<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861</id><updated>2012-01-28T22:49:07.011-07:00</updated><category term='Rich Murray'/><category term='terminal deposit'/><category term='cancer'/><category term='Kindle'/><category term='Victor De Nobel'/><category term='Rancho Alegre Road'/><category term='Amazon'/><category term='nickel'/><category term='tobacco'/><category term='formaldehyde'/><category term='Saginaw Bay'/><category term='Rogelio D Acevedo'/><category term='water tree'/><category term='geoablation'/><category term='toxin'/><category term='formic acid'/><category term='Judith Warner'/><category term='Jeanette Gilbride'/><category term='meteor'/><category term='evolution'/><category term='multiple sclerosis'/><category term='Peter Rowe'/><category term='ADH'/><category term='Australia'/><category term='William Napier'/><category term='AstroDeep'/><category term='toxicity'/><category term='autoimmune'/><category term='ADHD'/><category term='Club Space Rock'/><category term='rmforall'/><category term='Taurid Comet'/><category term='Pierson Barretto'/><category term='HUDF'/><category term='CosmicTusk'/><category term='ethanol'/><category term='eternal'/><category term='birth defects'/><category term='air blasts'/><category term='aspartame'/><category term='nano bubbles'/><category term='cold fusion'/><category term='Younger Dryas'/><category term='tsunami'/><category term='methanol'/><category term='nonduality'/><category term='Addiction Incorporated'/><category term='aspartameNM'/><category term='While Science Sleeps'/><category term='Sergio Focardi'/><category term='Hubble Ultra Deep Field'/><category term='Lidar'/><category term='meteors'/><category term='Murray'/><category term='T Kumazawa'/><category term='Francesco Piantelli'/><category term='exponential'/><category term='wood alcohol'/><category term='autism'/><category term='nicotine'/><category term='acetaldehyde'/><category term='ejecta'/><category term='crater'/><category term='WhileScienceSleeps'/><category term='Alzheimers'/><category term='air bursts'/><category term='LENR'/><category term='Adelaide Thunder'/><category term='awareness'/><category term='air burst'/><category term='comet'/><category term='alcohol'/><category term='hydrogen'/><category term='Argentina'/><category term='Michael Davias'/><category term='mirror matter'/><category term='Charles Evans Jr'/><category term='Widom-Larsen'/><category term='Carolina Bays'/><category term='Woodrow Monte'/><category term='Taurid comet stream'/><category term='Robert T Foot'/><category term='smoking'/><category term='Richat Structure'/><category term='Spitzer'/><category term='Mark Boslough'/><category term='impact'/><category term='Flickr'/><category term='Valdivia Seamount'/><category term='Bajada del Diablo'/><category term='galaxies'/><category term='Dennis Cox'/><title type='text'>RoomForAll</title><subtitle type='html'>Sharing for healthy and safe diet: one focus is aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) 

Rich Murray, MA  Room For All  rmforall@comcast.net  505-501-2298  1943 Otowi Road    Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 USA  group with 140 members, 1,580 posts
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>418</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-1630007476287397107</id><published>2012-01-27T12:45:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-28T21:53:44.873-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Charles Evans Jr'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Addiction Incorporated'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='methanol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nicotine'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aspartame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Peter Rowe'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toxin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tobacco'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formaldehyde'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Victor De Nobel'/><title type='text'>tobacco activist Victor J. De Noble and movie director  Charles Evans Jr. will be at movie "Addiction Incorporated" after 7 PM show Fri, Sat Jan 27, 28 Landmark Ken Cinema, front-page article by Peter Rowe, Union Tribune San Diego: Rich Murray 2012.01.27</title><content type='html'>tobacco activist Victor J. De Noble and movie director Charles Evans Jr. will be at movie "Addiction Incorporated" after 7 PM show Fri, Sat Jan 27, 28 Landmark Ken Cinema, front-page article by Peter Rowe, Union Tribune San Diego: Rich Murray 2012.01.27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/tobacco-activist-victor-j-de-noble-and.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/tobacco-activist-victor-j-de-noble-and.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1637&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.addictionincorporated.com/&lt;br /&gt;http://www.addictionincorporated.com/contact-us/&lt;br /&gt;http://www.facebook.com/AddictionIncorporated?sk=wall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/jan/27/tp-victor-denoble/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whistle-Blower Still Making Noise&lt;br /&gt;Victor DeNoble [ photo ]&lt;br /&gt;Former cigarette researcher narrates new documentary&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Written by&lt;br /&gt;Peter Rowe&lt;br /&gt;12:01 a.m., Jan. 27, 2012&lt;br /&gt;http://www.utsandiego.com/staff/peter-rowe/contact/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Facebook: Brewery Rowe&lt;br /&gt;Twitter: @@peterroweut&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also of interest:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cutting through the smoke&lt;br /&gt;Philip Morris couldn't snuff out Victor DeNoble&lt;br /&gt;FTC voids tobacco testing method&lt;br /&gt;S.F. mayor proposes cigarette-butt tax&lt;br /&gt;Two tobacco firms file suit to block marketing rules&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ What:&lt;br /&gt;Victor DeNoble and director Charles Evans Jr. will answer questions about "Addiction Incorporated"&lt;br /&gt;Running time: 1 hour, 42 minutes&lt;br /&gt;When: After the 7 p.m. screening, Friday and Saturday&lt;br /&gt;Where: Landmark Ken Cinema, 4061 Adams Ave., San Diego&lt;br /&gt;[ 805 N to 15 N, 2 miles to E on Adams Avenue, 200 feet on south side ]&lt;br /&gt;Information: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (619) 819-0236&lt;br /&gt;landmarktheatres.com ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Philip Morris fired cigarette researcher Victor DeNoble, but that wasn’t enough.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His lab was closed, his lab rats killed, his studies buried.&lt;br /&gt;Company lawyers forced him to sign a lifetime nondisclosure statement.&lt;br /&gt;His work on nicotine addiction was so dangerous, Philip Morris wanted to erase every trace of DeNoble.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How’s that going, Phil?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DeNoble, 62, has become one of the nation’s most prominent anti-smoking campaigners.&lt;br /&gt;The San Diego resident travels constantly, speaks to 350,000 students a year -- delivering up to four talks a day -- and tangles with the tobacco industry in legislative chambers and courtrooms.&lt;br /&gt;Now the star of "Addiction Incorporated," a new documentary that opens here today, is hailed as a whistle-blower whose testimony made possible the $206 billion settlement U.S. tobacco companies approved in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He has the brains of a Bill Gates and, to hear some critics, the on-screen charisma of a Brad Pitt.&lt;br /&gt;DeNoble “reveals himself to be a born raconteur,” The New York Times’ Jeannette Catsoulis wrote.&lt;br /&gt;“His easygoing, self-deprecating narration is the film’s most valuable asset and the viewer’s best friend.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not bad for someone who was supposed to be a nonperson.&lt;br /&gt;But DeNoble’s story is a curious one, full of odd turns and a bizarre quest.&lt;br /&gt;The key chapter begins in 1980, when he was hired by Philip Morris -- the parent corporation of Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson &amp;amp; Hedges and many other brands -- to research “safer” cigarettes.&lt;br /&gt;In 1983, he succeeded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And sealed his fate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Proof negative&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Growing up on Long Island, N.Y., Victor struggled to read and comprehend his school lessons.&lt;br /&gt;No scholar, he assumed he would follow in his father’s footsteps as a plumber.&lt;br /&gt;Dad, though, insisted that Victor apply for college.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Why?” the teenager asked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“To meet smart women, stupid.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At Adelphi University, Victor met women and made another, non-hormone-related, discovery.&lt;br /&gt;He wasn’t dumb; he was dyslexic.&lt;br /&gt;To his eyes, printed words appeared backward.&lt;br /&gt;Victor relearned to read -- and his grades soared.&lt;br /&gt;Studying drug addiction, he earned a bachelor’s degree and then a doctorate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Recruited by Philip Morris, the young Ph.D. naively accepted assurances that the tobacco giant wanted good science and good works.&lt;br /&gt;“In 1979,” he noted, “smoking had no stigma.&lt;br /&gt;You could smoke anywhere.&lt;br /&gt;They came to me and said,&lt;br /&gt;‘We are killing a whole bunch of people. Can you help us save some people?’ ”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Every year, DeNoble was informed, 138,000 smokers die from nicotine-induced heart attacks and brain strokes.&lt;br /&gt;What if Philip Morris could market a cigarette that caused no cardiovascular damage?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Experimenting with rats in the corporation’s labs, DeNoble found a nicotine substitute, 2 prime methyl-nicotine.&lt;br /&gt;It didn’t damage the heart -- yet was equally addictive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The news thrilled DeNoble’s bosses, until they realized that cigarettes with chemical additives would be scrutinized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Damn it,” DeNoble was told, “you’ve made us into a pharmaceutical company.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His research, though, was proof positive that nicotine addicted.&lt;br /&gt;With his supervisors’ permission, DeNoble and two co-authors submitted their findings to a professional publication.&lt;br /&gt;It was scheduled for the Journal of Psychopharmacology’s September 1983 issue when DeNoble was forced to withdraw the paper.&lt;br /&gt;In the view of Philip Morris’ lawyers, the scientists’ proof positive was a legal proof negative, damning evidence that cigarettes were drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Still, DeNoble won promotions and more funds for his lab.&lt;br /&gt;When he and a colleague, Paul Mele, were summoned to see their boss on April 5, 1984, he expected good news.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead, they were fired and muzzled.&lt;br /&gt;To receive a severance package, they were forced to agree to never discuss their work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No. 1 whistle-blower&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1994, a decade after DeNoble’s firing, he was contacted by federal investigators.&lt;br /&gt;FDA Chairman David Kessler, about to appear before a congressional committee investigating tobacco’s health effects, needed experts to brief him.&lt;br /&gt;Could DeNoble help?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Citing the nondisclosure agreement, DeNoble declined.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That wasn’t good enough.&lt;br /&gt;In one of the most dramatic scenes of “Addiction Incorporated,” Los Angeles congressman Henry Waxman presses the CEO of Philip Morris to release DeNoble from this agreement.&lt;br /&gt;After numerous evasions, the tobacco executive finally agrees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two weeks later, DeNoble testified that nicotine is addictive, that Philip Morris knew this, and that the corporation -- and, no doubt, its competitors-- sought ways to heighten this effect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is all common knowledge -- now.&lt;br /&gt;Then?&lt;br /&gt;“Victor DeNoble was the first whistle-blower,” Waxman said in the documentary.&lt;br /&gt;“I know a lot of people have talked about other whistle-blowers.&lt;br /&gt;But he was the first one.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As "Addiction Incorporated" notes, DeNoble became a key ally of the state attorneys general who sued the tobacco companies, eventually winning that landmark $209 billion settlement.&lt;br /&gt;Despite this payout, big tobacco is bigger than ever -- Philip Morris, for instance, has seen its stock price climb 51 percent in the past five years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Will "Addiction Incorporated” further tarnish these corporations?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Philip Morris did not address questions about DeNoble and his research but a company spokesman did comment on the movie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“This film covers topics regarding smoking that have been in the public domain for some time,” David Sutton, a Philip Morris USA spokesman, said via email Thursday.&lt;br /&gt;“PM USA agrees with the overwhelming medical and scientific consensus that cigarette smoking is addictive and causes serious diseases in smokers.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Addiction Incorporated” concludes with President Barack Obama signing a 2009 law expanding the FDA’s oversight to include cigarettes.&lt;br /&gt;“PM USA stood alone among the major cigarette manufacturers in support of FDA regulation over cigarettes,” Sutton noted, “and believes that this regulation can provide significant benefits to tobacco manufacturers and adult tobacco consumers.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That’s not enough, DeNoble argues.&lt;br /&gt;The movie shows him running on the trails near the Santa Luz home he shares with his wife, Kimi DeNoble, but those jogs are rare occasions.&lt;br /&gt;More often, he’s running to airports or classrooms, preparing to talk to students about science, nicotine and rats -- both four- and two-legged varieties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How could he ever believe that a tobacco company would want a safer cancer stick?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He smiled.&lt;br /&gt;These days, his close-cropped hair is graying and his face has acquired a few wrinkles.&lt;br /&gt;But there’s still something fresh and idealistic about that smile.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“I was young,” he said, “and I was wrong.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/jan/25/philip-morris-couldnt-snuff-out-victor-denoble/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Philip Morris couldn't snuff out Victor DeNoble&lt;br /&gt;New documentary lights up addiction scientist's story&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ photo of face ]&lt;br /&gt;Victor DeNoble moved to San Diego seven years ago -- John R. McCutchen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ same story ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/jan/26/tp-cutting-through-the-smoke/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Movie review&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cutting through the smoke&lt;br /&gt;"Addiction Incorporated" documents the moral and legal conflicts behind the nicotine business&lt;br /&gt;By JEANNETTE CATSOULIS NYT News Service&lt;br /&gt;12:01 a.m., Jan. 26, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also of interest:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Puff, puff, puff, nicotine rises gradually&lt;br /&gt;The U-T's "On the Move" column&lt;br /&gt;White House: Not smoking a struggle for Obama&lt;br /&gt;SDSU candidate fields wide array of questions&lt;br /&gt;“Addiction Incorporated ”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rating: PG&lt;br /&gt;When: Opens Friday&lt;br /&gt;Where: Landmark Ken&lt;br /&gt;Running time: 1 hour, 42 minutes&lt;br /&gt;***&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Straight-shooting, hard-hitting and fuming with contempt for the tobacco industry, “Addiction Incorporated” would be almost too exhausting to watch were it not for the folksy charm of its star witness.&lt;br /&gt;Nestled at the center of this relentless documentary, guiding us through a deluge of scientific evidence and corporate bobbing and weaving, is the scientist and whistle-blower Victor J. DeNoble, who a San Diego resident, who reveals himself to be a born raconteur.&lt;br /&gt;His easygoing, self-deprecating narration is the film’s most valuable asset and the viewer’s best friend.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hired by Philip Morris in 1980 to test nicotine alternatives for a more heart-healthy cigarette, DeNoble, armed with his Ph.D. in experimental psychology, quickly discovered just how addictive the chemical could be.&lt;br /&gt;When his test rats couldn’t get through their day without an ever-increasing number of nicotine hits -- topping out at an astonishing 90 puff equivalents a day -- DeNoble and his employers were equally shocked, though their reactions to the findings were very different.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Essentially the story of how cigarettes became subject to federal regulation, “Addiction Incorporated” lays out a meticulous, methodical time line of moral and legal conflict.&lt;br /&gt;Wrangling an unwieldy mob of scientists, politicians, journalists and legal experts, the director, Charles Evans Jr., wisely trusts DeNoble to connect dots and provide clarity.&lt;br /&gt;Cheeky animation of anthropomorphized rats &amp;nbsp;-- and the dash and swagger of a team of Louisiana lawyers -- burn through the factual fog, while familiar video clips remind us of the saga’s heroes and villains.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet this heartening tale of good science stomping bad business would be drier than a week-old butt without DeNoble.&lt;br /&gt;I wonder if he has a doppelgänger in the financial services industry?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/mar/08/puff-puff-puff-nicotine-rises-gradually/&lt;br /&gt;By RANDOLPH E. SCHMID, AP Science Writer&lt;br /&gt;12:43 p.m., March 8, 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;peter.rowe@utsandiego.com&lt;br /&gt;Twitter: @peterroweut&lt;br /&gt;Facebook: Brewery Rowe&lt;br /&gt;(619) 293-1227&lt;br /&gt;http://www.utsandiego.com/staff/peter-rowe/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bio&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In July 1984, Peter Rowe was hired as a writer for the San Diego Union.&lt;br /&gt;He has yet to be fired.&lt;br /&gt;At the Union, he wrote feature stories and worked as an editor.&lt;br /&gt;When the Union merged with the Tribune in 1992, he became a Union-Tribune columnist.&lt;br /&gt;A California native, Rowe attended high school in Encinitas (San Dieguito) and college in La Jolla (UCSD).&lt;br /&gt;He is a graduate of UC Berkeley and Northwestern University.&lt;br /&gt;He is a past president of the National Society of Newspaper Columnists, a former Fulbright scholar (Japan, 2003) and has won a handful of journalism awards. He'd trade them all for a chance to avenge his "Jeopardy!" loss (1994).&lt;br /&gt;He has three sons.&lt;br /&gt;Not one of them reads his stories.&lt;br /&gt;He is married to a terrific woman who often rescues him from errors, in writing and in life.&lt;br /&gt;These days, Rowe writes profiles and features.&lt;br /&gt;He's even paid to review beers, which hardly seems fair.&lt;br /&gt;He does not look like his photograph.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.addictionincorporated.com/pdf/AI-presskit.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VICTOR DeNOBLE STATEMENT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scientists do research with the hope that we will have a positive impact on people’s lives.&lt;br /&gt;I thought I would have that opportunity when I went to work at the Philip Morris Research Center.&lt;br /&gt;I never dreamed that our research would be suppressed for over ten years and that it would take a major federal investigation, congressional hearings, and&amp;nbsp;acts of Congress before my hope would be fulfilled.&lt;br /&gt;Seventeen years ago, when Charlie approached me about doing a documentary, I didn’t think there was even a story.&lt;br /&gt;I did not see the historical value of these events as they were unfolding, Charlie did!&lt;br /&gt;I underestimated Charlie’s commitment and his passion for the project.&lt;br /&gt;Working on this documentary helped me to realize how many hundreds, if not thousands, of people came together with a mission to create this public health policy change.&lt;br /&gt;This documentary weaves together a multitude of events; the result of which will be felt for decades to come.&lt;br /&gt;My parents nurtured in me a desire to help people.&lt;br /&gt;It’s the reason I became a scientist and the reason I teach kids science.&lt;br /&gt;I have dyslexia and ADHD.&lt;br /&gt;When I was a kid, there was no understanding of what they were.&lt;br /&gt;School, learning and just paying attention were always a struggle.&lt;br /&gt;I was told I was stupid and that I may not graduate high school, much less go to college.&lt;br /&gt;I believed it and I was wrong.&lt;br /&gt;What motivates me today, is reaching out to kids who feel they can’t go beyond high school and show them that they have more opportunities open to them than they think.&lt;br /&gt;This documentary isn’t the end of a story;&lt;br /&gt;it’s just the first chapter of the events that led to the changes we’ve seen to the health policy within the United States.&lt;br /&gt;The next chapters have begun to unfold with continued changes, not only in our Nation, but also with changes in public health policy in other nations around the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHARLES EVANS, JR. BIO&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At age nine, Charles Evans Jr.’s first film work was clearing 16mm trim bins (reconstituting picture and sound scraps) for his mother, documentarian Frances Evans, while she edited.&lt;br /&gt;Evans earned his undergraduate degree at UC-Berkley with a major in “Short Story Writing.”&lt;br /&gt;His thesis, a collection of short stories, won the University's Eisner Prize For Literature.&lt;br /&gt;Evans went on to complete the production program at University of Southern California’s film school.&lt;br /&gt;He wrote, produced and directed his thesis, “Second Son”.&lt;br /&gt;Shot in 35mm, the film went on to win twelve awards including the Grand Prix at Clermont-Ferrand's competition.&lt;br /&gt;Evans worked for two years at Touchstone Pictures as Director of Development for Randall Kleiser Productions, before founding Acappella Pictures in March, 1993.&lt;br /&gt;Evans produced Johnny Depp's directorial debut, THE BRAVE, based on the novel by Gregory Mcdonald. Johnny and Marlon Brando starred.&lt;br /&gt;he production was an official selection for competition in the 1997 Cannes film festival.&lt;br /&gt;Evans' enduring commitment to produce a film on the life of Howard Hughes resulted in THE AVIATOR (2004, BAFTA, Golden Globes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his directorial debut, ADDICTION INCORPORATED, he tells the true story of how Victor DeNoble's unexpected discovery of an addiction ingredient in tobacco leads to both more addictive Marlboro cigarettes and Congressional testimony.&lt;br /&gt;The public revelation of long held tobacco industry secrets leads journalists, politicians, attorneys and whistle blowers into an unexpected alliance, that achieves the first ever federal regulation of the tobacco industry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“THE CAST”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VICTOR J. DeNOBLE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. DeNoble received his Doctorate degree in 1976 in the field of Experimental Psychology from Adelphi University.&lt;br /&gt;He held postdoctoral fellowships from both the National Institute of Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse at Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York and the National&amp;nbsp;Institute of Drug Abuse at the University of Minnesota.&lt;br /&gt;In 1980, while still a postdoctoral fellow, DeNoble was recruited by Philip Morris Inc. to establish a Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory to support a nicotine&amp;nbsp;analogue program to study the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine.&lt;br /&gt;Following his abrupt dismissal from Philip Morris in 1984, DeNoble worked in drug discovery for the DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company and Ayerst Research Laboratories, specializing in the area of Central Nervous System Diseases.&lt;br /&gt;In 1994, after a congressional release from his confidentiality agreement with Philip Morris, DeNoble became the first “whistle-blower” to begin tearing down the wall of secrecy built by the tobacco industry.&lt;br /&gt;He was a key witness in the federal government’s case against the industry and has testified before Congress, the Food and Drug Administration and former Vice President Al Gore’s Tobacco Settlement Committee.&lt;br /&gt;Currently, DeNoble is the Vice President of Hissho, Inc., a scientific and medical communications company.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PAUL C. MELE [ helped Noble do nicotine addiction research ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paul Mele, Ph.D., received a B.S. in biology and psychology from Union College, and a Doctorate in Experimental Psychology from Adelphi University.&lt;br /&gt;He held research positions at the University of Wisconsin, the Philip Morris Inc., and the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute.&lt;br /&gt;In 1995, Dr. Mele moved into technology transfer as Chief, Office of Research and Technology Applications, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), where he guided WRAIR's technology transfer program on the development and commercialization of drugs, vaccines and medical devices in support of the Army's mission.&lt;br /&gt;In 2000, he became the first Director of Technology Transfer for the Army's Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick.&lt;br /&gt;In this capacity, Dr. Mele oversees the Army Medical Command's patent licensing program and coordinates technology transfer activities among its component&amp;nbsp;laboratories, hospitals and health care centers.&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Mele is a member of the Association of University Technology Managers, the Federal Laboratory consortium, and the Association of Government Toxicologists.&lt;br /&gt;He has published and presented the results of a variety of scientific investigations, and he is the recipient of the 2005 Department of Defense Technology Transfer Award.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ photos and bios of 18 other major people in the movie ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low doses of ethanol prevent harm from methanol from smoking and aspartame, which otherwise the human body always quickly turns into formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme inside the cells of blood vessels and many tissues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is inevitably a co-factor in many diseases of civilization since 1800, ranging from heart disease to Alzheimers to cancers to birth defects like spina befida and autism, which all have been increasing rapidly since the approval of aspartame in 1981.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prof. Woodrow C. Monte (Nutrition, Arizona State University, retired) sent Chapter 12, Autism and Other Birth Defects, to EFSA in early November 2011, with a hundred mainstream scientific references, available free as online full texts, in his comprehensive review "While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills", with 740 references, published January 1 2012, with long excerpts on website WhileScienceSleeps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His book is now available this week as an Kindle electronic book, $ 9.80 download, readable on any computer via free software, Amazon.com.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While Science Sleeps, methanol from cigarettes and aspartame becomes formaldehyde inside human cells -- Table of Contents, &amp;nbsp;WC &amp;nbsp;Monte bio, Kindle electronic book version $ 9.80 Amazon.com: Rich Murray 2012.01.26&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/while-science-sleeps-methanol-from.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1636&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition, Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1631&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-Woodrow-Monte/dp/1452893675/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1325344126&amp;amp;sr=8-2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;about 240 pages text, with 740 full text references free online&lt;br /&gt;$ 37.98 paperback -- see:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.WhileScienceSleeps.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/review/RNGG3O7U33VCV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray,&lt;br /&gt;MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964 history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 120 members, 1,637 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 782 members, 24,433 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-1630007476287397107?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/1630007476287397107/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=1630007476287397107' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1630007476287397107'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1630007476287397107'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/tobacco-activist-victor-j-de-noble-and.html' title='tobacco activist Victor J. De Noble and movie director  Charles Evans Jr. will be at movie &quot;Addiction Incorporated&quot; after 7 PM show Fri, Sat Jan 27, 28 Landmark Ken Cinema, front-page article by Peter Rowe, Union Tribune San Diego: Rich Murray 2012.01.27'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-4001578102502280414</id><published>2012-01-26T23:10:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-28T22:49:07.025-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='While Science Sleeps'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='methanol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formaldehyde'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='multiple sclerosis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Alzheimers'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Amazon'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kindle'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aspartame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toxin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='autoimmune'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Woodrow Monte'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cancer'/><title type='text'>While Science Sleeps, methanol from cigarettes and aspartame becomes formaldehyde inside human cells -- Table of Contents,  WC  Monte bio,  Kindle electronic book version $ 9.80 Amazon.com: Rich Murray 2012.01.26</title><content type='html'>While Science Sleeps, methanol from cigarettes and aspartame becomes formaldehyde inside human cells -- Table of Contents, WC Monte bio, Kindle electronic book version $ 9.80 Amazon.com: Rich Murray 2012.01.26&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/while-science-sleeps-methanol-from.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/while-science-sleeps-methanol-from.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1636&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low doses of ethanol prevent harm from methanol from smoking and&amp;nbsp;aspartame, which otherwise, in humans alone, the body always quickly turns into&amp;nbsp;formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme inside the cells of blood vessels and&amp;nbsp;many tissues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is inevitably a co-factor in many diseases of civilization since&amp;nbsp;1800, ranging from heart disease to Alzheimers to cancers to birth&amp;nbsp;defects like spina befida and autism, which all have been increasing&amp;nbsp;rapidly since the approval of aspartame in 1981.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prof. Woodrow C. Monte (Nutrition, Arizona State University, retired)&amp;nbsp;sent Chapter 12, Autism and Other Birth Defects, to EFSA in early 2011&amp;nbsp;November, with a hundred mainstream scientific references, available&lt;br /&gt;free as online full texts, in his comprehensive review "While Science&amp;nbsp;Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills", with 740 references, published January 1&amp;nbsp;2012.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try the affordable $ 9.80 Kindle electronic version,&amp;nbsp;readable on any computer with free software&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-ebook/dp/B007127OFY/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1327475470&amp;amp;sr=8-3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read books on your computer or other mobile devices with our FREE Kindle Reading Apps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /&gt;[ In Chapter 5, two-page Figure 5.2 has only the right page, but has both pages in Chapter 10 --&lt;br /&gt;Table 5.2 Target Organs of Methanol Toxicity (Bad ADH Sites) gives detailed data for 10 organs, 19 diseases that all have increased the last 35 years, with many references for each -- the sites where the ADH enzyme turns methanol into formaldehyde inside cells, harming DNA, RNA, and proteins ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Product Description&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The introduction of aspartame into the food supply of the United States began in the summer of 1981.&lt;br /&gt;Since that time, the incidence of Alzheimer’s deaths has increased 100 fold (10,000%).&lt;br /&gt;Autism has, with no explanation, increased 25 times (2500%).&lt;br /&gt;Autoimmune diseases have reached epidemic proportions,&lt;br /&gt;with Lupus (SLE) up 300%,&lt;br /&gt;and Multiple Sclerosis, Type II Diabetes and Rheumatoid Arthritis headed out of control.&lt;br /&gt;Cancers, the hallmark of formaldehyde exposure, have exploded.&lt;br /&gt;Skin cancer has shot up over 400%,&lt;br /&gt;liver cancer has tripled,&lt;br /&gt;kidney cancer has doubled,&lt;br /&gt;and breast cancer is up 50%.&lt;br /&gt;The list goes on.....&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table of Contents&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 1:&lt;br /&gt;A Time When All the Easy Questions Have Been Answered&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diseases Linked to Diet;&lt;br /&gt;My Research Orientation;&lt;br /&gt;Why Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;Why Are Only Humans Harmed by Methanol?;&lt;br /&gt;Ethanol and Methanol Fight for the Attention of the ADH Enzyme;&lt;br /&gt;What Damage Can a Sip of Diet Soda Do?;&lt;br /&gt;Why Would the Ethanol in Your Blood Vanish?;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 2:&lt;br /&gt;Methanol: Where is it Found? How Can It Be Avoided?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Environmental Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;Cigarette and Cigar Smoke;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol in the Food Supply;&lt;br /&gt;Bad News about Blackcurrants and Tomatoes;&lt;br /&gt;Canned, Bottled, Jarred, and Aseptically Packaged Fruits and Vegetables and Their Juices;&lt;br /&gt;The Italian and French Exception: Long, Slow Cooking with the Lid Ajar;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame -- a Very Big No!;&lt;br /&gt;Smoked Foods;&lt;br /&gt;Liquor or Schnapps Made from Rotting Fruit;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 3:&lt;br /&gt;Man and Methanol: A Tragic History of Mutation and Deceit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Curious Matter of Some Considerable Consequence;&lt;br /&gt;The Ancient History of Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;The Mutation of Eve;&lt;br /&gt;What Is the Meaning of This Human Mutation?;&lt;br /&gt;The Sordid History of Methanol in the Industrial Age;&lt;br /&gt;The “Real” Killer Is Formic Acid: A Fairy Tale if Ever I Heard One;&lt;br /&gt;The Tortured Toxicology of Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;Minimum Lethal Dose;&lt;br /&gt;Two Ways for Humans to Die from Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;The Hard Way to Die from Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;How Dangerous is Methanol?;&lt;br /&gt;Infant Deaths from a Touch of Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;The Big Lie;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 4:&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde Is the Real Problem&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Look of DOC; [ modern Diseases of Civilization since 1800 ]&lt;br /&gt;Methanol’s Formaldehyde;&lt;br /&gt;An Untraceable and Invisible Killer;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol is the Mother of the DOC, Not Their Cause;&lt;br /&gt;Why is Formaldehyde a Danger?;&lt;br /&gt;Why Is Methanol/Formaldehyde Being Ignored by Science?;&lt;br /&gt;The Production, Use and Nature of Formaldehyde;&lt;br /&gt;Putting Formaldehyde into Perspective: Meet Venus!;&lt;br /&gt;The Two Faces of Formaldehyde: Base or Acid: Bad or Worse;&lt;br /&gt;What Attaches to What and Why: the Many Bonds of Formaldehyde;&lt;br /&gt;What You See Is What You Study!;&lt;br /&gt;What about That Other Aldehyde: the Ethanol Aldehyde?;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 5:&lt;br /&gt;The Silent Battle that Turns Methanol into Disease&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Review;&lt;br /&gt;Bad ADH and Good ADH III;&lt;br /&gt;Alcohol Consumption;&lt;br /&gt;The Brain and Alcohol;&lt;br /&gt;The Diversion of Dr. Majchrowicz;&lt;br /&gt;The REAL Lethal Dose of Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;Where Methanol Turns into Disease: the Front Lines of the Battle for Your Life;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 6:&lt;br /&gt;How Methanol Kills&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acute Methanol Poisoning;&lt;br /&gt;An Experiment to Help Understand Methanol Poisoning;&lt;br /&gt;Using Ethanol to Protect from Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;The Lethal Dose of Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;Hospital Admission;&lt;br /&gt;The Symptoms of Acute Methanol Poisoning;&lt;br /&gt;How does Methanol’s Formaldehyde Kill?;&lt;br /&gt;Hallucinations, Delirium and Maniacal Behavior;&lt;br /&gt;Formic Acid Causes None of These Symptoms;&lt;br /&gt;Murder by Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;The DOC: the Result of Nature and Nurture Working over the Course of a Lifetime;&lt;br /&gt;Where Do the DOC Fit?&lt;br /&gt;Categories of Disease;&lt;br /&gt;Is Ethanol an Essential Nutrient?;&lt;br /&gt;What Are the DOC?;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 7:&lt;br /&gt;Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The One Unifying Factor of All ACD;&lt;br /&gt;The Long Slow Progression from Atheroma to Full-Blown Heart Disease;&lt;br /&gt;Some Necessary Background;&lt;br /&gt;The Approach that Modern Science Takes to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde from Methanol is the Cause of ACD;&lt;br /&gt;How Methanol Causes Atheroma;&lt;br /&gt;Where to Now?;&lt;br /&gt;Does Diet Soda Cause Coronary Heart Disease?;&lt;br /&gt;The Proper Interpretation of Animal Experiments to Test Methanol’s Safety;&lt;br /&gt;The Circulatory System is a Target of Methanol Poisoning;&lt;br /&gt;An Alcoholic’s Arteries;&lt;br /&gt;The Girl Who Switched to Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;The U-Shaped Curve in Depth and Beyond… Far, Far Beyond;&lt;br /&gt;Avoid Ethanol and Risk Disease;&lt;br /&gt;The All-Important U-Shaped Curve;&lt;br /&gt;The Details of the U-Shaped Curve Explained;&lt;br /&gt;Keeping Ethanol in the Blood: The Genetic Bombshell&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 8&lt;br /&gt;Alzheimer’s Disease and its Perivascular Nature&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Short History of Alzheimer’s;&lt;br /&gt;The Ignored Epidemic of Alzheimer’s;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol from Aspartame as a Cause of Alzheimer’s;&lt;br /&gt;What Connects Methanol to Alzheimer’s;&lt;br /&gt;The Scene of the Crime;&lt;br /&gt;Quick Review;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 9:&lt;br /&gt;Multiple Sclerosis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Conflagration that is Multiple Sclerosis;&lt;br /&gt;Listening to Nature’s Whispers;&lt;br /&gt;The Scene of the Crime;&lt;br /&gt;Location, Location, Location;&lt;br /&gt;Details of Plaque Formation;&lt;br /&gt;The Look, Touch, Taste and Smell of Multiple Sclerosis;&lt;br /&gt;The Kitchen Autopsy;&lt;br /&gt;The Cause of MS is within the Thickening Blood Vessels;&lt;br /&gt;Symptoms Mean Little Unless They Are Identical in All Ways…Then They Mean Everything!;&lt;br /&gt;Learn a Little About Arginine;&lt;br /&gt;Myelin Basic Protein (MBP);&lt;br /&gt;Looking for the Shadow of Formaldehyde;&lt;br /&gt;“Woody… They Have Done Our Experiment for Us.… But They Just Don’t Get It!”;&lt;br /&gt;Finding the Shadow of Formaldehyde in the MS Brain: The Smoking Gun (a Triple Blind Study);&lt;br /&gt;Evidence That Methanol Causes MS;&lt;br /&gt;The Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis -- Follow the Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;A Food Scientist’s Nightmare Called Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;MS: a Disease of Colder Climates and Flush Toilets -- Before Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;A World Awash in MS after Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;Change in Frequency of MS by Sex:&amp;nbsp;the Methanol Source -- Food or Smoke -- Makes All the Difference;&lt;br /&gt;Can Methanol Really Cause MS?;&lt;br /&gt;MS Can Be Found in Some Places, but Cannot be Found in Others;&lt;br /&gt;Industrial Exposure to Methanol -- Jobs that Can Last for an Eternity;&lt;br /&gt;Teachers’ Paradigm;&lt;br /&gt;MS Treatment -- Pharmaceutical Placeboes or Perhaps Worse;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion and Review;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 10:&lt;br /&gt;Classic Autoimmune Diseases Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Scene of the Crime: the Antibody;&lt;br /&gt;Autoantibody Production Enhanced Dramatically by Formaldehyde Treatment;&lt;br /&gt;Systemic Lupus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Two Sisters of Atherosclerosis;&lt;br /&gt;Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of Both Lupus (SLE) and Rheumatoid Arthritis;&lt;br /&gt;The U-shaped Curve of Ethanol’s Protection from Autoimmunity;&lt;br /&gt;Is Aspartame the Cause of the Epidemic of Autoimmunity over the “Last Thirty Years”?;&lt;br /&gt;A Few Words about Diabetes;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 11:&lt;br /&gt;Cancers of Aspartame&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde’s Cancer-Causing Prowess is Enhanced when it Comes from Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;Thousands of Carcinogens Exist;&lt;br /&gt;The Sensitive, Vulnerable, and Susceptible Will Be Lost First;&lt;br /&gt;Brain Cancer: the Killing Begins;&lt;br /&gt;Breast Cancer;&lt;br /&gt;Why is the Human Breast Particularly Sensitive to Methanol?;&lt;br /&gt;School Teachers Have Higher Risk of Breast Cancers;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame Causes Breast Cancer in Human Feeding Study Done by Searle;&lt;br /&gt;The Scene of the Crime;&lt;br /&gt;Matching Epidemics of Breast Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis: the Legacy of Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;Breast Cancer Increases as Does Popularity of Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;Genetic Distribution of Slow ADH Verses Fast ADH Linked to Breast Cancer Risk;&lt;br /&gt;Exposure to Organic Solvents and Breast Cancer;&lt;br /&gt;Cigarette Smoking with a U-Shaped Twist;&lt;br /&gt;Cancer of the Kidney (Renal Cancers);&lt;br /&gt;Melanoma and Cancers of the Skin;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde from Aspartame;&lt;br /&gt;Young Women Take the Burden of the Epidemics of Two Skin Cancers;&lt;br /&gt;Cancers of the Liver and Lungs;&lt;br /&gt;The Strange Case of the Female Thyroid Gland;&lt;br /&gt;Limitation of Animal Studies;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 12:&lt;br /&gt;Autism and Other Birth Defects&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Increase in Birth Defects in the U.S. as Aspartame Consumption Rises;&lt;br /&gt;Birth Defects Caused by Aspartame’s Methanol;&lt;br /&gt;What Might Have Been;&lt;br /&gt;The Laboratory;&lt;br /&gt;A Fire of Mysterious Origin;&lt;br /&gt;The Hidden Epidemic of Neural Tube Defects;&lt;br /&gt;Aborted Neural Tube Fetuses -- and Their Statistics -- Incinerated;&lt;br /&gt;The Rush to Mandate Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) Consumption to “Reduce Neural Tube Birth Defects”;&lt;br /&gt;Folic Acid, the Dangerous Form of a Little-Known Vitamin;&lt;br /&gt;The Chemistry of Folic Acid (Folate) Is Inseparable from Methanol and Formaldehyde;&lt;br /&gt;Birth Defects Caused by Methanol from Cigarette Smoke;&lt;br /&gt;Autism;&lt;br /&gt;Silly Rat Pups;&lt;br /&gt;Autism and Methanol -- the Same Target;&lt;br /&gt;The Chemistry of Autism? One Word: Methylation;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde, or More Correctly, the Methylation It Causes, Is the “Ghost in Your Genes”;&lt;br /&gt;Does Aspartame Cause Autism?;&lt;br /&gt;Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: “The American Paradox”;&lt;br /&gt;Frank, the Friendly Face of Big Pharma;&lt;br /&gt;Tidy Up;&lt;br /&gt;Epilogue;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Biography&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Woodrow C. Monte has decades of experience in food science and nutrition as a researcher, teacher, inventor, industry consultant and consumer advocate who is committed to food additive safety and the prevention of food borne diseases.&lt;br /&gt;For over 30 years he has studied the link between artificial sweeteners and the diseases of civilization including Alzheimer's, Heart Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, numerous forms of cancer, Autism and other Birth Defects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Monte's testimony before Congress was instrumental in the prevention of Sulfites from receiving status of US FDA GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) and the implementation of mandatory labeling for most foods that contain this dangerous additive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through his research, Dr. Monte has been awarded 22 US patents.&lt;br /&gt;He has shared his technical expertise during hundreds of television and radio appearances including a special feature on the CBS Evening News with Dan Rather and 60 Minutes.&lt;br /&gt;He is the author of numerous scientific publications and the book While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Monte is a dedicated scientist with both a Ph.D. and M.S. in Food Science and Nutrition and a B.S. in Biology.&lt;br /&gt;He has been a Registered Dietician, Certified Nutrition Specialist AIN, professional member of the American Chemical Society and emeritus member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.&lt;br /&gt;In 1985, he was chosen by the Council for International Exchange of Scholars as a Senior Fulbright Scholar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Professor Emeritus of Nutrition from Arizona State University, Dr. Monte continues his study of the damaging effects of methanol in our food supply.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More information about Dr. Monte and his work can be found on his website: www.WhileScienceSleeps.com .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-ebook/dp/B007127OFY/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1327475470&amp;amp;sr=8-3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read books on your computer or other mobile devices with our FREE Kindle Reading Apps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You can preview pages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Start reading While Science Sleeps on your Kindle in under a minute.&lt;br /&gt;Don't have a Kindle?&lt;br /&gt;Get your Kindle here.&lt;br /&gt;Deliver to:&lt;br /&gt;How buying works&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try it free&lt;br /&gt;Sample the beginning of this book for free [ pages 1 -- 16, Chapters 1 and 2 ]&lt;br /&gt;Deliver to:&lt;br /&gt;How sampling the book works&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See larger image&lt;br /&gt;While Science Sleeps [Kindle Edition] &amp;nbsp;[ 5 MB download ]&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C. Monte (Author)&lt;br /&gt;Be the first to review this item | Like (1)&lt;br /&gt;Digital List Price:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;$9.80 What's this? &lt;br /&gt;Kindle Price:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; $9.80 includes free wireless delivery via Amazon Whispernet&lt;br /&gt;Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here.&lt;br /&gt;Editorial Reviews&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Product Details&lt;br /&gt;Format: Kindle Edition&lt;br /&gt;File Size: 5,051 KB&lt;br /&gt;Publisher: Amazon (December 30, 2011)&lt;br /&gt;Sold by: Amazon Digital Services&lt;br /&gt;Language: English&lt;br /&gt;ASIN: B007127OFY&lt;br /&gt;Text-to-Speech: Enabled &lt;br /&gt;Lending: Enabled&lt;br /&gt;Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re&amp;nbsp;aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are&amp;nbsp;free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1631&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-Woodrow-Monte/dp/1452893675/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1325344126&amp;amp;sr=8-2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;236 pages, with 740 full text references free online&amp;nbsp;$ 37.98 paperback -- see:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.WhileScienceSleeps.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/review/RNGG3O7U33VCV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray,&lt;br /&gt;MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964 history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 120 members, 1,636 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 782 members, 24,432 posts in a public archive&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-4001578102502280414?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/4001578102502280414/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=4001578102502280414' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/4001578102502280414'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/4001578102502280414'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/while-science-sleeps-methanol-from.html' title='While Science Sleeps, methanol from cigarettes and aspartame becomes formaldehyde inside human cells -- Table of Contents,  WC  Monte bio,  Kindle electronic book version $ 9.80 Amazon.com: Rich Murray 2012.01.26'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-1621721236367364903</id><published>2012-01-15T23:44:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-16T00:48:22.629-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='methanol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='smoking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tobacco'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formaldehyde'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ADHD'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='WhileScienceSleeps'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aspartame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toxin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Judith Warner'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Woodrow Monte'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='autism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='birth defects'/><title type='text'>ADHD and Food: The Connection Is Tenuous, Judith Warner, Time, JG Millichap, Pediatrics 2012.01.13 -- methanol from smoking or aspartame becomes formaldehyde in brain cells of the fetus via ADH enzyme, Prof. Woodrow C. Monte (Nutrition, retired) Arizona State University: Murray 2012.01.15</title><content type='html'>ADHD and Food: The Connection Is Tenuous, Judith Warner, Time, JG Millichap, Pediatrics 2012.01.13 -- methanol from smoking or aspartame becomes formaldehyde in brain cells of the fetus via ADH enzyme, Prof. Woodrow C. Monte (Nutrition, retired) Arizona State University: Murray 2012.01.15&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/adhd-and-food-connection-is-tenuous.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/adhd-and-food-connection-is-tenuous.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1634&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.whilesciencesleeps.com&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills&lt;br /&gt;Prof. Woodrow C. Monte (Nutrition, retired) Arizona State University&lt;br /&gt;the 740 references are available free online as full text pdfs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Autism and other Birth Defects&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another long-term neurological malfunction has recently been linked to methanol exposure during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder that affects between 3% and 5% of school aged children.&lt;br /&gt;The majority of scientific studies identify maternal smoking during pregnancy as a risk factor for ADHD behaviors.&lt;br /&gt;In fact, the risk for a diagnosis of ADHD in those individuals whose mothers smoked during pregnancy is a highly statistically significant two-fold increase.(572)&lt;br /&gt;A liter of diet soda sweetened with aspartame provides to the maternal bloodstream an equal amount of methanol as does smoking a pack of cigarettes.&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame in artificially sweetened soft drinks has now been shown to statistically increase a woman's risk of preterm delivery -- one of the major pregnancy complications and a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality.(617)"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(572) Indredavik M, Brubakk A, Romundstad P, Vik T.&lt;br /&gt;Prenatal smoking exposure and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence.&lt;br /&gt;Acta Paediatr 2007;96(3):377-82.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(617) Halldorsson T, Strøm M, Petersen S, Olsen S.&lt;br /&gt;Intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of preterm delivery: a prospective cohort study of 59,334 Danish pregnant women.&lt;br /&gt;Am J Clin Nutr Doi:10.3945/Ajcn.2009.28968 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://ideas.time.com/2012/01/13/adhd-and-diet-the-connection-is-tenuous/?xid=gonewsedit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://ideas.time.com/2012/01/13/adhd-and-diet-the-connection-is-tenuous/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHILDREN&lt;br /&gt;ADHD and Food: The Connection Is Tenuous&lt;br /&gt;All we can say for sure about controlling a child's diet to treat ADHD is that it makes the parents feel better&lt;br /&gt;By JUDITH WARNER &amp;nbsp;@judithwarner January 13, 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read more: http://ideas.time.com/2012/01/13/adhd-and-diet-the-connection-is-tenuous/#ixzz1jYFsTjbA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The Diet Factor in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,” the much-cited study released by the journal Pediatrics this week, did not make much of a case for using dietary change to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).&lt;br /&gt;But it did make an interesting case for using food control to treat parents’ angst about their kids’ ADHD.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study’s authors, J. Gordon Millichap, a neurologist, and Michelle M. Yee, a nurse-practitioner, who both specialize in ADHD at Children’s Memorial Hospital in Chicago, carried out a critical review of all the research literature dating back to 1976 listed by PubMed, the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s database of articles from scientific journals, relating to the use of diet and dietary supplements in treating ADHD.&lt;br /&gt;They found that fish oil, in the right doses and combinations (still to be determined), might help with the cognitive and behavioral impairments associated with the disorder (though it’s still unproven.)&lt;br /&gt;They found that it’s helpful to remove additives and preservatives from the diet of the kids (“a small subgroup”) who are sensitive to them.&lt;br /&gt;Ditto for allergens for children who have food allergies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(MORE: Warner: Getting Distracted from the Real Issues of ADHD)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They found iron supplements and zinc to be interesting ideas.&lt;br /&gt;Sugar and aspartame?&lt;br /&gt;More or less benign.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most promisingly, Millichap and Yee reported an association between ADHD and children who ate a Western diet high in saturated fat, refined sugars and sodium, and lacking omega-3 fatty acids, fiber and folate.&lt;br /&gt;They did not say why this association occurred, however, except to acknowledge that the direction of causality between bad food and bad behavior (or bad concentration, or self-regulation or any of the other problems associated with ADHD) could go either way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The relationship between a Western dietary pattern and ADHD may be mediated by other factors, such as poor family functioning and emotional distress, leading to a craving for fat-rich snack foods,” they wrote.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;In other words, the stress of having ADHD or being in a family riddled with ADHD, could lead to overindulgence in unhealthy foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The only clear result from this exploration of the role of diet in ADHD was uncertainty, except when it came to parent behavior.&lt;br /&gt;Regarding that, the authors noted that, no matter what they reported, parents were going to do what they wanted to do.&lt;br /&gt;Take the longtime one-size-fits-all villain, sugar: “In practice, the link between sugar and hyperactive behavior is so universal in the opinion of parents of children with ADHD that no controlled study or physician counsel is likely to change this perception,” they wrote.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As we all know, cutting sugar can’t hurt.&lt;br /&gt;And, ironically, the authors suggested, for non-dietary reasons, it might even help.&lt;br /&gt;That’s because of the Hawthorne Effect -- a well-known research phenomenon whereby children (or adults) experience improvement in an area precisely because that area has been singled out for observation.&lt;br /&gt;“The specific type of therapy or discipline may be less important than the attention provided by the treatment,” they explained.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(MORE: Warner: Overmedicating Foster Kids: The Cost of Skimping on Care)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The relationship between parents’ feelings and expectations and their perceptions of their children’s ADHD has been proven before. In the National Institute of Mental Health’s Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD, or MTA study, the largest study of comparative ADHD treatments conducted to date, parents reported being most satisfied with their children’s progress when their kids were treated with behavioral therapy without medication -- despite the fact that behavioral therapy alone was nowhere nearly as effective as medication plus therapy (or medication alone) in reducing core ADHD symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;Therapy improved the parent-child interaction, which made everyone feel (and no doubt, behave) better.&lt;br /&gt;I would venture to say that not giving medication may have made parents feel a whole lot better about themselves, which, coupled with the special training they received, may have made them parent more competently, too -- and thus see better results in their kids.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A major problem with testing dietary remedies for ADHD is that factoring out the placebo effect is extremely difficult:&lt;br /&gt;you can’t fake giving a kid a certain food, the way you can give a sugar pill instead of Ritalin.&lt;br /&gt;But maybe, for kids whose symptoms are very mild and not particularly impairing, this doesn’t matter.&lt;br /&gt;If dietary change produces positive alterations in the behavior, cognition and, in particular, self-judgment of parents, it may be a boon for children with ADHD as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Warner, a former contributing columnist for the New York Times, is the author, most recently, of We've Got Issues: Children and Parents in the Age of Medication. The views expressed are solely her own.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read other related stories about this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ADHD: Diet Might Matter, But Less Than You Think USA Today&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is There an ADHD Diet? WedMD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Related Topics: ADHD, Diet, eating habits, fish oil, Hawthorne Effect, Millichap and Yee, MTA study, western diet, Children, Health &amp;amp; Science, Life &amp;amp; Style, Medicine, Psychology&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read more: http://ideas.time.com/2012/01/13/adhd-and-diet-the-connection-is-tenuous/#ixzz1jYGEODdH&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.judithwarneronline.com/jwarner-perfect-overview.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;judith@judithwarneronline.com,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judith Warner is best known for her 2005 New York Times best-seller,&lt;br /&gt;Perfect Madness: Motherhood in the Age of Anxiety,&lt;br /&gt;and New York Times column, "Domestic Disturbances."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She remains a frequent contributor to the New York Times op-ed page,&lt;br /&gt;and writes for The New York Times Magazine and other publications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A former special correspondent for Newsweek in Paris,&lt;br /&gt;she hosted "The Judith Warner Show" on XM satellite radio from 2005 to 2007,&lt;br /&gt;and wrote the 1993 bestseller Hillary Clinton: The Inside Story,&lt;br /&gt;as well as several other books.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She lives in Washington, DC with her husband and children.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pediatrics. 2012 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;The Diet Factor in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.&lt;br /&gt;Millichap JG, J. Gordon Millichap, MD, FRCP &amp;nbsp;gmillichap@childrensmemorial.org,&lt;br /&gt;Yee MM.&lt;br /&gt;Source&lt;br /&gt;Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This article is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of dietary methods for treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when pharmacotherapy has proven unsatisfactory or unacceptable.&lt;br /&gt;Results of recent research and controlled studies, based on a PubMed search, are emphasized and compared with earlier reports.&lt;br /&gt;The recent increase of interest in this form of therapy for ADHD, and especially in the use of omega supplements, significance of iron deficiency, and the avoidance of the "Western pattern" diet, make the discussion timely.&lt;br /&gt;Diets to reduce symptoms associated with ADHD include sugar-restricted, additive/preservative-free, oligoantigenic/elimination, and fatty acid supplements. Omega-3 supplement is the latest dietary treatment with positive reports of efficacy, and interest in the additive-free diet of the 1970s is occasionally revived.&lt;br /&gt;A provocative report draws attention to the ADHD-associated "Western-style" diet, high in fat and refined sugars, and the ADHD-free "healthy" diet, containing fiber, folate, and omega-3 fatty acids.&lt;br /&gt;The literature on diets and ADHD, listed by PubMed, is reviewed with emphasis on recent controlled studies.&lt;br /&gt;Recommendations for the use of diets are based on current opinion of published reports and our practice experience.&lt;br /&gt;Indications for dietary therapy include&lt;br /&gt;medication failure,&lt;br /&gt;parental or patient preference,&lt;br /&gt;iron deficiency,&lt;br /&gt;and, when appropriate, change from an ADHD-linked Western diet to an ADHD-free healthy diet.&lt;br /&gt;Foods associated with ADHD to be avoided and those not linked with ADHD and preferred are listed.In practice, additive-free and oligoantigenic/elimination diets are time-consuming and disruptive to the household;&lt;br /&gt;they are indicated only in selected patients.&lt;br /&gt;Iron and zinc are supplemented in patients with known deficiencies;&lt;br /&gt;they may also enhance the effectiveness of stimulant therapy.&lt;br /&gt;In patients failing to respond or with parents opposed to medication,&lt;br /&gt;omega-3 supplements may warrant a trial.&lt;br /&gt;A greater attention to the education of parents and children in a healthy dietary pattern, omitting items shown to predispose to ADHD, is perhaps the most promising and practical complementary or alternative treatment of ADHD.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 22232312&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Words:&lt;br /&gt;additive-free attention behavior diet elimination hyperactivity iron ketogenic oligoantigenic omega-3 pediatrics sucrose zinc&lt;br /&gt;Abbreviations:&lt;br /&gt;ADHD —&lt;br /&gt;attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder&lt;br /&gt;EFA —&lt;br /&gt;essential fatty acids&lt;br /&gt;EPD —&lt;br /&gt;enzyme-potentiated desensitization&lt;br /&gt;IGg —&lt;br /&gt;immunoglobulin G&lt;br /&gt;LC —&lt;br /&gt;long chain&lt;br /&gt;PUFA —&lt;br /&gt;polyunsaturated fatty acids&lt;br /&gt;Accepted October 5, 2011.&lt;br /&gt;Published online January 9, 2012&lt;br /&gt;(doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2199)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Environmental factors are prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal in origin.&lt;br /&gt;Pregnancy- and birth-related risk factors include maternal smoking and alcohol ingestion, prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and thyroid deficiency. Childhood illnesses associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include virus infections, meningitis, encephalitis, head injury, epilepsy, toxins, and drugs. More controversial factors discussed are diet-related sensitivities and iron deficiency. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121(2):e358-65.&lt;br /&gt;Etiologic classification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.&lt;br /&gt;Millichap JG.&lt;br /&gt;Source&lt;br /&gt;FRCP, Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. gmillichap@childrensmemorial.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological syndrome with an estimated prevalence among children and adolescents of 5%.&lt;br /&gt;It is a highly heritable disorder, but acquired factors in etiology are sometimes uncovered that may be amenable to preventive measures or specific therapy.&lt;br /&gt;Early reports have described symptoms similar to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder that followed brain trauma or viral encephalitis, and recent MRI studies have demonstrated brain volumetric changes that may be involved in the pathophysiology of the syndrome.&lt;br /&gt;The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic Statistical Manual, introduced in 1968, emphasizes symptomatic criteria in diagnosis.&lt;br /&gt;Here, an overview of environmental factors in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is presented to encourage more emphasis and research on organic causal factors, preventive intervention, and specific therapies.&lt;br /&gt;An organic theory and the genetic and biochemical basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are briefly reviewed, and an etiologic classification is suggested. Environmental factors are prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal in origin.&lt;br /&gt;Pregnancy- and birth-related risk factors include maternal smoking and alcohol ingestion, prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and thyroid deficiency. Childhood illnesses associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include virus infections, meningitis, encephalitis, head injury, epilepsy, toxins, and drugs. More controversial factors discussed are diet-related sensitivities and iron deficiency.&lt;br /&gt;Early prenatal recognition, prevention, and treatment of environmental etiologies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may reduce physician reliance on symptomatic modification with medication, a frequent reason for parental concern.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 18245408 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/121/2/e358.long&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;27 Thapar A, Fowler T, Rice F, et al. &amp;nbsp; thapar@cf.ac.uk,&lt;br /&gt;Maternal smoking during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in offspring.&lt;br /&gt;Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(11) :1985 - 1989&lt;br /&gt;http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/194/1/62.long&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;28 Linnet KM, Daisgaard S, Obel C, et al. &amp;nbsp; kmlinnet@ki.au.dk, co@alm.au.dk,&lt;br /&gt;Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence.&lt;br /&gt;Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160 (6):1028 - 1040 Abstract/FREE Full Text&lt;br /&gt;http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?volume=160&amp;amp;page=1028&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;29 Braun JM, Kahn RS, Froelich T, Auinger P, Lanphear BP. &amp;nbsp; jbraun@hsph.harvard.edu, &amp;nbsp;Peggy.Auinger@ctcc.rochester.edu, &amp;nbsp;bruce.lanphear@cchmc.org, &amp;nbsp;bruce.lamphear@cchmc.org&lt;br /&gt;Exposures to environmental toxicants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children.&lt;br /&gt;Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(12) :1904 - 1909&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764142/?tool=pubmed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;30 Aronson M, Hagberg B, Gillberg C. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;hagberg@pediat.gu.se,&lt;br /&gt;Attention deficits and autistic spectrum problems in children exposed to alcohol during gestation: a follow-up study.&lt;br /&gt;Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39 (9):583 - 587 MedlineWeb of Science&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;31 Mick E, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Sayer J, Kleinman S. &amp;nbsp; jbiederman@partners.org,&lt;br /&gt;Case-control study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and maternal smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41 (4):378 - 385 CrossRefMedlineWeb of Science&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;32 Knopik VS, Heath AC, Jacob T, et al. &amp;nbsp; Valerie_Knopik@brown.edu,&lt;br /&gt;Maternal alcohol use disorder and offspring ADHD: disentangling genetic and environmental effects using a children-of-twins design.&lt;br /&gt;Psychol Med. 2006;36(10) :1461 - 1471&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michele M. Yee, APM&lt;br /&gt;Childrens Memorial Hospital&lt;br /&gt;Provider Business Mailing Address:&lt;br /&gt;2300 N CHILDRENS PLZ # 51&lt;br /&gt;CHICAGO, IL 60614-3363&lt;br /&gt;Phone Number: 773-880-4352&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re&lt;br /&gt;aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are&lt;br /&gt;free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1631&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Martini: Monte: Murray 2012.01.08 Fwd: Open Letter to EFSA - More FDA&lt;br /&gt;Hidden Studies showing aspartame causes birth defects: Parliament&lt;br /&gt;informed&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/martini-monte-murray-20120108-fwd-open.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1632&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;all diseases of civilization (not just aspartame) -- WC Monte paradigm&lt;br /&gt;re harm to veins, tissues, and DNA via formaldehyde made in spots from&lt;br /&gt;methanol: heart, strokes, cancers, Alzheimers, diabetes, arthritis,&lt;br /&gt;lungs, eyes, lupus, MS, birth defects, autism, liver, kidney, thyroid,&lt;br /&gt;skin &amp;nbsp;-- easily prevented -- &amp;nbsp;read his site and book "While Science&lt;br /&gt;Sleeps" with 740 free full text references: Rich Murray 2012.01.13&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/all-diseases-of-civilization-not-just.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1633&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Of course, everyone has the fundamental priority to find and quickly&lt;br /&gt;share evidence for healthy and safe diet, drink, and environment."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray,&lt;br /&gt;MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964 history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 120 members, 1,634 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 1,231 members, 24,409 posts in a public archive&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-1621721236367364903?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/1621721236367364903/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=1621721236367364903' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1621721236367364903'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1621721236367364903'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/adhd-and-food-connection-is-tenuous.html' title='ADHD and Food: The Connection Is Tenuous, Judith Warner, Time, JG Millichap, Pediatrics 2012.01.13 -- methanol from smoking or aspartame becomes formaldehyde in brain cells of the fetus via ADH enzyme, Prof. Woodrow C. Monte (Nutrition, retired) Arizona State University: Murray 2012.01.15'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-91606133584184334</id><published>2012-01-13T08:40:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-13T08:41:12.426-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ADH'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='While Science Sleeps'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='methanol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='acetaldehyde'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formaldehyde'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ethanol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wood alcohol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='alcohol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aspartame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formic acid'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toxin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='autoimmune'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Woodrow Monte'/><title type='text'>all diseases of civilization (not just aspartame) -- WC Monte paradigm re harm to veins, tissues, and DNA via formaldehyde made in spots from methanol: heart, strokes, cancers, Alzheimers, diabetes, arthritis, lungs, eyes, lupus, MS, birth defects, autism, liver, kidney, thyroid, skin  -- easily prevented --  read his site and book "While Science Sleeps" with 740 free full text references: Rich Murray 2012.01.13</title><content type='html'>all diseases of civilization (not just aspartame) -- WC Monte paradigm re harm to veins, tissues, and DNA via formaldehyde made in spots from methanol: heart, strokes, cancers, Alzheimers, diabetes, arthritis, lungs, eyes, lupus, MS, birth defects, autism, liver, kidney, thyroid, skin &amp;nbsp;-- easily prevented -- &amp;nbsp;read his site and book "While Science Sleeps" with 740 free full text references: Rich Murray 2012.01.13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/all-diseases-of-civilization-not-just.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/all-diseases-of-civilization-not-just.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1633&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a revolution, as profound and far reaching as the germ paradigm after 1860 -- now inspiring the spontaneous spread of productive research and diagnosis -- allowing treatment and prevention of diseases that harm all families and severely impair world society -- simple, safe, easy, inexpensive, universal, immediate: just avoid all common sources of methanol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Of course, everyone has the fundamental priority to find and quickly share evidence for healthy and safe diet, drink, and environment."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re&lt;br /&gt;aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are&lt;br /&gt;free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1631&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Martini: Monte: Murray 2012.01.08 Fwd: Open Letter to EFSA - More FDA&lt;br /&gt;Hidden Studies showing aspartame causes birth defects: Parliament&lt;br /&gt;informed&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/martini-monte-murray-20120108-fwd-open.html&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1632&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I welcome a vigorous process of global real-time peer review, including all points of view, allowing unedited public sharing of positively motivated, civil, specific detail oriented, collaborative discussion by fully identified participants, in the free public domain, based on public evidence and reason in the highest tradition of world science, without ad hominem attacks: rmforall.blogspot.com or any other suitable easily accessible venue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray,&lt;br /&gt;MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964 history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;505-819-7388&lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 120 members, 1,633 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 1,232 members, 24,408 posts in a public archive&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-91606133584184334?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/91606133584184334/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=91606133584184334' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/91606133584184334'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/91606133584184334'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/all-diseases-of-civilization-not-just.html' title='all diseases of civilization (not just aspartame) -- WC Monte paradigm re harm to veins, tissues, and DNA via formaldehyde made in spots from methanol: heart, strokes, cancers, Alzheimers, diabetes, arthritis, lungs, eyes, lupus, MS, birth defects, autism, liver, kidney, thyroid, skin  -- easily prevented --  read his site and book &quot;While Science Sleeps&quot; with 740 free full text references: Rich Murray 2012.01.13'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-7062799743729793448</id><published>2012-01-08T12:50:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-08T12:51:04.603-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Martini: Monte: Murray 2012.01.08 Fwd: Open Letter to EFSA - More FDA Hidden Studies showing aspartame causes birth defects: Parliament informed</title><content type='html'>Martini: Monte: Murray 2012.01.08 Fwd: Open Letter to EFSA - More FDA Hidden Studies showing aspartame causes birth defects: Parliament informed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/martini-monte-murray-20120108-fwd-open.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/martini-monte-murray-20120108-fwd-open.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1632&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hi Woody,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Betty Martini is doing pretty good polemics, quoting your opus "While Science Sleeps"...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;within mutual service, &amp;nbsp;Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;---------- Forwarded message ----------&lt;br /&gt;From: Dr. Betty Martini,D.Hum. &lt;bettym19@mindspring.com&gt;&lt;/bettym19@mindspring.com&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: Sat, Jan 7, 2012 at 5:53 PM&lt;br /&gt;Subject: Open Letter to EFSA - More &amp;nbsp;FDA Hidden Studies showing &amp;nbsp;aspartame causes birth defects: &amp;nbsp;Parliament informed&lt;br /&gt;To: food additives &lt;foodadditives@efsa.europa.eu&gt;, PAQUES Maud &lt;maud.paques@efsa.europa.eu&gt;&lt;/maud.paques@efsa.europa.eu&gt;&lt;/foodadditives@efsa.europa.eu&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Sandra:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We knew that when you had the call for data &amp;nbsp;the only thing you would make public was industry studies and propaganda and &amp;nbsp;not all the investigations &amp;nbsp;and independent peer reviewed research we sent you. &amp;nbsp;That's why it was all sent to Parliament at the same time it was sent to you. &amp;nbsp;They know aspartame was never proven safe, that FDA wanted the company indicted, that studies were stripped from the records, and the only reason aspartame was ever marketed for human consumption was through political chicanery of Don Rumsfeld. &amp;nbsp;They all have the link to the independent scientific peer reviewed research and the carcinogenic studies that showed aspartame caused cancer from the very beginning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mpwhi.com/peer_reviewed_research.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jerome Bressler who worked with the FDA, and author of the infamous Bressler Report requested that I find the two studies FDA stripped from his report because he said it was important that the public be warned about the birth defects. &amp;nbsp;It took 8 years but here they are and Parliament has seen them:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mpwhi.com/complete_bressler_report.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rest of the Bressler Report is on our web site. &amp;nbsp;You recall the UK Parliament was very concerned about putting a warning for birth defects after the Denmark study showing aspartame can jump preterm births 78%. &amp;nbsp;Notice these studies FDA sealed and hid from the public in loyalty to industry has the FDA admitting that aspartame causes birth defects. &amp;nbsp;You can understand now the epidemic in autism. Parliament also knows about all the other recent studies that showed everything from heart attacks, obesity and strokes and elevated fasting blood sugar and cancer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now more sealed original studies that were hid from the public and also go into hydrocephalus and cleft palate, etc. were acquired by Dr. Woodrow Monte and are now discussed in his new book on the methanol in aspartame, "When Science Sleeps". &amp;nbsp;Here are those studies:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/references/ ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/pdf/677.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ 677. &amp;nbsp;Collins TFX. Memorandum: Aspartame shown to cause nural tube birth defects in the New Zealand rabit, an animal very resistant to methanol poisoning. Freedom of information: Department of Health Education and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration; 1978.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;8 pages, 7.3 MB September 11, 1978 ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This makes 6 of the original studies showing beyond a shadow of a doubt that aspartame causes birth defects, with the FDA admitting it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now let's read some from the book, which Parliament should get immediately also, because it's on the methanol and formaldehyde issues, which Jim McDonald of the UK Aspartame Awareness Campaign has made public.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In an article published in 1985 warning about potential health dangers posed by the methanol from aspartame, I stated that the scientific literature contained no studies addressing the critical question as to whether aspartame or methanol would cause birth defects. &amp;nbsp;I was incorrect in saying that, but only because I was purposefully prevented from seeing a key FDA memo dated September 11, 1978 describing the details of birth defects and serious developmental brain damage found in the offspring of laboratory rabbits whose mothers had been fed aspartame during pregnancy. &amp;nbsp;This memo and the research data it describes were keep secret for over thirty years until January of 2011, when the memo was finally released as the result of &amp;nbsp;Freedom of information request."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In that detailed US Food and Drug Administration memo, which was authored by Dr. Thomas Collins of the Animal Toxicology Branch to the Chief of the Food Additive Evaluation Branch, Collins reports the disturbing discovery of "significant" multiple neural tube (and other) birth defects in rabbit pups whose mothers were fed aspartame during the course of several different toxicity studies done by both G. D. Searle and Hazelton Laboratories between 1974 and 1975. &amp;nbsp;It appeared to be Dr. Collins' assignment to evaluate the studies and his conclusions were stunning: &amp;nbsp;"In both rabbit studies, aspartame appeared to cause birth defects."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"To my knowledge, this book is the first time this memo has been discussed publicly. &amp;nbsp;Like most of the scientific community, I had no idea that aspartame had tested positive for producing neural tube birth defects. &amp;nbsp;It was not until January 16, 2011 that this "smoking gun" memo came into my possession. &amp;nbsp;This is one of many important that were removed from the aspartame Docket File before I was allowed to review it in 1983. &amp;nbsp;Figure 12.1 is an image of the ticket that gave me access to the FDA's "complete" collection of aspartame test data and it does confirm that memos had been removed."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IMPORTANCE of the Collins Memo: &amp;nbsp;Government Collusion Uncovered&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Of the several million chemicals, pesticides and herbicides now in use only an exceedingly small percentage have ever tested positive for causing birth defects. &amp;nbsp;Barely 800 chemicals are known teratogens, producing birth defects in laboratory animals, and "only about twenty of these are known to cause birth defects in the human. &amp;nbsp;Nature has numerous methods, the exact details of which are still unknown to us, for protecting the developing infant. &amp;nbsp;As a last resort she will often call upon the macrophages to destroy a fetus that becomes unfit for life well before the time of birth, in a process called resorption. &amp;nbsp;This is why the occurrence of a deformed fetus in the testing of any chemical is a rare phenomenon and would normally raise a "red flag" to any scientist concerned with public safety. &amp;nbsp;It would be particularly significant if that chemical was being tested for use as a food additive."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It was not until 20 years after the 1978 FDA memo that methanol was first tested again and found to cause neural tube birth defects in rats and eventually in many other species of laboratory animal. &amp;nbsp;To this day aspartame is not listed as a teratogen because the FDA and G. D. Searle covered up the tests that were performed in 1974 and 1975. &amp;nbsp;Worse yet, during the time they were in possession of this proof of aspartame's teratogenicity, Searle paid to have a faux scientific paper written by one of their employees published in an international fertility journal (which is read by many gynecologists and pediatricians) stressing the safety of aspartame and falsely proclaiming that "aspartame posed no risk" from consumption during pregnancy." ..........&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Tragically, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kept the Collins memo secret from the Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) throughout its entire two year investigation of methanol's potential to cause birth defects. &amp;nbsp;This was done despite the fact that both the FDA and the CERHR are part of the same public agency -- the Department of Health and Human Services. &amp;nbsp;The final CERHR report published in September of 2009 mentions aspartame no fewer than 93 times and raises many questions about its potential for teratogenicity. &amp;nbsp;These questions could have been answered by giving the committee access to the Collins memo and other studies to which the Collins memo refers that are still hidden in the vaults of the FDA. &amp;nbsp;It is noteworthy that two of the 11 voting members of the expert panel, both representing the US Environmental Protection Agency, refused to sign off on the summary of the CERHR methanol report and, in fact, initiated a formal dissent that warned of "a greater risk to vulnerable populations of pregnant women" than the compromised final report of the CERHR expert panel alleged. &amp;nbsp;The most senior of the dissenting scientists, J. Michael Davis, Ph.D. reveals in his strongly worded five page formal dissent that "factual errors and omissions" prompted him not to sign the final report. &amp;nbsp;He goes on:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"As just one example, the missing pages from the 1986 NEDO (New Energy Development Organization) report, which I identified and provided to the CERHR contractor, were evidently never provided to members of the Panel. &amp;nbsp;The pages in question included a table showing reductions in brain weight in a two generation rat study that had been replicated in a special ancillary study... if nothing else, omission of this information creates the impression that the Panel failed to consider all relevant information." &amp;nbsp;(I must point out here that autistic children often present with a reduced brain size at birth.)" &amp;nbsp;[ &amp;nbsp;end of this part of the book ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol is one very big reason for birth defects but the 50% phenylalanine is another reason, and Dr. Louis Elsas testified before Congress in this regard. &amp;nbsp;There was such an outrage because so many of the population were being poisoned from aspartame, there were three congressional hearings between 1985 and 1987. &amp;nbsp;Politics and power prevented Senator Metzenbaum's bill from getting out of committee, a story in itself. &amp;nbsp;He wanted a moratorium put on aspartame while NIH did independent studies on the problems being seen in the population such as with the fetus, behavioral problems in children, drug interaction, seizures, etc. &amp;nbsp;You might want to read the Report For Schools:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mpwhi.com/report_on_aspartame_and_children.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So babies never had a chance. &amp;nbsp;Think how many women grow up wanting a family and can't have children, never knowing that aspartame is an endocrine disrupting agent, stimulates prolactin, changes the menses and causes infertility. &amp;nbsp;Then if they get off aspartame and get pregnant and get back on it, its also an abortifacient and a teratogen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.rense.com/general/asp.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THREATENING RESEARCHERS AND MYSTERIOUS ACCIDENTS:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We're all kind of sick of death threats and mysterious accidents. &amp;nbsp;If you read the UPI investigation which was sent to Parliament:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mpwhi.com/upi_1987_aspartame_report.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note that Dr. Richard Wurtman was threatened by the Vice President of Searle if he did studies on aspartame and seizures his research funds would be rejected, they were. &amp;nbsp;Today MIT gets research funds but Dr. Wurtman no longer speaks out about aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. James Bowen has been threatened so many times and had so many accidents, break-ins and such he could write a book on it. &amp;nbsp;He has ALS from aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Maria Alemany who did the Trocho study, which proved the formaldehyde converted from the free methyl alcohol embalms living tissue and damages DNA, by which you can destroy humanity, told me when I was in Barcelona, that the aspartame manufacturers tried to assassinate his character because he did the study. &amp;nbsp; He also said that after doing the study he knew aspartame would kill 200 million people. Tephly tried to rebut the study but later admitted he used the wrong test. &amp;nbsp;The aspartame industry are scholars at that. &amp;nbsp;In the protest of the National Soft Drink Assn. it was even admitted that Searle used the wrong test that wouldn't pick up the aspartic acid (the excitotoxin in aspartame that stimulates the neurons of the breath to death causing brain damage -- Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills by neurosurgeon Russell Blaylock, M.D.) &amp;nbsp;Industry later even got to them and they turned around and lobbied for NutraSweet which is why the protest was added to the congressional record which is on www.mpwhi.com-- scroll down to banners.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I lectured in the UK I was amused that Immigration locked me up for 3 1/2 hours after confiscating all material on aspartame. &amp;nbsp;Their questions were not the usual ones immigration asks such as, "If we allow you in England, how many people will find out about the dangers of aspartame?" &amp;nbsp;They then took me to a physician &amp;nbsp;to see if I was in condition to be interrogated because they said I had been on a plane for 12 hours. &amp;nbsp;They made the mistake of putting Dr. Roberts medical text, Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic, 1000 pages, on the doctor's desk. &amp;nbsp;He looked at it and said, "I use aspartame". &amp;nbsp;I said, 'Well, you're going to die!" &amp;nbsp;He said, "But I'm diabetic!" &amp;nbsp;I responded, "Then you will die first? " &amp;nbsp;Dr. Roberts is a diabetic specialist and after reading the chapter he told Immigration: &amp;nbsp;"Give this woman back everything you confiscated on aspartame and let her go."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I lectured in Shrewsbury Shropshire, the manufacturer's legal department sent a mole to record my lecture. &amp;nbsp;The second time I lectured in the UK the mainstream press didn't write more articles and some told me the newspapers had been intimidated by attorneys from the aspartame industry. &amp;nbsp;My goodness, are they scared!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now let's get back to the book and talk about Dr. Monte:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"A Fire of Mysterious Origin":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"All that remains with me of the night my home exploded in flames is the aftermath. &amp;nbsp;I have a recurring memory of lying on a gurney in a hospital emergency room in Tempe, Arizona, with a physician repeatedly jabbing me in my left hand with a large gauge hypodermic needle. &amp;nbsp;He was looking for an artery from which to extract a blood sample in order to prove that I had actually been in a fire, despite the fact that an ambulance had taken me directly from the fire to the hospital. &amp;nbsp;The pain was excruciating, far worse than my burns. &amp;nbsp;The rude awakening brought clarity to the fact that I had barely escaped a possible attempt on my life that had to be taken seriously. &amp;nbsp;I vowed then that I would stay alive long enough to reveal the truth about aspartame and resolve the question of whether Joy had been killed by this deadly component of diet sodas."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Joy was a baby who died from aspartame's birth defects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then there was my trip to New Zealand when Abby Cormack became very sick on aspartame. She is fine now since she abstained. &amp;nbsp; First my bags with lecture material mysteriously disappeared. &amp;nbsp;Read the story: &amp;nbsp;Dying for a Diet Coke:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.rense.com/general78/dying.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There was so much publicity that people would stop you in the street and say, "I had the problems Abby had and got off aspartame my symptoms disappeared." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then the New Zealand Food Safety Authority put out releases, that read like they were written by Ajinomoto, trying to get people not to listen to Abby or me and just get on their web site and read about aspartame's safety. &amp;nbsp;They actually wanted them to get back on aspartame so they would get sick again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Well, it didn't work, so Coke sent an aspartame flack to New Zealand to try and get their profits back up. &amp;nbsp;Abby did a brilliant job of debating her. While I was there, the aspartame industry actually got into my web site and added a note not to believe me. &amp;nbsp;It could only be read by those in New Zealand, who alerted me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then the NZFSA had a consumer meeting for information on aspartame and called for material to show the damage. &amp;nbsp;I had it and was standing at their door. &amp;nbsp;They refused to let me in so the information would not be heard, even though I had come 10,000 miles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I was in St. Louis giving out flyers I was stopped by a man who said, "I know more about aspartame than you do." &amp;nbsp;We got in a conversation and it turns out a physician admitted that doctors there were threatened if they told anyone that aspartame causes Alzheimers, they would be sued.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also, an informant said the National Soft Drink Association did a 10 year study, and never published i,t proving aspartame causes birth defects, Alzheimers and blindness. &amp;nbsp;When I met someone from NSDA (now American Beverage) she said, "You couldn't possibly have those studies."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I could go on and on!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After getting all information to Parliament I sent them this report with quotes from the experts:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mpwhi.com/efsa_cheats_about_aspartame.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here is an article that was just published in a UK paper about a woman with lymphoma and notice the Diet Coke in her hand:&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Also note the comment by Jim McDonald of the UK Aspartame Awareness Campaign.&lt;br /&gt;What are methanol and formaldehyde known to cause? &amp;nbsp;Lymphoma and leukemia!&lt;br /&gt;What did Dr. Morando Soffritti find on one of his aspartame studies showing it to be a multipotential carcinogen? &amp;nbsp;Lymphoma and leukemia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many years ago Dr. H. J. Roberts sent me a picture of Jacqueline Kennedy with a Diet Coke. &amp;nbsp;What did she die of? &amp;nbsp;Lymphoma, same disease as this woman has.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2083131/Fake-tan-saved-life-Girl-discovers-lump-neck-getting-glammed-night-out.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The illustration of beautiful young Kathryn Fish, clutching a bottle of diet coke with both hands is a frightening picture to me. I wonder if this young lady is a heavy user or even dependant on (addicted to) this very popular carbonated product? If so, the many other comments here regarding the artificial sweetener aspartame are absolutely correct. What is not well known is aspartame’s best kept secret -- 10% of aspartame METHANOL.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Very few people, including practically all our GP’s and other medical practitioners are aware of this. Methanol is a severe metabolic poison in humans, it is a slow stealthy poison which builds up over time 0-20 years, eventually causing neurological, organ and tissue damage. Anyone reading this post who is, or knows someone who is a heavy user of &amp;nbsp;chewing gum, diet drinks or flavoured water containing aspartame should contact their GP and advise them of the heavy use –- GP’s need to question the FSA about the methanol in aspartame. The best of luck, Kathryn.”&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;So why have I written you and let you know we notified the UK and Scottish Parliament, UK media and others of what you intended to do in advance (give only industry's side and propaganda)? &amp;nbsp;Because it's over, Sandra. &amp;nbsp;The information is all over the Internet and all over the world. Aspartame facts are in more medical texts and &amp;nbsp;books than I can count, and this last one on the free methyl alcohol by Dr. Woodrow Monte just hammered the last nail in the coffin. &amp;nbsp;If EFSA dares to try and say aspartame is safe in this review, with all the evidence it will only come back on EFSA. &amp;nbsp;They also have the article about how many of you have links to the aspartame industry, more than half.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why government organizations like yourself have loyalty to industry is beyond me. &amp;nbsp;Don't you know it will affect your own families. &amp;nbsp;There are no perks or jobs or money that are worth poisoning the world, as aspartame has done. &amp;nbsp;The FDA's excuse to me by phone was "so what, we need to depopulate". &amp;nbsp; Anyone this evil has to be possessed. &amp;nbsp;No normal human would make such a remark.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I hope you understand now, its over. &amp;nbsp;Nobody in the EU or Parliament are going to believe it, if you try to make them believe aspartame is safe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New movies continue to come out exposing more and more information that has been hidden. &amp;nbsp;Stay tuned. &amp;nbsp; Some think its been protected because of the power of &amp;nbsp;Donald Rumsfeld who through political chicanery when he worked for G.D. Searle got aspartame marketed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why the government would protect a manufacturer who is guilty of Title 18 of the Domestic Genocide code is beyond me. &amp;nbsp;Think of those in prison for methanol poisoning when the victim unknowingly poisoned himself because he wasn't aware of the methanol in aspartame. &amp;nbsp; For those reading this that want the whole story they can email me at bettym19@mindspring.com and ask for the Aspartame Resource Guide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Think of the epidemic of autism and read about it in Dr. Monte's book.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ADD people, Feingold, said in one of the movies, "before aspartame approval we didn't even use the terms ADD and ADHD". &amp;nbsp;Think of our precious children, those with autism, those victims who live with MS because of it, those who have gone blind, and those who have perished. &amp;nbsp;That doesn't even discuss all the other horrors mentioned in the medical texts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Betty Martini, D.Hum, Founder&lt;br /&gt;Mission Possible International&lt;br /&gt;9270 River Club Parkway&lt;br /&gt;Duluth, Georgia 30097&lt;br /&gt;770 242-2599&lt;br /&gt;www.mpwhi.com,&lt;br /&gt;www.dorway.com,&lt;br /&gt;www.wnho.net&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame Toxicity Center, www.holisticmed.com/aspartame&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re&lt;br /&gt;aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are&lt;br /&gt;free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/12/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1631&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-Woodrow-Monte/dp/1452893675/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1325344126&amp;amp;sr=8-2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;about 240 pages text, with 740 full text references free online&lt;br /&gt;$ 37.98 paperback -- see:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.WhileScienceSleeps.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/review/RNGG3O7U33VCV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Customer Review&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;life saving facts -- the life work of an earnest, careful, caring,&lt;br /&gt;bold expert, December 30, 2011&lt;br /&gt;By Mr. Richard T. Murray "rmforall"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This review is from: While Science Sleeps (Paperback)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This work is the culmination of a professional lifetime dedicated to&lt;br /&gt;elucidating the key biochemical details of methanol (formaldehyde)&lt;br /&gt;toxicity, starting with a comprehensive warning review in 1984, with&lt;br /&gt;62 references, by the earnest, careful, bold Woodrow "Woody"&lt;br /&gt;C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition, Arizona State University.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He has been sharing his research with me since 1999, including&lt;br /&gt;parts of this masterpiece, as it evolved during the last three years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is indeed 11% methanol (wood alcohol), which the&lt;br /&gt;human body quickly turns into formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme,&lt;br /&gt;concentrated in many tissues: liver, kidney, brain, retina, skin,&lt;br /&gt;muscle, lung, prostate, breast, womb, fetus -- forming cumulative&lt;br /&gt;micro lesions, binding to and disabling DNA, RNA, and proteins,&lt;br /&gt;and so causing a wide variety of symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other methanol (formaldehyde) sources include wood and tobacco&lt;br /&gt;smoke, dark wines and liquors, fruits and vegetables heated in&lt;br /&gt;sealed metal and glass containers, and aspartame, as well as a&lt;br /&gt;variety of products ranging from medicines to new carpet, drapes,&lt;br /&gt;and furniture to mobile homes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;People vary enormously in individual vulnerability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Google "While Science Sleeps" to reach his website, where you&lt;br /&gt;can download for free his 1984 and 2010 reviews, and the final&lt;br /&gt;chapter 12 re birth defects and autism type diseases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Monte WC. Aspartame; Methanol and the Public Health.&lt;br /&gt;Journal of Applied Nutrition 1984;36(1):42-58. 16 pages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;586. Monte W. Methanol: A chemical Trojan horse as the root of&lt;br /&gt;the inscrutable U.&lt;br /&gt;Med Hypotheses 2010;74(3):493-6. 4 pages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download free Chapter 12 of the book "While Science Sleeps", re&lt;br /&gt;methanol, formaldehyde, birth defects, autism type diseases, with&lt;br /&gt;100 mainstream full text research paper references -- 25 pages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, search Google for other research and news:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amid health fears, Diet Coke sweetener [aspartame] in safety&lt;br /&gt;spotlight, Sean Poulter, UK Daily Mail 2011.05.27, 141 comments:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.05.30&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pass the good words, friends !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/references/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amid health fears, Diet Coke sweetener [aspartame] in safety&lt;br /&gt;spotlight, Sean Poulter, UK Daily Mail 2011.05.27, 141 comments:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.05.30&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/05/amid-health-fears-diet-coke-sweetener.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1625&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray,&lt;br /&gt;MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964 history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 120 members, 1,632 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 1,233 members, 24,407 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-7062799743729793448?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/7062799743729793448/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=7062799743729793448' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/7062799743729793448'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/7062799743729793448'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/martini-monte-murray-20120108-fwd-open.html' title='Martini: Monte: Murray 2012.01.08 Fwd: Open Letter to EFSA - More FDA Hidden Studies showing aspartame causes birth defects: Parliament informed'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-7167718627514125994</id><published>2012-01-03T21:51:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-21T22:37:07.553-07:00</updated><title type='text'>new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition, Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03</title><content type='html'>new book, concise opus "While Science Sleeps" life saving facts re&lt;br /&gt;aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are&lt;br /&gt;free online -- Woodrow "Woody" C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1631&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-Woodrow-Monte/dp/1452893675/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1325344126&amp;amp;sr=8-2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;about 240 pages text, with 740 full text references free online&lt;br /&gt;$ 37.98 paperback -- see:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.WhileScienceSleeps.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/review/RNGG3O7U33VCV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Customer Review&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;life saving facts -- the life work of an earnest, careful, caring,&lt;br /&gt;bold expert, December 30, 2011&lt;br /&gt;By Mr. Richard T. Murray "rmforall"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This review is from: While Science Sleeps (Paperback)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This work is the culmination of a professional lifetime dedicated to&lt;br /&gt;elucidating the key biochemical details of methanol (formaldehyde)&lt;br /&gt;toxicity, starting with a comprehensive warning review in 1984, with&lt;br /&gt;62 references, by the earnest, careful, bold Woodrow "Woody"&lt;br /&gt;C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition, Arizona State University.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He has been sharing his research with me since 1999, including&lt;br /&gt;parts of this masterpiece, as it evolved during the last three years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is indeed 11% methanol (wood alcohol), which the&lt;br /&gt;human body quickly turns into formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme,&lt;br /&gt;concentrated in many tissues: liver, kidney, brain, retina, skin,&lt;br /&gt;muscle, lung, prostate, breast, womb, fetus -- forming cumulative&lt;br /&gt;micro lesions, binding to and disabling DNA, RNA, and proteins,&lt;br /&gt;and so causing a wide variety of symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other methanol (formaldehyde) sources include wood and tobacco&lt;br /&gt;smoke, dark wines and liquors, fruits and vegetables heated in&lt;br /&gt;sealed metal and glass containers, and aspartame, as well as a&lt;br /&gt;variety of products ranging from medicines to new carpet, drapes,&lt;br /&gt;and furniture to mobile homes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;People vary enormously in individual vulnerability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Google "While Science Sleeps" to reach his website, where you&lt;br /&gt;can download for free his 1984 and 2010 reviews, and the final&lt;br /&gt;chapter 12 re birth defects and autism type diseases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Monte WC. Aspartame; Methanol and the Public Health.&lt;br /&gt;Journal of Applied Nutrition 1984;36(1):42-58. 16 pages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;586. Monte W. Methanol: A chemical Trojan horse as the root of&lt;br /&gt;the inscrutable U.&lt;br /&gt;Med Hypotheses 2010;74(3):493-6. 4 pages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download free Chapter 12 of the book "While Science Sleeps", re&lt;br /&gt;methanol, formaldehyde, birth defects, autism type diseases, with&lt;br /&gt;100 mainstream full text research paper references -- 25 pages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, search Google for other research and news:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amid health fears, Diet Coke sweetener [aspartame] in safety&lt;br /&gt;spotlight, Sean Poulter, UK Daily Mail 2011.05.27, 141 comments:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.05.30&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pass the good words, friends !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/references/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;exploring While Science Sleeps at amazon.com: Monte: Murray 2012.01.21&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.amazon.com/While-Science-Sleeps-Woodrow-Monte/dp/1452893675/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1327205225&amp;amp;sr=8-2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$ 37.98&lt;br /&gt;click on book image on left to Look Inside!&lt;br /&gt;[ &amp;nbsp;at top center, zoom - , zoom + ]&lt;br /&gt;front cover art by Becky Miller -- grieving mother hugs child,&lt;br /&gt;second page, While Science Sleeps art --&lt;br /&gt;depressed science collapsed helpless in bed&lt;br /&gt;as angel waits to offer shining knife of inquiry,&lt;br /&gt;about the author,&lt;br /&gt;table of contents 2 pages,&lt;br /&gt;1-6 start of text,&lt;br /&gt;try random surprise! samples: maybe&lt;br /&gt;25-26,&lt;br /&gt;31-35,&lt;br /&gt;161-164,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;217-221 index,&lt;br /&gt;rear cover with charts for USA aspartame sold vs&lt;br /&gt;Alzheimer's deaths ( grew 100 times 1981 to 2000 ) and&lt;br /&gt;autism cases ( grew 2,000 to 140,000 cases 1985 to 1996, adjusted to birth date )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;use the search box and enter "multiple sclerosis"&lt;br /&gt;to see a list of 71 results as page numbers and phrases,&lt;br /&gt;with blue color indicating full pages to read,&lt;br /&gt;for instance, Introduction iii-vi, 9-17, 20-21 --&lt;br /&gt;enough to learn quite a lot.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's really easy to get hooked !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amid health fears, Diet Coke sweetener [aspartame] in safety&lt;br /&gt;spotlight, Sean Poulter, UK Daily Mail 2011.05.27, 141 comments:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.05.30&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/05/amid-health-fears-diet-coke-sweetener.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1625&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame water in rats for 6 months causes liver harm,&lt;br /&gt;RH Nair et al, Mahatma Gandhi U, Food Chem Toxicol 2011.03.02:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.03.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1620&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376768&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Effect of long term intake of aspartame on antioxidant defense&lt;br /&gt;status in liver.&lt;br /&gt;Abhilash M, Paul MV, Varghese MV, Nair RH,&lt;br /&gt;School of Biosciences,&lt;br /&gt;Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560.&lt;br /&gt;harikumarannair@hotmail.com, harinair@fastmail.fm,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;careful expert lifetime study on mice shows liver and lung cancers&lt;br /&gt;from aspartame, M Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Institute, Italy, checked&lt;br /&gt;by US National Toxicology Program experts, confirms many&lt;br /&gt;previous studies from 2001 on: Rich Murray 2011.02.27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1619&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;re GC Ebers study, females harmed more by body making&lt;br /&gt;methanol into formaldehyde in brain via ADH enzyme:&lt;br /&gt;589 references, WC Monte, retired Prof. Nutrition:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.01.08&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1614&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame abstinance cures fibromyalgia chronic pain in 2 French&lt;br /&gt;adults: R Ciappuccini et al, Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010 Nov:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2010.02.19&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1617&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde from 0.2 mg daily methanol from aspartame in&lt;br /&gt;Singulair (montelukast) chewable asthma medicine causes severe&lt;br /&gt;allergic dermatitis in boy, SE Jacob et al, Pediatric Dermatology&lt;br /&gt;2009 Nov: Rich Murray 2010.09.27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1613&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/references/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;617. &amp;nbsp;Halldorsson T, Strøm M, Petersen S, Olsen S.&lt;br /&gt;Intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of preterm&lt;br /&gt;delivery: a prospective cohort study of 59,334 Danish pregnant women.&lt;br /&gt;Am J Clin Nutr Doi:10.3945/Ajcn.2009.28968 2010. &amp;nbsp;full &amp;nbsp;text PDF&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners (aspartame), methanol (becomes formaldehyde), and premature&lt;br /&gt;babies in Denmark, TI Halldorsson et al 2010.06.30 AmJClinNutr: Erik&lt;br /&gt;Millstone: Betty Martini: Rich Murray 2010.07.08&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/07/sweeteners-aspartame-methanol-becomes.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1609&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print] 8 pages&lt;br /&gt;Intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of preterm&lt;br /&gt;delivery: a prospective cohort study of 59,334 Danish&lt;br /&gt;pregnant women.&lt;br /&gt;Halldorsson TI, lur@ssi.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Strøm M, mrm@ssi.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Petersen SB, marp@sund.ku.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Olsen SF. sfolsen@hsph.harvard.edu;&lt;br /&gt;Centre for Fetal Programming, Division of Epidemiology,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Reykjavik,&lt;br /&gt;Iceland.&lt;br /&gt;Thorhallur I Halldorsson,&lt;br /&gt;Marin Strøm,&lt;br /&gt;Sesilje B Petersen,&lt;br /&gt;and Sjurdur F Olsen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;br /&gt;Sugar-sweetened soft drinks have been linked to a number&lt;br /&gt;of adverse health outcomes such as high weight gain.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, artificially sweetened soft drinks are often&lt;br /&gt;promoted as an alternative.&lt;br /&gt;However, the safety of artificial sweeteners has been&lt;br /&gt;disputed, and consequences of high intakes of artificial&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners for pregnant women have been minimally&lt;br /&gt;addressed.&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;br /&gt;We examined the association between intakes of&lt;br /&gt;sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks&lt;br /&gt;and preterm delivery.&lt;br /&gt;DESIGN:&lt;br /&gt;We conducted prospective cohort analyses of 59,334&lt;br /&gt;women from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002).&lt;br /&gt;Soft drink intake was assessed in midpregnancy by using a&lt;br /&gt;food-frequency questionnaire.&lt;br /&gt;Preterm delivery (&amp;lt;37 wk) was the primary outcome measure.&lt;br /&gt;Covariate information was assessed by telephone interviews.&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS:&lt;br /&gt;There was an association between intake of artificially&lt;br /&gt;sweetened carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and an increased&lt;br /&gt;risk of preterm delivery (P for trend: &amp;nbsp;0.001, both variables).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In comparison with women with no intake of artificially&lt;br /&gt;sweetened carbonated soft drinks,&lt;br /&gt;the adjusted odds ratio for women who consumed &amp;nbsp;1 to 3&lt;br /&gt;serving of artificially sweetened carbonated&lt;br /&gt;soft drinks/d was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.65).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The corresponding odds ratio for women who consumed &amp;nbsp;4 to more&lt;br /&gt;servings of artificially sweetened carbonated&lt;br /&gt;soft drinks/d was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.66).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The association was observed for normal-weight and&lt;br /&gt;overweight women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A stronger increase in risk was observed for early preterm&lt;br /&gt;and moderately preterm delivery than with late-preterm&lt;br /&gt;delivery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No association was observed for sugar-sweetened&lt;br /&gt;carbonated soft drinks (P for trend: 0.29)&lt;br /&gt;or for sugar-sweetened noncarbonated soft drinks&lt;br /&gt;(P for trend: 0.93).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;br /&gt;Daily intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks may increase&lt;br /&gt;the risk of preterm delivery.&lt;br /&gt;Further studies are needed to reject or confirm these findings.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 20592133&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. From the Centre for Fetal Programming,&lt;br /&gt;Division of Epidemiology,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark&lt;br /&gt;(TIH, MS, SBP, and SFO);&lt;br /&gt;the Unit for Nutrition Research,&lt;br /&gt;Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland (TIH),&lt;br /&gt;Reykjavik, Iceland;&lt;br /&gt;and the Department of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA (SFO).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2 Supported by the European Union (EU)&lt;br /&gt;Integrated Research Project&lt;br /&gt;EARNEST (FOOD-CT-2005-007036).&lt;br /&gt;The EU project EARNEST&lt;br /&gt;http://www.metabolic-programming.org receives financial&lt;br /&gt;support from the Commission&lt;br /&gt;of the European Communities under the FP 6 priority 5:&lt;br /&gt;food quality and safety.&lt;br /&gt;The Danish National Birth Cohort has been financed by the&lt;br /&gt;March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation,&lt;br /&gt;the Danish Heart Association,&lt;br /&gt;the Danish Medical Research Council,&lt;br /&gt;and the Sygekassernes Helsefond,&lt;br /&gt;Danish National Research Foundation,&lt;br /&gt;Danish Pharmaceutical Association,&lt;br /&gt;Ministry of Health, National Board of Health,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3 Address correspondence to TI Halldorsson,&lt;br /&gt;Centre for Fetal Programming,&lt;br /&gt;Division of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut,&lt;br /&gt;Artillerivej 5, Building 206, DK-2300&lt;br /&gt;Copenhagen S, Denmark. E-mail: lur@ssi.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Received November 19, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;Accepted for publication June 3, 2010.&lt;br /&gt;doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28968.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of the 59,334 pregnant women,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;over 4 artificially sweetened&lt;br /&gt;carbonated soft drinks daily __ 340 0.6 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;noncarbonated soft drinks __ 1,753 3.0 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2-3 cans daily artificially&lt;br /&gt;carbonated _______________ 834 1.4 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;noncarbonated ___________ 3,643 6.1 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, over 3% of pregnant women in 1996-2002&lt;br /&gt;used 4 or more artificially sweetened soft drinks daily,&lt;br /&gt;while over 6 % had 2-3 drinks daily.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This does not include aspartame from other foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"A monitoring survey from 2005 quantified artificial&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners in 76 soft drinks from the Danish market (30).&lt;br /&gt;For carbonated soft drinks, aspartame and&lt;br /&gt;acesulfame-K were primarily used in products from the&lt;br /&gt;major international brands, and the average concentration of&lt;br /&gt;these 2 sweeteners was around 2--3-fold higher&lt;br /&gt;in carbonated than in noncarbonated soft drinks (30)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"After ingestion, aspartame is broken down into aspartic acid,&lt;br /&gt;phenylalanine, and methanol.&lt;br /&gt;Methanol is oxidized into formaldehyde and then to&lt;br /&gt;formic acid, which is considered responsible&lt;br /&gt;for the toxic effects of methanol.&lt;br /&gt;Despite arguments that aspartame intake should not affect&lt;br /&gt;blood methanol concentrations (34), animal studies have&lt;br /&gt;reported the accumulation of formaldehyde adducts derived&lt;br /&gt;from aspartame in tissue components (22).&lt;br /&gt;This might be one explaining factor for reports on headaches&lt;br /&gt;linked to the intake of aspartame (10).&lt;br /&gt;More relevant to our findings, a study in low dose methanol&lt;br /&gt;exposure through inhalation in nonhuman primates observed&lt;br /&gt;a significant decrease in the length of gestation in exposed&lt;br /&gt;animals compared with control animals (21).&lt;br /&gt;A shortening of gestation was even observed at methanol&lt;br /&gt;vapor concentrations that barely affected blood methanol&lt;br /&gt;concentrations in these animals (200 ppm; 2.5 h/d).&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, 5 out of 28 exposed animals needed medical&lt;br /&gt;intervention and were delivered by cesarean delivery either&lt;br /&gt;because of vaginal bleeding (n = 4) or unproductive labor&lt;br /&gt;(n = 1).&lt;br /&gt;None of the 9 control animals required cesarean delivery.&lt;br /&gt;The authors suggested that the observed shortening of&lt;br /&gt;gestation could either be related to the effects of methanol&lt;br /&gt;on the fetal neuroendocrine system&lt;br /&gt;(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) or an indirect&lt;br /&gt;action of methanol on the maternal uterine environment.&lt;br /&gt;The latter explanation would be more compatible with our&lt;br /&gt;findings of an increased risk of medically induced preterm&lt;br /&gt;deliveries."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;589 references -- click on each title for free full pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references/pdf/7&lt;br /&gt;22. Trocho C. Pardo R. Fafecas I. Virgili J. Remesar X.&lt;br /&gt;Fernandez-Lopez. J;&lt;br /&gt;"A.1998. Formaldehyde derived from dietary aspartame&lt;br /&gt;binds to tissue components in vivo", Life Sci 63: 337&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references/pdf/538&lt;br /&gt;21. Burbacher T, Grant K, Shen D, Sheppard L,&lt;br /&gt;Damian D, Ellis S, et al.; 2004. tmb@u.washington.edu;&lt;br /&gt;"Chronic maternal methanol inhalation in nonhuman primates&lt;br /&gt;(Macaca fascicularis): reproductive performance and&lt;br /&gt;birth outcome.", Neurotoxicol Teratol 26(5):639-50&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references/pdf/328&lt;br /&gt;10. Jacob SE. Stechschulte S.; 2008&lt;br /&gt;"Formaldehyde, aspartame, and migraines:&lt;br /&gt;a possible connection", Dermatitis 19(3):E10-1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references/pdf/544&lt;br /&gt;Abegaz E, Bursey R.; 2009.&lt;br /&gt;"Formaldehyde, aspartame, migraines: a possible connection.&lt;br /&gt;(comment on).", Dermatitis 20(3):176-7.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references/pdf/543&lt;br /&gt;Stechschulte S, Jacob S.; 2009.&lt;br /&gt;"Formaldehyde, aspartame, migraines: a possible connection.&lt;br /&gt;(author reply).", Dermatitis 20(3):177-9.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;----- Original Message -----&lt;br /&gt;From: "Dr. Betty Martini,D.Hum."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To:&lt;br /&gt;Sent: Thursday, July 08, 2010 11:19 AM&lt;br /&gt;Subject: Fwd: Sweeteners, methanol and&lt;br /&gt;premature deliveries - new study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Erik,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you so much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, fetal tissue does not tolerate methanol and&lt;br /&gt;aspartame triggers birth defects and mental retardation.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.rense.com/general/asp.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interestingly, in restaurants so many times you see these&lt;br /&gt;signs, "If you're pregnant, don't use alcohol -- can cause birth&lt;br /&gt;defects".&lt;br /&gt;If just alcohol is known to cause birth defects, anyone of&lt;br /&gt;intelligence knows that methanol or wood alcohol, a severe&lt;br /&gt;metabolic poison, would be worse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then you have the phenylalanine&lt;br /&gt;www.mpwhi.com/louis_elsas_testifying_to_congress.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, government agencies refuse to put a warning for&lt;br /&gt;pregnant women.&lt;br /&gt;There is only a PKU warning.&lt;br /&gt;Big Pharma still runs government agencies.&lt;br /&gt;I remember about 15 years ago I spoke with somebody&lt;br /&gt;who worked for Monsanto and was told one of their people&lt;br /&gt;said, "When we say something the FDA jumps. They do&lt;br /&gt;what we say!"&lt;br /&gt;So innocent babies are born autistic, with Tourettes, mentally&lt;br /&gt;retarded and more, because the FDA are cowards,&lt;br /&gt;and the manufacturers are criminals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Glad to see this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All my best, Betty&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.mpwhi.com&lt;br /&gt;www.dorway.com&lt;br /&gt;www.wnho.net&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame Toxicity Center www.holisticmed.com/aspartame&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Subject: Sweeteners, menthanol and premature deliveries&lt;br /&gt;Originator-Info: login-id=mhfa1; server=mail.sussex.ac.uk;&lt;br /&gt;token_authority=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/its/help/support.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Jim and colleagues&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please find attached a copy of a paper that has just come out&lt;br /&gt;in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.&lt;br /&gt;It is a huge study of Danish women, indicating that women&lt;br /&gt;who consumed artificially sweetened beverages were&lt;br /&gt;significantly more likely than women who consumed&lt;br /&gt;sugar-sweetened to have premature deliveries of their&lt;br /&gt;babies.&lt;br /&gt;You will be interested in particular because they suggest&lt;br /&gt;that methanol may be implicated in an underlying mechanism&lt;br /&gt;This may therefore be grist to your mill,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;with best wishes from Erik&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prof Erik Millstone&lt;br /&gt;SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research&lt;br /&gt;Freeman Centre&lt;br /&gt;University of Sussex&lt;br /&gt;Brighton BN1 9QE, ENGLAND&lt;br /&gt;Phone &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +44 (0)1273 877380 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See 'Can Science and Politics help keep each other honest?'&lt;br /&gt;Professorial Lecture 11 May 2010,&lt;br /&gt;available at&lt;br /&gt;See recent Professorial Lecture at the University of Sussex on&lt;br /&gt;'Can Science and Politics help keep each other honest?',&lt;br /&gt;11 May 2010 available at&lt;br /&gt;www.sussex.ac.uk/newsandevents/sussexlectures/2010.php&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Adequate folic acid protects most mothers from having&lt;br /&gt;children with birth defects from methanol and&lt;br /&gt;its products in their bodies, formaldehyde and formic acid. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Food Nutr Bull. 2008 Jun;29(2 Suppl):S205-9.&lt;br /&gt;Folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects:&lt;br /&gt;the Danish experience.&lt;br /&gt;Olsen SF, Knudsen VK.&lt;br /&gt;Maternal Nutrition Group, Division of Epidemiology,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.&lt;br /&gt;sfolsen@hsph.harvard.edu;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence from controlled trials suggests that ingestion of&lt;br /&gt;0.4 mg of folic acid per day in the periconceptional period&lt;br /&gt;is effective in preventing neural tube defects (NTD).&lt;br /&gt;For this reason, most countries recommend that women&lt;br /&gt;planning pregnancy take folic acid supplements in the&lt;br /&gt;periconceptional period, and some countries even fortify&lt;br /&gt;stable foods with folic acid.&lt;br /&gt;Denmark exemplifies a country with a relatively conservative&lt;br /&gt;attitude with respect to taking action in these matters.&lt;br /&gt;In 1999, a national information campaign was launched that&lt;br /&gt;recommended women planning pregnancy take 0.4 mg of&lt;br /&gt;folic acid periconceptionally, but with the moderation that&lt;br /&gt;women who eat a healthy diet do not need to take folic acid&lt;br /&gt;supplement.&lt;br /&gt;The campaign was repeated during 2001.&lt;br /&gt;The results of the latter campaign were evaluated by using&lt;br /&gt;data from a national survey among pregnant women&lt;br /&gt;conducted simultaneously with the campaign by the&lt;br /&gt;Danish National Birth Cohort.&lt;br /&gt;An increase in the proportion of folic acid users took place&lt;br /&gt;concomitantly with the launching of the information events,&lt;br /&gt;but the increase was limited.&lt;br /&gt;Among women who did not plan their pregnancy, a small&lt;br /&gt;proportion had taken folic acid supplements&lt;br /&gt;periconceptionally, and this proportion did not change&lt;br /&gt;concomitantly with the campaign.&lt;br /&gt;Young age and low education were factors associated&lt;br /&gt;with low likelihood of taking folic acid.&lt;br /&gt;It seems that different and more efficient actions are&lt;br /&gt;needed if a more substantial proportion of Danish women&lt;br /&gt;and their fetuses are going to benefit from the knowledge&lt;br /&gt;that folic acid supplementation in the periconceptional&lt;br /&gt;period can prevent NTD.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 18709894&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray,&lt;br /&gt;MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964 history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;254-A Donax Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 91932&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com&lt;br /&gt;new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 120 members, 1,631 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 1,235 members, 24,405 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-7167718627514125994?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/7167718627514125994/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=7167718627514125994' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/7167718627514125994'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/7167718627514125994'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-book-concise-opus-while-science.html' title='new book, concise opus &quot;While Science Sleeps&quot; life saving facts re aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde) -- 740 full text references are free online -- Woodrow &quot;Woody&quot; C. Monte, retired Prof. of Nutrition, Arizona State University: Rich Murray 2012.01.03'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-2235987470661724677</id><published>2011-11-02T23:49:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-11-03T09:00:38.271-06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='methanol'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aspartame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formaldehyde'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Woodrow Monte'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='aspartameNM'/><title type='text'>Fwd: Aspartame Submission from Prof. Woodrow C. Monte to EFSA:  While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills 241 p  -- Ch 12   Autism and other Birth Defects  26 p -- 740 references full pdfs: Rich Murray 2011.11.03</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="ii gt" id=":46d" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 20px; position: relative; z-index: 2;"&gt;&lt;div id=":3v1"&gt;Fwd: Aspartame Submission from Prof. Woodrow C. Monte to EFSA: &amp;nbsp;While&lt;br /&gt;Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills 241 p &amp;nbsp;-- Ch 12 &amp;nbsp; Autism and other&lt;br /&gt;Birth Defects &amp;nbsp;26 p -- 740 references full pdfs: Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;2011.11.03&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/11/fwd-aspartame-submission-from-prof.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/11/fwd-aspartame-submission-from-prof.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1629" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1629&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Chapter 12 of the book "While Science Sleeps"&lt;br /&gt;A compelling must read full of shocking facts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;---------- Forwarded message ----------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From: Woodrow Monte &amp;lt;;&lt;a href="mailto:woodymonte@gmail.com" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;woodymonte@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: Wed, Nov 2, 2011 at 8:17 PM&lt;br /&gt;Subject: Aspartame Submission from Professor Woodrow Monte&lt;br /&gt;To:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="mailto:maud.paques@efsa.europa.eu" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;maud.paques@efsa.europa.eu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cc:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="mailto:Hugues.KENIGSWALD@efsa.europa.eu" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;Hugues.KENIGSWALD@efsa.europa.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;eu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hugues Kenigswald, Chief&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3 November 2011&lt;br /&gt;Food Additive and Nutrient Division&lt;br /&gt;European Food Safety Authority&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Kenigswald:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Please consider this a response to your letter of October&lt;br /&gt;14th to Rich Murray requesting my work by November 5th.&amp;nbsp; This is also&lt;br /&gt;a continuation of my official submission to the EFSA call for data on&lt;br /&gt;aspartame on the 7th of July, 2011.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I explicitly give EFSA permission to exchange the book&lt;br /&gt;chapter I attach to this email with the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee&lt;br /&gt;on Food&amp;nbsp;Additives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; This is my work, I am the author and I own the copyright&lt;br /&gt;to the work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; My concern about the safety of aspartame centers on its&lt;br /&gt;11% methanol content. My reservation about its safety has only&lt;br /&gt;deepened over the twenty five years since my first scientific&lt;br /&gt;publication questioning its safety in the Journal of Applied Nutrition&lt;br /&gt;(previously sent to Sandra Adedapo).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Every molecule of aspartame liberates a molecule of&lt;br /&gt;methanol on consumption and each molecule of methanol metabolizes into&lt;br /&gt;a molecule of formaldehyde within the brain and other vulnerable&lt;br /&gt;tissue of the unsuspecting consumer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Formaldehyde is now universally classified as a known&lt;br /&gt;human carcinogen with no safe level of consumption.&amp;nbsp; The health threat&lt;br /&gt;is magnified when this highly reactive substance is produced within&lt;br /&gt;the body from methanol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; My recent scientific article explains in detail the&lt;br /&gt;premise by which methanol may act as a etiologic agent of&lt;br /&gt;disease.(586)*&amp;nbsp; The reference numbering of this version of my article&lt;br /&gt;can be used on the reference section of my website,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/&lt;/a&gt;, to easily retrieve original&lt;br /&gt;references where needed for elucidation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I am in press of a review of the entire body of methanol&lt;br /&gt;literature as pertinent to aspartame poisoning in a book entitled&lt;br /&gt;While Science Sleeps. The book will be available on Amazon.com very&lt;br /&gt;soon. I recommend it to your committee as a thorough review of the&lt;br /&gt;methanol literature by a food scientist who has never been a&lt;br /&gt;consultant to the industry that profits from the sweetener.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The recent controversial admission by the U. S.&lt;br /&gt;Environmental Protection Agency that “methanol is a possible cause of&lt;br /&gt;developmental birth defects”(627) and the recent release (this year)&lt;br /&gt;of an internal U.S. FDA memo(677) pointing to aspartame as having&lt;br /&gt;caused birth defects in laboratory animals are significant evidence to&lt;br /&gt;suspect aspartame as the cause of the 25-year-old epidemic of autism,&lt;br /&gt;whose point of origin appears to coincide to within one gestational&lt;br /&gt;period of the date of aspartame’s addition to carbonated beverages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I have attached a prepublication copy of Chapter 12 of my&lt;br /&gt;book, While Science Sleeps, that deals with autism and aspartame in&lt;br /&gt;order to expedite your committee’s reevaluation of the safety of this&lt;br /&gt;substance.&amp;nbsp; I ask that any use of the material herein be sourced to my&lt;br /&gt;in press book, While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills, by Woodrow C.&lt;br /&gt;Monte, Ph.D.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; If I can do anything further to help in your review,&lt;br /&gt;please let me know.&amp;nbsp; In the recent past, I have registered with Sandra&lt;br /&gt;Adedapo of your staff and sent her other information that I hope will&lt;br /&gt;be helpful.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kindest regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C. Monte, Ph.D -&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="mailto:woodymonte@gmail.com" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;woodymonte@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Emeritus Professor of Food Science - Arizona State University&lt;br /&gt;3575 Rocky Creek OR USA - Phone&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_container" dir="ltr" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-position: 0px 0px !important; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-top-style: none !important; 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cursor: pointer !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: 14px !important; left: auto !important; letter-spacing: 0px !important; list-style-image: none !important; list-style-position: outside !important; list-style-type: disc !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 5px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; page-break-after: auto !important; page-break-before: auto !important; page-break-inside: auto !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; table-layout: auto !important; text-decoration: none !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; word-spacing: normal !important; z-index: 0 !important;"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_print_container_1320157210"&gt;001-541-765-7745&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_container" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_mark"&gt; begin_of_the_skype_highlighting&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_highlighting_inactive_common" dir="ltr" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Call this phone number in United States of America with Skype: +15417657745"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_left_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Skype actions"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_dropart_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Skype actions"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_dropart_flag_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" style="background-position: -5849px 1px !important;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_textarea_span"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_text_span"&gt;001-541-765-7745&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_right_span"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_mark"&gt;end_of_the_skype_highlighting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_right_span" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: url(chrome-extension://lifbcibllhkdhoafpjfnlhfpfgnpldfl/numbers_common_inactive_icon_set.gif) !important; background-position: -62px 0px !important; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-collapse: separate !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; clear: none !important; clip: auto !important; cursor: pointer !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; height: 14px !important; left: auto !important; letter-spacing: 0px !important; list-style-image: none !important; list-style-position: outside !important; list-style-type: disc !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; overflow-x: hidden !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; page-break-after: auto !important; page-break-before: auto !important; page-break-inside: auto !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; table-layout: auto !important; text-decoration: none !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 15px !important; word-spacing: normal !important; z-index: 0 !important;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* All references from submitted Chapter 12 of While Science Sleeps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wh i l e S c i e n c e S l e e p s © W. M o n t e ( P r e p u b l i c&lt;br /&gt;a t i o n ) P a g e | 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reproduction with permission only -&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/contact/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/contact/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;P a g e | 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table of Contents&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I A Time When All the Easy Questions Have Been Answered 7&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II Methanol: Where Is It Found? How Can It Be Avoided? 20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III Man And Methanol: A Tragic History of Mutation and Deceit 27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IV Formaldehyde Is The Real Problem 44&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;V The Silent Battle That Turns Methanol Into Disease 64&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VI How Methanol Kills 73&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VII Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease) 94&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VIII Alzheimer's Disease and its Perivascular Nature 122&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IX Multiple Sclerosis 136&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;X Classic Autoimmune Diseases Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis 184&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;XI Cancers of Aspartame 194&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;XII Autism and other Birth Defects 216 [ 27 p ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bibliography 242&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/references/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/references/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;740 full text pdfs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/pdf/1.pdf" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/pdf/1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1) Monte WC. Aspartame; Methanol and the Public Health. Journal of&lt;br /&gt;Applied Nutrition 1984;36(1):42-58.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/pdf/627.pdf" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/pdf/627.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(627) Shelby M. NTP-CERHR Expert Panel report on the reproductive and&lt;br /&gt;developmental toxicity of methanol. Reproductive Toxicology&lt;br /&gt;2004;18:303-90.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/pdf/677.pdf" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/pdf/677.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(677) Collins TFX. Memorandum: Aspartame shown to cause nural tube&lt;br /&gt;birth defects in the New Zealand rabit, an animal very resistant to&lt;br /&gt;methanol poisoning. Freedom of information: Department of Health&lt;br /&gt;Education and Welfare, Food and Drug Administration; 1978.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A very important message to the European Food Safety Authority&lt;br /&gt;Link below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/open-letter-to-hugues-kenigswald/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/open-letter-to-hugues-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;kenigswald/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Read the open letter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/While%20Science%20Sleeps%&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;20-%20Chapter%2012%20(ref).pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Download Chapter 12 of the book "While Science Sleeps"&lt;br /&gt;A compelling must read full of shocking facts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 12 Slideshow for Download [ 5 MB ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/files/Chapter%2012%20Birth%20Defects%20caused%20by%20Aspartame.ppt" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/files/Chapter%2012%&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;20Birth%20Defects%20caused%&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;20by%20Aspartame.ppt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Birth Defects caused by Aspartame&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Open Letter to European F. S. A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/multiple-sclerosis/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/multiple-sclerosis/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 9 Slideshow 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/the-teachers-paradigm/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/the-teachers-paradigm/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 9 Slideshow 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.whilesciencesleeps.com/birth-defects-caused-by-aspartame/" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.whilesciencesleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/birth-defects-caused-by-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;aspartame/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chapter 12 Slideshow&lt;br /&gt;Birth Defects caused by Aspartame&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Solving-Mystery-Multiple-Sclerosis-Poisoning/dp/B003L783I0/ref=rsl_mainw_dpl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;m=ATVPDKIKX0DER" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.amazon.com/Solving-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;Mystery-Multiple-Sclerosis-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;Poisoning/dp/B003L783I0/ref=&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;rsl_mainw_dpl?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;m=&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;ATVPDKIKX0DER&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr Monte's DVD on Amazon.com &amp;nbsp;$ 15&lt;br /&gt;Solving the Mystery of Multiple Sclerosis: Is Your Diet Secretly Poisoning You?&lt;br /&gt;______________________________&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is indeed 11% methanol (wood alcohol), which the human body&lt;br /&gt;quickly turns into formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme, concentrated in&lt;br /&gt;many tissues: Rich Murray 2011.11.02&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is indeed 11% methanol (wood alcohol), which the human body&lt;br /&gt;quickly turns into formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme, concentrated in&lt;br /&gt;many tissues: liver, kidney, brain, retina, skin, prostate, breast,&lt;br /&gt;womb, muscle -- forming cumulative micro lesions and a wide variety of&lt;br /&gt;symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other methanol (formaldehyde) sources include wood and tobacco smoke,&lt;br /&gt;dark wines and liquors, fruits and vegetables heated in sealed metal&lt;br /&gt;and glass containers, and aspartame, as well as a variety of products&lt;br /&gt;ranging from medicines to new carpet, drapes, and furniture to mobile&lt;br /&gt;homes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;People vary enormously in individual vulnerability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Folic acid can protect many people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://while-science-sleeps.com/references/pdf/586" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;while-science-sleeps.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;references/pdf/586&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prof. (retired) Woodrow C. Monte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amid health fears, Diet Coke sweetener [aspartame] in safety&lt;br /&gt;spotlight, Sean Poulter, UK Daily Mail 2011.05.27, 141 comments:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.05.30&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/05/amid-health-fears-diet-coke-sweetener.html" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011/05/amid-health-fears-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;diet-coke-sweetener.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1625" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1625&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;______________________________&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1391395/Amid-health-fears-Diet-Coke-sweetner-safety-spotlight.html" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;health/article-1391395/Amid-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;health-fears-Diet-Coke-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;sweetner-safety-spotlight.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amid health fears, Diet Coke sweetener in safety spotlight&lt;br /&gt;By Sean Poulter&lt;br /&gt;Last updated at 11:24 AM on 27th May 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A sweetener used in Diet Coke is to undergo a safety review over fears&lt;br /&gt;that it has harmful effects on human health&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An artificial sweetener used in Diet Coke is to undergo an urgent EU&lt;br /&gt;safety review.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is ingested every day by millions of people around the world&lt;br /&gt;in more than 6,000 well-known brands of food, drink &amp;nbsp;and medicine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, it has been the subject of a number of studies that appear to&lt;br /&gt;show harmful effects on human health.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One recent study linked diet drinks containing aspartame to premature&lt;br /&gt;births, while another suggested it could cause cancer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To date, health watchdogs, including the European Food Safety&lt;br /&gt;Authority (EFSA) and the UK’s Food Standards Agency (FSA), have ruled&lt;br /&gt;out any link to ill-health.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But after several MEPs asked for a new investigation following&lt;br /&gt;pressure from European health campaigners, EU Commission officials&lt;br /&gt;have now asked the EFSA to bring forward a review that had been&lt;br /&gt;planned for 2020.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The concern about artificial sweeteners such as aspartame relates to&lt;br /&gt;the fact that they contain methanol, a nerve toxin which can be&lt;br /&gt;metabolised in the body to form two more nerve toxins: formic acid and&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, the chemical used to preserve dead bodies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Earlier this year, experts on Britain’s Committee on Toxicity(CoT)&lt;br /&gt;ruled that ‘long-term exposure to methanol consumed through food,&lt;br /&gt;including from aspartame, is unlikely to be harmful to health’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The committee pointed out that methanol is also found in fruit and vegetables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result of the experts’ conclusions, the FSA ruled the consumption&lt;br /&gt;of aspartame ‘is not of concern at the current levels of use’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite this verdict, the FSA is currently recruiting volunteers for&lt;br /&gt;an investigation into anecdotal reports of ill health, including&lt;br /&gt;headaches and stomach upsets, associated with aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The watchdog announced the research project in 2009, however it has&lt;br /&gt;had difficulties recruiting volunteers who claim to suffer problems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EFSA spokesman, Lucia De Luca, said: ‘Aspartame is one of hundreds of&lt;br /&gt;flavourings. It is on the market because it has been assessed in the&lt;br /&gt;past and considered safe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘We have received an official request for a complete re-evaluation of&lt;br /&gt;the safety of aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘The re-evaluation is scheduled for 2020 but the Commission asked us&lt;br /&gt;to do this re-evaluation now in the light of recent events.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A study last year of 60,000 mothers-to be found a correlation between&lt;br /&gt;the amount of diet drink consumed and an early birth&lt;br /&gt;‘In the past year, there have been a couple of studies looking at&lt;br /&gt;aspartame and concerns expressed by consumer groups and others.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In July last year, EU-funded research by Danish scientists, which&lt;br /&gt;looked at almost 60,000 mothers-to-be, found a correlation between the&lt;br /&gt;amount of diet drink consumed and an early birth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Previously, the Independent Ramazzini Foundation in Italy has&lt;br /&gt;published research suggesting aspartame caused several types of cancer&lt;br /&gt;in rats at doses very close to the current acceptable daily intake for&lt;br /&gt;humans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both of these have been evaluated by EFSA experts, who have rejected&lt;br /&gt;any risk to human health.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is manufactured by Ajinomoto Sweeteners Europe. The firm&lt;br /&gt;said it welcomes the decision to bring forward the safety evaluation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A spokesman said: ‘EFSA reaffirmed the safety of aspartame in 2006,&lt;br /&gt;2009 and 2010. In addition, recent allegations about the safety of&lt;br /&gt;aspartame made in France and by a handful of MEPs have already been&lt;br /&gt;dismissed by EFSA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘This review of the extensive body of science on aspartame will&lt;br /&gt;provide additional confirmation of the ingredient’s safety.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘By providing an excellent sweet taste, aspartame makes a useful&lt;br /&gt;contribution to a healthy, calorie-controlled diet and can help people&lt;br /&gt;to avoid overweight and obesity, and their associated diseases.’&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comments (141)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is indeed 11% methanol (wood alcohol), which the human body&lt;br /&gt;quickly turns into formaldehyde via the ADH enzyme, concentrated in&lt;br /&gt;many tissues: liver, kidney, brain, retina, skin, prostate, breast,&lt;br /&gt;womb, muscle -- forming cumulative micro lesions and a wide variety of&lt;br /&gt;symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other methanol (formaldehyde) sources include wood and tobacco smoke,&lt;br /&gt;dark wines and liquors, fruits and vegetables heated in sealed metal&lt;br /&gt;and glass containers, and aspartame, as well as a variety of products&lt;br /&gt;ranging from medicines to new carpet, drapes, and furniture to mobile&lt;br /&gt;homes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;People vary enormously in individual vulnerability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Folic acid can protect many people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://while-science-sleeps.com/references/pdf/586" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;while-science-sleeps.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;references/pdf/586&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prof. (retired) Woodrow C. Monte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Rich Murray, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 30/5/2011 07:04&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I thought this was common knowledge? It still shocks me to see the&lt;br /&gt;amount of overweight kids drinking diet soft drink in the mistaken&lt;br /&gt;idea that adding aspartame to their diet is preferable to more sugar -&lt;br /&gt;doesn't help them lose weight though does it? Diet coke with their Big&lt;br /&gt;Mac meal?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- kiwi abroad, Ireland, 28/5/2011 23:35&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Watch "the Truth about Aspartame" by Dr Russell Blaylock.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Alan, Durham, 28/5/2011 22:09&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know, I know, I wear a tin foil hat but any one noticing that&lt;br /&gt;conspiracy theorists are being proved right more and more? Rumsfeld's&lt;br /&gt;disease has been known about for years.That's why the food companies&lt;br /&gt;changed the labelling to "natural flavors" I guess something produced&lt;br /&gt;from e coli bacteria's excrement is natural. Btw DM, I'm intigued to&lt;br /&gt;know why your article reporting that GMO toxins have been found in 93%&lt;br /&gt;of unborns only stayed up for a couple of hours. Yes it is still&lt;br /&gt;searchable on site, but you would only search for it if you knew it&lt;br /&gt;was there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- tom bowden, perth australia, 28/5/2011 17:36&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's a choice but the facts have been around for years, I would never&lt;br /&gt;buy food that has any artificial ingredients in but it's up to the&lt;br /&gt;individual.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- quarrybanksurfer, Scotland, 28/5/2011 15:13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'EFSA spokesman, Lucia De Luca, said: "Aspartame is one of hundreds of&lt;br /&gt;flavourings. It is on the market because it has been assessed in the&lt;br /&gt;past and considered safe".' We are dealing with some tricky little&lt;br /&gt;monkeys are we not? It took them years in the US to have this&lt;br /&gt;flavouring legalised and it was done in very murky circumstances with&lt;br /&gt;the help of Donald Rumsfeld who, had an interest in the corporation&lt;br /&gt;that used it. The FSA is not here to look after your health, it is&lt;br /&gt;here to make sure corporations maintain and increase profit. It is&lt;br /&gt;frustrating that we seem to take backward steps all the time on this&lt;br /&gt;sort of issue, indecently propelled by the Agri-corp shill SSEFRA C&lt;br /&gt;Spelman MP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Bob, Leeds UK, 28/5/2011 14:22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and&lt;br /&gt;do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline.&lt;br /&gt;Published by Associated Newspapers Ltd&lt;br /&gt;Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday &amp;amp; Metro Media Group&lt;br /&gt;© Associated Newspapers Ltd&lt;br /&gt;______________________________&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Re;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sweeteners.org/Pdf/conferenceBrochure.pdf" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.sweeteners.org/Pdf/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;conferenceBrochure.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;International Sweeteners Association&lt;br /&gt;LOW CALORIE FOODS, BEVERAGES AND SWEETENERS&lt;br /&gt;CAN THEY REALLY CONTRIBUTE TO A HEALTHIER FUTURE?&lt;br /&gt;Bibliothèque Solvay, Brussels&lt;br /&gt;19 May 2011 09.00 - 17.00&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame, acesulfame K, saccharin, fructose each "caused accelerated&lt;br /&gt;senescence in human dermal fibroblasts" (re metabolic syndrome and&lt;br /&gt;diabetes), Kyung-Hyun Cho et al, Yeungnam University, Korea, Mol&lt;br /&gt;Cells. 2011 Apr 21: Rich Murray 2011.05.21&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011_05_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, May 21, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1624" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1624&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame doubts aired by EU MPs Corinne Lepage and Antonyia Parvanova&lt;br /&gt;-- EFSA National Experts agreed that "there should be more clarity&lt;br /&gt;about the metabolism of aspartame": Rich Murray 2011.04.24&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011_04_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, April 24, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1621" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1621&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame water in rats for 6 months causes liver harm, RH Nair et al,&lt;br /&gt;Mahatma Gandhi U, Food Chem Toxicol 2011.03.02: Rich Murray 2011.03.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_03_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011_03_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, March 12, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1620" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1620&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376768" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;pubmed/21376768&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Effect of long term intake of aspartame on antioxidant defense status in liver.&lt;br /&gt;Abhilash M, Paul MV, Varghese MV, Nair RH.&lt;br /&gt;School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University,&lt;br /&gt;Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:harikumarannair@hotmail.com" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;harikumarannair@hotmail.com&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="mailto:harinair@fastmail.fm" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;harinair@fastmail.fm&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;careful expert lifetime study on mice shows liver and lung cancers&lt;br /&gt;from aspartame, M Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Institute, Italy, checked&lt;br /&gt;by US National Toxicology Program experts, confirms many previous&lt;br /&gt;studies from 2001 on: Rich Murray 2011.02.27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011_02_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, February 27, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1619" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1619&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;re GC Ebers study, females harmed more by body making methanol into&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde in brain via ADH enzyme: 589 references, WC Monte,&lt;br /&gt;retired Prof. Nutrition: Rich Murray 2011.01.08&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011_01_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, January 8, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1614" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1614&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C Monte, PhD, Emiritus Prof. Nutrition gives many PDFs of&lt;br /&gt;reseach -- methanol (11% of aspartame) puts formaldehyde into brain&lt;br /&gt;and body -- multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, cancers, birth defects,&lt;br /&gt;headaches: Rich Murray 2010.05.13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2010_05_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thursday, May 13, 2010&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1601" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1601&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Other formaldehyde sources include alcohol drinks and&lt;br /&gt;tobacco and wood smoke,&lt;br /&gt;while adequate folic acid levels protect most people. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://whilesciencesleeps.com/about" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;about&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://while-science-sleeps.com/references/pdf/586" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://while-science-sleeps.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/references/pdf/586&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ summary, not peer reviewed ]&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;Methanol: A chemical Trojan horse as the root of the inscrutable U.&lt;br /&gt;Medical Hypotheses 2010;74(3):493-6&lt;br /&gt;DOI 2010.10.16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;Bittersweet: Aspartame Breast Cancer Link.&lt;br /&gt;Fitness Life 2008 Jan. 34: 32-36&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;A Deadly Experiment. Methanol and MS,&lt;br /&gt;Fitness Life 2007 Dec. 34: 36-41&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;Sickly Sweet: Is your Diet Sweetener killing you?&lt;br /&gt;Fitness Life 2007 Nov. 33: 31-33&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;references&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;740 references for above articles and upcoming book,&lt;br /&gt;most with full text PDFs&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://whilesciencesleeps.com/montediet" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;montediet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ and Fitness Life 2007 Dec. 34: 36-41 ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol: Where Is It Found? How Can It Be Avoided?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AVOID the following, ranked in order of greatest danger:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Cigarettes.&lt;br /&gt;2. Diet foods and drinks with aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;3. Fruit and vegetable products and their juices in bottles,&lt;br /&gt;cans, or pouches.&lt;br /&gt;4. Jellies, jams, and marmalades not made fresh and kept&lt;br /&gt;refrigerated.&lt;br /&gt;5. Black currant and tomato juice products, fresh or&lt;br /&gt;processed.&lt;br /&gt;6. Tomato sauces, unless first simmered at least 3 hours&lt;br /&gt;with an open lid.&lt;br /&gt;7. Smoked food of any kind, particularly fish and meat.&lt;br /&gt;8. Sugar-free chewing gum.&lt;br /&gt;9. Slivovitz: You can consume one alcoholic drink a day&lt;br /&gt;on this diet -- no more! [ no fruit brandies ]&lt;br /&gt;10. Overly ripe or near rotting fruits or vegetables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selection from Article 2, Fitness Life, December 2007, and&lt;br /&gt;well discussed in the DVD video:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Identical Symptoms of MS, Methanol Poisoning&lt;br /&gt;and Aspartame Toxicity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The symptoms of multiple sclerosis (44, 83, 85, 169), chronic&lt;br /&gt;and acute methanol poisoning (13, 144, 189), and Aspartame&lt;br /&gt;toxicity (54, 58, 93, 181), are in all ways identical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is nothing that happens to the human body from the&lt;br /&gt;toxic effect of methanol that has not been expressed during&lt;br /&gt;the course of MS... nothing (143, 144).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This generalization extends even to the remarkable&lt;br /&gt;opthomological conditions common to both: transitory optic&lt;br /&gt;neuritis and retrolaminar demyelinating optic neuropathy with&lt;br /&gt;scotoma of the central visual field (which occasionally&lt;br /&gt;manifests as unilateral temporary blindness (85, 138, 163).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact, these opthomological symptoms have been thought of&lt;br /&gt;for years in their respective literatures to be "tell tale"&lt;br /&gt;indications for the differential diagnosis for each of these&lt;br /&gt;maladies independently (85, 138, 148, 163, 169).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The common symptoms of&lt;br /&gt;headache (13, 83, 181, 189),&lt;br /&gt;nervousness (13, 83, 181),&lt;br /&gt;depression (58, 83, 189, 181),&lt;br /&gt;memory loss (18, 147, 85, 169, 181),&lt;br /&gt;tingling sensations (13, 85, 168, 138, 169),&lt;br /&gt;pain in the extremities (13, 85, 169),&lt;br /&gt;optic neuritis (85, 138, 148, 163, 169),&lt;br /&gt;bright lights in the visual field (139, 83),&lt;br /&gt;seizures (21, 83, 160),&lt;br /&gt;inability to urinate or to keep from urinating (139, 146, 167)&lt;br /&gt;are all shared by each of these conditions and shared yet&lt;br /&gt;again by complaints from aspartame poisoning&lt;br /&gt;(54, 58, 93, 181).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I take these strikingly similar symptom patterns as evidence&lt;br /&gt;that these disorders act on identical components of the&lt;br /&gt;central nervous system and in the same way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The "Miracle" that MS shares with Methanol poisoning&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the early stages of MS, or when a non-lethal dose of&lt;br /&gt;methanol has been administered, complete recovery is a&lt;br /&gt;possibility.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The only two afflictions for which such dramatic "remissions"&lt;br /&gt;are reported from identical neuromuscular and opthomological&lt;br /&gt;damage, even "blindness" is relapsing-remitting multiple&lt;br /&gt;sclerosis (85) and methyl alcohol poisoning (138, 163).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pathology of the two maladies is in may ways identical,&lt;br /&gt;particularly when it comes to destruction of the myelin&lt;br /&gt;sheath with no harm to the axon itself (18, 148, 176).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sex Ratios for MS and Aspartame Reactions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Women bear the brunt of multiple sclerosis (91a-c) and lupus&lt;br /&gt;(SLE)(73) with fully three-fold representations in infliction&lt;br /&gt;numbers over men for both diseases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is exactly the proportion represented by adverse&lt;br /&gt;reactors to Aspartame reported by the US Center for&lt;br /&gt;Disease Control in their study of 1984 (58).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Center found three women to every man whose&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame consumption complaints were serious enough&lt;br /&gt;to warrant investigation (93).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the female/male ratio for those stricken with MS has&lt;br /&gt;always been high, recent estimates place it at over 3 to 1&lt;br /&gt;(91, 91a, 91c).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What might account for the difference across sexes in&lt;br /&gt;incidence?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine&lt;br /&gt;(94) reports biopsies of the gastric lining of men and women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A result was that the concentration of ADH in the&lt;br /&gt;gastric lining of men was much higher than for woman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Men have the advantage of removing methanol from the&lt;br /&gt;bloodstream four times faster on an equal-body-size basis&lt;br /&gt;than women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus, for men, methanol is more likely to be removed from the&lt;br /&gt;blood before it reaches the brain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The brain is spared but the methanol removed would still be&lt;br /&gt;metabolized to formaldehyde in the gut where it would reap&lt;br /&gt;its havoc on a more forgiving organ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This may help explain why men have more gastrointestinal&lt;br /&gt;complaints from both methanol and Aspartame consumption&lt;br /&gt;(93, 99).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the other hand, women's complaints from both more&lt;br /&gt;frequently involve serious neurological complications."...&lt;br /&gt;______________________________&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;methanol (11% of aspartame), made by body into&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde in many vulnerable tissues, causes modern&lt;br /&gt;diseases of civilization, summary of a century of research,&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C Monte PhD, Medical Hypotheses journal:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2009.11.15&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2009_11_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2009_11_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, November 15, 2009&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://groups.health.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1589" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://groups.health.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1589&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame abstinance cures fibromyalgia chronic pain in 2 French&lt;br /&gt;adults: R Ciappuccini et al, Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010 Nov: Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;2010.02.19&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011_02_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, February 19, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1617" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1617&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde from 0.2 mg daily methanol from aspartame in Singulair&lt;br /&gt;(montelukast) chewable asthma medicine causes severe allergic&lt;br /&gt;dermatitis in boy, SE Jacob et al, Pediatric Dermatology 2009 Nov:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2010.09.27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.htm" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2010_09_01_archive.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monday, September 27, 2010&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1613" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com/group/aspartameNM/message/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1613&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;______________________________&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:rmforall@gmail.com" style="color: #0000cc;"&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br 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Monte to EFSA:  While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills 241 p  -- Ch 12   Autism and other Birth Defects  26 p -- 740 references full pdfs: Rich Murray 2011.11.03'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-2151225866852388931</id><published>2011-10-19T18:06:00.003-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-19T18:07:49.249-06:00</updated><title type='text'>6-22 m thick impact ejecta deposit 60 km wide via "pyroclastic density flow" at Ullapool, NW Scotland 1.2 BYa, 145,000 MT: Rich Murray 2011.10.19</title><content type='html'>6-22 m thick impact ejecta deposit 60 km wide via "pyroclastic density flow" at Ullapool, NW Scotland 1.2 BYa, 145,000 MT: Rich Murray 2011.10.19&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/6-22-m-thick-impact-ejecta-deposit-60.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/6-22-m-thick-impact-ejecta-deposit-60.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ See also:&lt;br /&gt;impact ejecta [melt] emplacement on terrestrial planets, Gordon R&lt;br /&gt;Osinski et al 2011, 2 pages: Rich Murray 2011.10.19&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/impact-ejecta-melt-emplacement-on.html&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The meteorite, which is thought to have measured up to 1 km across, would have formed an impact crater up to 10 km in diameter, but the material ejected by the impact spread out for at least 50 km.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rock layer, which stretches from Gairloch in the south to the Sutherland village of Stoer to the north, is sandwiched between sedimentary rocks which form part of the Torridonian sandstones of Sutherland."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This reveals that that the 10 meter-thick&lt;br /&gt;[33 feet] layer, which has been traced for&lt;br /&gt;over 50 km [31 miles] along the Scottish&lt;br /&gt;coast, was almost entirely emplaced as&lt;br /&gt;a devastating density current that sped&lt;br /&gt;outwards from the point of impact — just&lt;br /&gt;like a density current from a volcano.&lt;br /&gt;Only the uppermost few centimeters&lt;br /&gt;actually fell out through the atmosphere,"&lt;br /&gt;said study team member Richard Brown&lt;br /&gt;of the University of Durham.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.space.com/13325-gas-blast-meteorite-strike-resembled-volcanic-eruption.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ancient Meteorite Blast Resembled Volcanic Eruption&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OurAmazingPlanet Staff&lt;br /&gt;Date: 19 October 2011 Time: 11:33 AM ET&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A billion years ago, a meteorite slammed&lt;br /&gt;into the Earth along the coast of what is&lt;br /&gt;now Scotland. A forensic investigation&lt;br /&gt;by a team of volcanologists has pieced&lt;br /&gt;together exactly how the debris from the&lt;br /&gt;impact devastated the surrounding region.&lt;br /&gt;The new research shows that some&lt;br /&gt;aspects of giant meteorite impacts may&lt;br /&gt;mimic the behavior of large volcanic&lt;br /&gt;eruptions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meteorite impacts are more common than&lt;br /&gt;most people realize, but what happens when&lt;br /&gt;the meteorite hits? Direct observation is&lt;br /&gt;understandably difficult, but researchers&lt;br /&gt;can pick through impact debris that hasn't&lt;br /&gt;eroded away and then forensically&lt;br /&gt;reconstruct these catastrophic events.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The volcanologists say that an improved&lt;br /&gt;understanding of what happens when large&lt;br /&gt;objects hit the Earth will help us understand&lt;br /&gt;how such events affect life on the planet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volcanologists analyzed a layer of ejected&lt;br /&gt;debris from this huge meteorite impact and&lt;br /&gt;discovered that much of the debris moved&lt;br /&gt;across the ground as rapid, dense,&lt;br /&gt;ground-hugging currents of gas and debris,&lt;br /&gt;remarkably similar to the pyroclastic density&lt;br /&gt;currents — fast-traveling streams of hot&lt;br /&gt;ash and rock — that flow outward from&lt;br /&gt;explosive volcanoes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In particular, the way that ash and dust&lt;br /&gt;stick together seems identical," said study&lt;br /&gt;team member Mike Branney of the&lt;br /&gt;University of Leicester in England.&lt;br /&gt;"Moist ash from explosive volcanoes&lt;br /&gt;sticks together in the atmosphere to&lt;br /&gt;fall out as millimeter-sized pellets.&lt;br /&gt;Where these drop back into a hot&lt;br /&gt;pyroclastic density current, they grow&lt;br /&gt;into larger layered structures, known&lt;br /&gt;as accretionary lapilli."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The researchers studied the finely&lt;br /&gt;preserved deposit in northwest Scotland&lt;br /&gt;from the ancient impact. It shows both&lt;br /&gt;types of these 'volcanic' particles — pellets&lt;br /&gt;and lapilli — are produced.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This reveals that that the 10 meter-thick&lt;br /&gt;[33 feet] layer, which has been traced for&lt;br /&gt;over 50 km [31 miles] along the Scottish&lt;br /&gt;coast, was almost entirely emplaced as&lt;br /&gt;a devastating density current that sped&lt;br /&gt;outwards from the point of impact — just&lt;br /&gt;like a density current from a volcano.&lt;br /&gt;Only the uppermost few centimeters&lt;br /&gt;actually fell out through the atmosphere,"&lt;br /&gt;said study team member Richard Brown&lt;br /&gt;of the University of Durham.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ microphotos ]&lt;br /&gt;Meteorite impact ejecta (left) compared with volcanic deposits (right) showing closely similar structures made of dust particles. The top two photos show accretionary lapilli in density current deposits, whereas bottom two photos show pellets that formed when dust in the atmosphere clumped together and simply fell onto the land surface.&lt;br /&gt;CREDIT: From Michael Branney and Richard Brown 2011 (Journal of Geology 199, 275-292)&lt;br /&gt;View full size image&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/03/26/uk_meteorite_impact/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UK's biggest meteorite impact rocked Scotland&lt;br /&gt;Prehistoric Ullapool enjoyed 'quite a show'&lt;br /&gt;By Lester Haines&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posted in Space, 26th March 2008 13:00 GMT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's lucky for the good burghers of Ullapool in Scotland that they weren't around 1.2 billion years ago, because it was around then that the biggest meteorite ever to hit the British Isles would have made a bit of a dent in local house prices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That's according to the combined forces of the University of Oxford and the University of Aberdeen, who say that "unusual rock formations" previously thought to have volcanic origins are actually the debris ejected from a meteorite strike which threw material over an area 50 km across.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The volcanic theory has always had geologists scratching their heads, since there are "no volcanic vents or other volcanic sediments nearby". The researchers moved in for the kill by taking rock samples in 2006, and have now published their revelations in the journal Geology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ken Amor of Oxford Uni’s Department of Earth Sciences, explained: "Chemical testing of the rocks found the characteristic signature of meteoritic material, which has high levels of the key element iridium, normally only found in low concentrations in surface rocks on Earth. We found more evidence when we examined the rocks under a microscope; tell-tale microscopic parallel fractures that also imply a meteorite strike."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Professor John Parnell, head of Geology &amp;amp; Petroleum Geology at the University of Aberdeen, chipped in with: "These rocks are superbly displayed on the west coast of Scotland, and visited by numerous student parties each year. We’re very lucky to have them available for study, as they can tell us much about how planetary surfaces, including Mars, become modified by large meteorite strikes. Building up the evidence has been painstaking, but has resulted in proof of the largest meteorite strike known in the British Isles."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amor added: "If there had been human observers in Scotland 1.2 billion years ago they would have seen quite a show. The massive impact would have melted rocks and thrown up an enormous cloud of vapour that scattered material over a large part of the region around Ullapool. The crater was rapidly buried by sandstone which helped to preserve the evidence."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The researchers hope that the evidence they've gathered will help them to "understand the ancient impacts that shaped the surface of other planets, such as Mars", Amor concluded. ®&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wikipedia article:&lt;br /&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullapool_bolide_impact&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ microphoto ] Accretionary lapilli from the Stac Fada Member&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence for a bolide impact centered on Ullapool [ 57.899602 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;-5.157701 ] was published by a combined team of scientists from the University of Oxford and the University of Aberdeen, in March 2008.[1]&lt;br /&gt;he evidence is centred on Ullapool, a harbour town on Loch Broom in the Ross and Cromarty district of the Highland council area of northwest Scotland.&lt;br /&gt;This suggests it was the largest bolide impact ever to strike what are now the British Isles.&lt;br /&gt;The impact, which has been dated to 1177±5 million years ago,[2]&lt;br /&gt;melted rock at the site and&lt;br /&gt;left parallel shock fractures in quartz and biotite and&lt;br /&gt;a tell-tale trace of iridium.&lt;br /&gt;Centered on the impact crater, a wide ejecta field has been traced, some 50 km across, forming the Stac Fada member within the Stoer Group of the Torridonian.&lt;br /&gt;The affected layer of rock, which on land stretches from Gairloch [ 57.720780 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;-5.686293 &amp;nbsp;] in the south to Stoer [ &amp;nbsp;58.203414 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;-5.34027 ] in the north is six to 22 metres thick.[3] &amp;nbsp;[ 60 km apart ]&lt;br /&gt;Until recently, these anomalous formations[4] were unsatisfactorily credited to an isolated instance of volcanism.&lt;br /&gt;The crater, preserved under sedimentary layers of sandstone, is currently presumed to lie under the Minch, the waterway that separates the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides from the north-west Highlands of Scotland.&lt;br /&gt;It has been estimated that the impact would have created a blast with the force of 145,000 megatons and that the shock wave would have created winds of 420 km/h as far away as the site of modern Aberdeen.[3]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See also&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Silverpit crater, the only other proposed impact crater in or near the British Isles.&lt;br /&gt;Impact event&lt;br /&gt;List of impact craters on Earth&lt;br /&gt;North West Highlands Geopark&lt;br /&gt;Geology of Scotland&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kenneth Amor, Stephen P. Hesselbo, Don Porcelli, Scott Thackrey, and John Parnell,&lt;br /&gt;"A Precambrian proximal ejecta blanket from Scotland",&lt;br /&gt;Geology 36, 4, March 2008:pp. 303–306; DOI: 10.1130/G24454A.1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;^ University of Aberdeen media release, 26 March 2008;&lt;br /&gt;Oxford University media release, 26 March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;^ Parnell, J.; Mark D., Fallick A.E., Boyce A. &amp;amp; Thackrey S. (2011).&lt;br /&gt;"The age of the Mesoproterozoic Stoer Group sedimentary and impact deposits, NW Scotland".&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Journal of the Geological Society 168 (2): 349–358. doi:10.1144/​0016-76492010-099.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;^ a b Urquhart, Frank, (27 March 2008)&lt;br /&gt;"Discovery with deep impact on Scots coast".&lt;br /&gt;Edinburgh. The Scotsman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;^ The strata under study are part of the Stac Fada Member of the Precambrian Stoer Group of Scotland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/4/303&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Geology; April 2008; v. 36; no. 4; p. 303-306; DOI: 10.1130/G24454A.1&lt;br /&gt;© 2008 Geological Society of America&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A Precambrian proximal ejecta blanket from Scotland&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kenneth Amor 1,&lt;br /&gt;[ +44 (0)1865 272000 &amp;nbsp;ken.amor@earth.ox.ac.uk ]&lt;br /&gt;Stephen P. Hesselbo 1,&lt;br /&gt;Don Porcelli 1,&lt;br /&gt;Scott Thackrey 2&lt;br /&gt;and John Parnell 2&lt;br /&gt;1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2 Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, Meston Building, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ejecta blankets around impact craters are rarely preserved on Earth.&lt;br /&gt;Although impact craters are ubiquitous on solid bodies throughout the solar system, on Earth they are rapidly effaced, and few records exist of the processes that occur during emplacement of ejecta.&lt;br /&gt;The Stac Fada Member of the Precambrian Stoer Group in Scotland has previously been described as volcanic in origin. However, shocked quartz and biotite provide evidence for high-pressure shock metamorphism, while chromium isotope values and elevated abundances of platinum group metals and siderophile elements indicate addition of meteoritic material.&lt;br /&gt;Thus, the unit is reinterpreted here as having an impact origin.&lt;br /&gt;The ejecta blanket reaches &amp;gt;20 m in thickness and contains abundant dark green, vesicular, devitrified glass fragments. Field observations suggest that the deposit was emplaced as a single fluidized flow that formed as a result of an impact into water-saturated sedimentary strata.&lt;br /&gt;The continental geological setting and presence of groundwater make this deposit an analogue for Martian fluidized ejecta blankets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Words: ejecta, impactites, shock metamorphism, PGE, suevite, Torridonian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.scotsman.com/news/discovery_with_deep_impact_on_scots_coast_1_1161196&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The meteorite, which is thought to have measured up to 1 km across, would have formed an impact crater up to 10 km in diameter, but the material ejected by the impact spread out for at least 50 km.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rock layer, which stretches from Gairloch in the south to the Sutherland village of Stoer to the north, is sandwiched between sedimentary rocks which form part of the Torridonian sandstones of Sutherland."&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of&lt;br /&gt;Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico, tour of 50&lt;br /&gt;photos 1 MB size each via DropBox: Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-with-black-glazes.html&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/35479730-106085926-1865-km-el-top-10-m.html&lt;br /&gt;photos 3-5 of 50&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/92&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ground views of over 100 .1-.5 km shallow (ice comet fragment bursts)&lt;br /&gt;craters, Bajada del Diablo, Argentina (.78-.13 Ma BP) [42.87 S 67.47 W]&lt;br /&gt;Rogelio D Acevedo et al, Geomorphology 2009 Sept: Rich Murray 2010.03.28&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/03/ground-views-of-over-100-1-5-km-shallow.html&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/47&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 118 members, 1,625 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-2151225866852388931?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/2151225866852388931/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=2151225866852388931' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/2151225866852388931'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/2151225866852388931'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/6-22-m-thick-impact-ejecta-deposit-60.html' title='6-22 m thick impact ejecta deposit 60 km wide via &quot;pyroclastic density flow&quot; at Ullapool, NW Scotland 1.2 BYa, 145,000 MT: Rich Murray 2011.10.19'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-1193669734015903051</id><published>2011-10-19T17:51:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-19T17:51:59.016-06:00</updated><title type='text'>impact ejecta [melt] emplacement on terrestrial planets, Gordon R Osinski et al 2011, 2 pages: Rich Murray 2011.10.19</title><content type='html'>impact ejecta [melt] emplacement on terrestrial planets, Gordon R Osinski et al 2011, 2 pages: Rich Murray 2011.10.19&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/impact-ejecta-melt-emplacement-on.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/impact-ejecta-melt-emplacement-on.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X11004675&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/1866.pdf&lt;br /&gt;2 pages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IMPACT EJECTA EMPLACEMENT ON TERRESTRIAL PLANETS.&lt;br /&gt;G. &amp;nbsp;R. &amp;nbsp;Osinski 1,&lt;br /&gt;L L. Tornabene 2, and&lt;br /&gt;R. &amp;nbsp;A. &amp;nbsp;F. &amp;nbsp;Grieve 1,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gordon R. Osinski a,b,&lt;br /&gt;Livio L. Tornabene c,&lt;br /&gt;Richard A.F. Grieve a b d,&lt;br /&gt;a Departments of Earth Sciences/Physics and Astronomy, University of&lt;br /&gt;Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7&lt;br /&gt;b Canadian Lunar Research Network/NASA Lunar Science Institute, Canada&lt;br /&gt;c Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space&lt;br /&gt;Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0315, USA&lt;br /&gt;d Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0E8&lt;br /&gt;Received 9 February 2011; revised 4 August 2011; Accepted 8 August 2011.&lt;br /&gt;Editor: T. Spohn. Available online 21 September 2011.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 Departments of Earth Sciences/Physics and Astronomy, University of&lt;br /&gt;Western Ontario, 1151&lt;br /&gt;Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada,&lt;br /&gt;2 Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space&lt;br /&gt;Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0315, USA (&lt;br /&gt;gosinski@uwo.ca )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Impact cratering is one of the most&lt;br /&gt;fundamental processes responsible for shaping the&lt;br /&gt;surfaces of solid planetary bodies. &amp;nbsp;One of the principal&lt;br /&gt;characteristics of impact events is the formation and&lt;br /&gt;emplacement of ejecta deposits. &amp;nbsp;An understanding of&lt;br /&gt;impact ejecta deposits, and their components, is critical&lt;br /&gt;for the results &amp;nbsp;of planetary exploration; particularly&lt;br /&gt;future sample return missions. Their compositional and&lt;br /&gt;physical characteristics provide fundamental information&lt;br /&gt;about the sub-surface of planets. Current models&lt;br /&gt;of ejecta emplacement, however, do not account for&lt;br /&gt;several important observations of planetary ejecta&lt;br /&gt;deposits; in particular, the presence of double or&lt;br /&gt;multiple layers of ejecta. Further, there is also no&lt;br /&gt;universal model for the origin and emplacement of&lt;br /&gt;ejecta on different planetary bodies. Here, we present a&lt;br /&gt;new working model &amp;nbsp;for &amp;nbsp;the origin &amp;nbsp;and &amp;nbsp;emplacement of&lt;br /&gt;ejecta on the terrestrial planets, in which ejecta is&lt;br /&gt;emplaced in a multi-stage process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Critical observations from the terrestrial planets:&lt;br /&gt;It is generally acknowledged that proximal ejecta&lt;br /&gt;deposits around impact craters on airless bodies, such&lt;br /&gt;as the Moon and Mercury, are emplaced via the process&lt;br /&gt;of ballistic sedimentation – this results in the incorporation&lt;br /&gt;of local material (secondary ejecta) in the&lt;br /&gt;primary ejecta, via considerable modification and erosion&lt;br /&gt;of the local external substrate &amp;nbsp;[1]. &amp;nbsp;A typically&lt;br /&gt;overlooked, but critical, observation is that proximal&lt;br /&gt;ejecta may consist of more than one layer.&lt;br /&gt;Moon &amp;nbsp;and &amp;nbsp;Mercury. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;On &amp;nbsp;the &amp;nbsp;Moon, melt ponds on&lt;br /&gt;the rim terraces of complex lunar craters and overlying&lt;br /&gt;parts of continuous ejecta have been documented since&lt;br /&gt;the 1970s [2] &amp;nbsp;(Fig. &amp;nbsp;1a). The interpretation is that these&lt;br /&gt;deposits &amp;nbsp;consist &amp;nbsp;of &amp;nbsp;impact &amp;nbsp;melt &amp;nbsp;that &amp;nbsp;has &amp;nbsp;flowed &amp;nbsp;and&lt;br /&gt;pooled according to local slopes, after its initial&lt;br /&gt;emplacement as ejecta. &amp;nbsp;This is consistent with&lt;br /&gt;observations from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera&lt;br /&gt;(LROC) (Fig. 1b). Images recently returned by the&lt;br /&gt;Messenger spacecraft show the presence of what is&lt;br /&gt;interpreted as melt ponds around several Mercurian&lt;br /&gt;impact craters &amp;nbsp;[3]. &amp;nbsp;If &amp;nbsp;ballistic &amp;nbsp;sedimentation &amp;nbsp;followed&lt;br /&gt;by radial flow accounts for the emplacement of the&lt;br /&gt;continuous ballistic ejecta, it begs the question as to&lt;br /&gt;the origin of this overlying melt-rich &amp;nbsp;ejecta &amp;nbsp;observed&lt;br /&gt;around many lunar and Mercurian craters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Venus.&lt;br /&gt;The &amp;nbsp;relative &amp;nbsp;increase &amp;nbsp;in &amp;nbsp;the &amp;nbsp; volume &amp;nbsp;of &amp;nbsp;impact melt&lt;br /&gt;produced &amp;nbsp;on &amp;nbsp;Venus, for a given transient&lt;br /&gt;crater size, compared to the Moon is manifest as&lt;br /&gt;spectacular melt outflows exterior to Venusian craters &amp;nbsp;[4].&lt;br /&gt;Several factors complicate the interpretation of these&lt;br /&gt;outflows around Venusian craters and not all may have&lt;br /&gt;the same origin; however, they share many traits with&lt;br /&gt;exterior lunar impact melt deposits and ponds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 1. (a) Large impact melt (“m”) pond around King Crater&lt;br /&gt;crater. Portion of Apollo 16 image 1580 (NASA).&lt;br /&gt;(b) A portion of LROC NAC image pair (M106209806RE) of melt&lt;br /&gt;overlying the continuous ejecta blanket at Giordano Bruno&lt;br /&gt;crater &amp;nbsp;(NASA/GSFC/ASU).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Earth.&lt;br /&gt;Ejecta deposits are relatively rare due to&lt;br /&gt;high rates of erosion on Earth; however, given the ability&lt;br /&gt;to &amp;nbsp;ground &amp;nbsp;truth, &amp;nbsp;any &amp;nbsp;model &amp;nbsp;must &amp;nbsp;be &amp;nbsp;consistent &amp;nbsp;with&lt;br /&gt;the interpretation of the characteristics of ejecta deposits&lt;br /&gt;on Earth, if it is to be generally applicable.&lt;br /&gt;The nature, lithological and stratigraphic relations&lt;br /&gt;of ejecta at several buried complex structures are&lt;br /&gt;known only from drill core but indicate the presence in&lt;br /&gt;the proximal ejecta of a low-shock, lithic breccia overlain by&lt;br /&gt;melt-bearing deposits. Some of the best preserved and&lt;br /&gt;exposed ejecta deposits on Earth occur&lt;br /&gt;at the Ries structure, Germany [5]. The Ries clearly&lt;br /&gt;displays a distinctive two-layer ejecta deposit (Fig. 1a)&lt;br /&gt;with a series of impact melt-bearing breccias&lt;br /&gt;(suevites), and impact melt rocks overlying the&lt;br /&gt;continuous ejecta blanket (Bunte Breccia). Studies of the&lt;br /&gt;Bunte Breccia strongly support the concept of ballistic&lt;br /&gt;sedimentation [6].&lt;br /&gt;Early workers suggested that the upper surficial&lt;br /&gt;“suevite” ejecta at the Ries was deposited sub-aerially&lt;br /&gt;from an ejecta plume [5] &amp;nbsp;and &amp;nbsp;the &amp;nbsp;term &amp;nbsp;“fallout” &amp;nbsp;was&lt;br /&gt;used to qualify the suevites. This is despite the fact that&lt;br /&gt;the surficial &amp;nbsp;suevites &amp;nbsp;are &amp;nbsp;unsorted to poorly sorted,&lt;br /&gt;which is not predicted by subaerial deposition (i.e.,&lt;br /&gt;fallout from an ejecta plume). &amp;nbsp;More recently, &amp;nbsp;it was&lt;br /&gt;suggested that the proximal surficial suevites were&lt;br /&gt;emplaced as surface flow(s), either comparable to&lt;br /&gt;pyroclastic flows or as ground-hugging volatile- &amp;nbsp;and&lt;br /&gt;melt-rich flows [7, 8]. The most intransigent argument&lt;br /&gt;used to support an airborne origin for suevites at the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) 1866.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ries are &amp;nbsp;so-called &amp;nbsp;“aerodynamically shaped” glass&lt;br /&gt;clasts and “gneiss-cored glass bombs” [5]. An airborne&lt;br /&gt;emplacement was offered as a possible explanation for&lt;br /&gt;their shape; &amp;nbsp;however, &amp;nbsp;such “morphologies” &amp;nbsp;can be&lt;br /&gt;found in injection dikes of impact melt-bearing breccia&lt;br /&gt;that clearly cross-cut &amp;nbsp;the lithologies of the crater &amp;nbsp;floor&lt;br /&gt;of the Mistastin &amp;nbsp;Lake &amp;nbsp;impact &amp;nbsp;structure, &amp;nbsp;Canada (Fig.&lt;br /&gt;2b). &amp;nbsp;In &amp;nbsp;this &amp;nbsp;case, &amp;nbsp;the &amp;nbsp;“fladen” cannot be explained as&lt;br /&gt;aerodynamically-shaped, and are likely due to shaping&lt;br /&gt;during transport within a confined flow (cf., glass coatings on lithic clasts).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fig. 2.&lt;br /&gt;(a) &amp;nbsp;Impact melt-bearing breccias, or “suevites” (S)&lt;br /&gt;overlying &amp;nbsp;Bunte &amp;nbsp;Breccia &amp;nbsp;(BB) &amp;nbsp;at &amp;nbsp;the &amp;nbsp;Ries structure. Note the&lt;br /&gt;sharp contact between the two units.&lt;br /&gt;(c) &amp;nbsp;Elongate, &amp;nbsp;“aerodynamically-shaped” glass bombs and&lt;br /&gt;gneiss-cored glass “bombs”.&lt;br /&gt;These features are widely cited as de facto evidence&lt;br /&gt;for airborne emplacement but these are actually from a&lt;br /&gt;dike of suevite in the crater floor of the Mistastin structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mars.&lt;br /&gt;The Martian impact cratering record is notably more diverse&lt;br /&gt;than that of the &amp;nbsp;Moon, &amp;nbsp;Mercury &amp;nbsp;or Venus.&lt;br /&gt;In &amp;nbsp;particular, &amp;nbsp;approximately &amp;nbsp;one-third of all&lt;br /&gt;Martian craters !5 km in diameter possess discernable&lt;br /&gt;ejecta blankets, with over 90% possessing so-called&lt;br /&gt;layered ejecta that display single (SLE), double (DLE),&lt;br /&gt;or multiple (MLE) layer morphologies &amp;nbsp;[9]. In general,&lt;br /&gt;MLE craters are typically larger and their ejecta are&lt;br /&gt;found at greater radial distances than SLE craters,&lt;br /&gt;when normalized to crater size. DLE craters remain&lt;br /&gt;enigmatic. Contrasting models have been proposed to&lt;br /&gt;account for these layered ejecta on Mars.&lt;br /&gt;The working hypothesis: Based on the above&lt;br /&gt;observations that impact melt &amp;nbsp;occurs &amp;nbsp;outside &amp;nbsp;the &amp;nbsp;rim&lt;br /&gt;at both simple and complex craters, &amp;nbsp;we suggest that the&lt;br /&gt;current view of impact ejecta emplacement, i.e., a one&lt;br /&gt;stage &amp;nbsp;and strickly ballistic &amp;nbsp;process &amp;nbsp;that &amp;nbsp;occurs &amp;nbsp;during&lt;br /&gt;the excavation stage, is incomplete. A multi-stage&lt;br /&gt;emplacement process that intimately links the generation&lt;br /&gt;of impact melt lithologies, allochthonous crater-fill&lt;br /&gt;deposits and ejecta is proposed:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) &amp;nbsp;Crater excavation and ballistic emplacement –&lt;br /&gt;The initial emplacement of a continuous ejecta blanket&lt;br /&gt;is via the process of ballistic sedimentation. Materials&lt;br /&gt;are derived from the excavated zone of the transient&lt;br /&gt;cavity and are of generally relatively low shock level.&lt;br /&gt;It is suggested that several parameters will affect the&lt;br /&gt;morphology and extent of this primary ejecta layer, in&lt;br /&gt;particular the volatile content and cohesiveness of&lt;br /&gt;surficial target materials.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) Late excavation – &amp;nbsp;early &amp;nbsp;modification &amp;nbsp;and &amp;nbsp;minor&lt;br /&gt;flow emplacement –&lt;br /&gt;In &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;simple &amp;nbsp;craters, &amp;nbsp;there &amp;nbsp;is movement of&lt;br /&gt;highly shocked and melted materials initially&lt;br /&gt;down into the expanding transient cavity. Some of&lt;br /&gt;these materials are driven up and over the transient&lt;br /&gt;cavity walls and rim region, consistent with the presence&lt;br /&gt;of thin melt veneers around some simple lunar&lt;br /&gt;craters and impact melt rocks outside the rim at some&lt;br /&gt;terrestrial craters. &amp;nbsp;Impact angle and preexisting&lt;br /&gt;topography can have a major influence during this stage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) &amp;nbsp;Crater modification and “late” flow emplacement &amp;nbsp;–&lt;br /&gt;The &amp;nbsp;observations &amp;nbsp;of &amp;nbsp;impact &amp;nbsp;melt-rich deposits&lt;br /&gt;overlying ballistic ejecta deposits and the sharp contact&lt;br /&gt;between these units, where observed, argue for the&lt;br /&gt;general late-stage emplacement of melt-rich ejecta. It&lt;br /&gt;is suggested &amp;nbsp;that &amp;nbsp;cavity &amp;nbsp;modification, &amp;nbsp;in &amp;nbsp;particular&lt;br /&gt;uplift, &amp;nbsp;imparts an additional outward momentum to the&lt;br /&gt;melt- and clast-rich lining of the transient cavity during&lt;br /&gt;the modification stage, resulting in flow towards and&lt;br /&gt;over the collapsing crater rim and onto the proximal&lt;br /&gt;ballistic ejecta blanket, forming a second thinner and&lt;br /&gt;potentially discontinuous layer &amp;nbsp;of non-ballistic ejecta.&lt;br /&gt;For oblique impacts, an additional mechanism may be&lt;br /&gt;the emplacement of external melt in a &amp;nbsp;process &amp;nbsp;more&lt;br /&gt;akin to what is believed to occur at simple craters, i.e.,&lt;br /&gt;by the late-stages of the cratering flow-field. In this&lt;br /&gt;case, the initial direction of the &amp;nbsp;flows is preferentially&lt;br /&gt;downrange. The final resting place for the melt-rich&lt;br /&gt;deposits will be controlled to a large extent by the local&lt;br /&gt;topography of the target region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4) Minor fallback –&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Fallback &amp;nbsp;of &amp;nbsp;material &amp;nbsp;from &amp;nbsp;the&lt;br /&gt;vapour-rich ejecta plume will occur during the final&lt;br /&gt;stages of crater formation on bodies with an atmosphere&lt;br /&gt;and will produce the very minor “fallback” material in the&lt;br /&gt;crater interior, which will be characteristically graded,&lt;br /&gt;such as observed at the Ries structure in&lt;br /&gt;the terrestrial environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acknowledgements:&lt;br /&gt;G.R.O. is support by an Natural Sciences and Engineering&lt;br /&gt;Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Industrial Research&lt;br /&gt;Chair sponsored by MDA Space Missions and the&lt;br /&gt;Canadian Space Agency (CSA).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References:&lt;br /&gt;[1] &amp;nbsp;Oberbeck V.R. 1975.&lt;br /&gt;Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 13:337-362.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[2] Hawke B.R. and Head J.W. 1977&lt;br /&gt;in &amp;nbsp;Impact and Explosion Cratering. Pergamon Press:&lt;br /&gt;New York. p. 815-841.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[3] &amp;nbsp;Prockter L.M., et al. 2010.&lt;br /&gt;Science &amp;nbsp;668-671.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[4] &amp;nbsp;Asimow P.D. and Wood J.A. 1992.&lt;br /&gt;JGR &amp;nbsp;97:13643-13665.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[5] &amp;nbsp;Engelhardt W.v. 1990.&lt;br /&gt;Tectonophys. &amp;nbsp;171:259-273.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[6] Hörz F., et al. 1983.&lt;br /&gt;Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics&lt;br /&gt;21:1667-1725.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[7] Osinski G.R., et al. 2004.&lt;br /&gt;Meteor.Planet. Sci. &amp;nbsp;39:1655-1684.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[8] Newsom H.E., et al. 1986.&lt;br /&gt;JGR 91:239-251.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[9] Barlow N.G. 2005&lt;br /&gt;in Large Meteorite Impacts III: GSA Special Paper 384.&lt;br /&gt;Geological Society of America: Boulder. p. 433-442.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2011) 1866.pdf&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of&lt;br /&gt;Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico, tour of 50&lt;br /&gt;photos 1 MB size each via DropBox: Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-with-black-glazes.html&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/35479730-106085926-1865-km-el-top-10-m.html&lt;br /&gt;photos 3-5 of 50&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/92&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ground views of over 100 .1-.5 km shallow (ice comet fragment bursts)&lt;br /&gt;craters, Bajada del Diablo, Argentina (.78-.13 Ma BP) [42.87 S 67.47 W]&lt;br /&gt;Rogelio D Acevedo et al, Geomorphology 2009 Sept: Rich Murray 2010.03.28&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/03/ground-views-of-over-100-1-5-km-shallow.html&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/47&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 118 members, 1,625 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-1193669734015903051?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/1193669734015903051/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=1193669734015903051' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1193669734015903051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1193669734015903051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/impact-ejecta-melt-emplacement-on.html' title='impact ejecta [melt] emplacement on terrestrial planets, Gordon R Osinski et al 2011, 2 pages: Rich Murray 2011.10.19'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-3348856617151732013</id><published>2011-10-18T21:41:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-10-18T21:41:39.191-06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Carolina Bays'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ejecta'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lidar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='impact'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Jeanette Gilbride'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Saginaw Bay'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Michael Davias'/><title type='text'>over 25,000 Carolina Bays measured with precision LiDAR -- probable ejecta sheet from 41 Ka impact on Saginaw Bay, MI, USA, Michael  E Davias: Rich Murray 2011.10.17</title><content type='html'>over 25,000 Carolina Bays measured with precision LiDAR -- probable ejecta sheet from 41 Ka impact on Saginaw Bay, MI, USA, Michael &amp;nbsp;E Davias: Rich Murray 2011.10.17&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/over-25000-carolina-bays-measured-with.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/over-25000-carolina-bays-measured-with.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Rich Murray: &amp;nbsp;after following their work for 3 years, I am impressed by the impressive evolution in presentation and interpretation of precise and very beautiful evidence, so I am quoting from their vast site to provide an introduction. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michael E. Davias, Stamford, CT &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;michael@cintos.org &amp;nbsp;917-751-8861&lt;br /&gt;Jeanette L. Gilbride, NCSU, Raleigh, NC 27695&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.Cintos.org\&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We presented a poster at the 2011 GSA Annual Meeting in Minneapolis.&lt;br /&gt;The poster content, seen below, is also available as a PDF for download.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://cintos.org/graphics/GSA_2011/GSA-2011_Poster_192776_Davias-HQ.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I presented a TALK on the Survey and its use of LiDAR &amp;amp; Google Earth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2011AM/finalprogram/abstract_192576.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A PDF of the deck [ very detailed slide show ] is available HERE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://cintos.org/graphics/GSA_2011/Davias_GSA2011_Presentation_165-9_HQ.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2011 GSA Annual Meeting in Minneapolis (9–12 October 2011)&lt;br /&gt;Paper No. 165-9&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Presentation Time: 10:35 AM-10:50 AM&lt;br /&gt;LIDAR DIGITAL ELEVATION MAPS EMPLOYED IN CAROLINA BAY SURVEY&lt;br /&gt;DAVIAS, Michael, Stamford, CT 06907, michael@cintos.org&lt;br /&gt;and GILBRIDE, Jeanette L., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aerial photographs of Carolina bays taken in the 1930’s sparked research into their geomorphology, but revealed only part of their unique planforms.&lt;br /&gt;Digital Elevation Maps (DEMs), using LiDAR-derived data, accentuate the visual presentation of these shallow basins.&lt;br /&gt;To support a geospatial survey of Carolina bay landforms in the continental US, 400,000 km2 of hsv-shaded DEMs were created as KML-JPEG tile sets for visualization on a virtual globe.&lt;br /&gt;A majority of these DEMs were generated with LiDAR data, while the remainder represents USGA 1/3 arc second data. We demonstrate the tile generation process and their integration into Google Earth for open public access over the Internet.&lt;br /&gt;While the generic Carolina bay planform is considered oval, we document regional variations.&lt;br /&gt;Using a small set of empirically derived planform shapes, we created Google Earth overlay elements to support the manual capture of individual Carolina bay shapes and orientations.&lt;br /&gt;The resulting overlay data element for each measured bay is extracted from Google Earth and programmatically processed to generate metrics such as geographic location, elevation, surface area and inferred orientation.&lt;br /&gt;When visualized in LiDAR, we document the robustness of a single planform shape across hundreds or thousands of basins within geographically large areas.&lt;br /&gt;We maintain that utilizing a virtual globe facility for data captures and extraction results in more reliable data sets compared to processes that reference flat map projections.&lt;br /&gt;This is especially true when capturing the geospatial shape and orientation of the bays, which can be skewed and distorted in the projection process.&lt;br /&gt;Using the process described, we have measured over 25,000 distinct Carolina bays, and have assembled their individual characteristics into a geographic information database.&lt;br /&gt;We examine the Google Fusion geospatial visualization facility, through which the database has been made publically accessible.&lt;br /&gt;Preliminary findings from the survey are briefly discussed, such as how bay surface area, eccentricity and orientation vary within and across ~700 .25 deg x .25 deg grid elements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We presented a poster at the 2011 Southeastern Section GSA Meeting in Wilmington.&lt;br /&gt;The poster content, seen below, is also available as a PDF for download.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cintos.org/graphics/GSA_2011/Poster%20SE-GSA%202011%20184903.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2010 GSA &amp;nbsp;Abstract 176738 Oct 31 Denver, slide show&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cintos.org/LiDAR_images/page5/page5.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cintos.org/LiDAR/index.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Graphic shows the impact site and triangulation from ~200 bay "fields".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Saginaw Impact Manifold&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evaluating The Carolina Bays As Surface Features In A Distal Ejecta Blanket:&lt;br /&gt;Geophysical Flow Analysis Predicts Bay Orientations,&lt;br /&gt;Enables Triangulation To A Causal Impact Site&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We present a novel approach to the genesis of the Carolina bays, proposing that those enigmatic landforms are depositional features within a 1 to 10 meter-thick blanket of hydrated ejecta associated with a cosmic impact into the Wisconsinan ice shield during the latter part of the Pleistocene era, ~40,000 years ago.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ellipsoidal bays exhibit an "inferred orientation", facilitating the use of a triangulation network to identify the associated terrestrial impact crater.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Attempts by others to triangulate bay orientations to a causal crater may have failed because the ballistic physics and fluid mechanics aspects of an ejecta distribution were not considered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An analytical model was heuristically developed to generate ejecta emplacement orientations that reflect large-scale geophysical flow effects, and its results were compared to empirically measured bay orientations at ~250 Carolina bay "fields" (representing many thousands of bays).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our model's predicted results correlate well with actual bay orientations when an oblique cosmic impact across the Saginaw area of Michigan is considered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The great-circle distances separating the proposed Saginaw impact crater and all identified Carolina bays also correlate well; the bay’s geographic distribution is along an annulus surrounding the proposed crater.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These positive correlations suggest that a unique geospatial relationship exists between the proposed impact location and the Carolina bays of North America.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To facilitate independent testing of the hypothesis, a web-based version of the model was made publicly available for integration with the Google Earth GIS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inspiration&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The inspiration for our conjecture was an observation in the paper The Goldsboro Ridge, an Enigma, by R. B. Daniels, E. E. Gamble and W.H. Wheeler, 1970:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Goldsboro ridge is a unique feature on the Sunderland surface and requires special explanation whatever its origin.&lt;br /&gt;It must be either an erosional remnant of a once more extensive sediment or a depositional feature.&lt;br /&gt;...The Goldsboro sand overlies the Sunderland Formation conformably.&lt;br /&gt;The contact is always abrupt but there is no evidence of deep channeling, basal coarse material, and evidence of weathering at the contact.&lt;br /&gt;Even the Carolina Bays do not disturb the underlying Sunderland materials....&lt;br /&gt;The sand in the bay rim is not different from the Goldsboro sand.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, these Carolina Bays are merely surface features associated with the formation of the ridge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Saginaw Crater center 43.680 &amp;nbsp;-83.82 SW-NE long oval ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ejecta Volume Calculations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using the cut/fill facility in Global Mapper, we calculated that the crater excavated approximately 2,300 cubic kilometers of sedimentary strata from the crater.&lt;br /&gt;Given a conservative average ice cover of 500 meters, the 32,000 square kilometers [ about 140X230 km ] of crater surface area would supply another 16,000 cubic kilometers of pulverized ice to the slurry mix.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A 30 km impactor would supply ~14,000 cubic kilometers of hydrated silica.&lt;br /&gt;These values would yield a sand/water ratio of 1:1.&lt;br /&gt;A substantial majority of the 16,000 cubic kilometers of ejecta would likely fall locally back onto the ice sheet, to be distributed as "glacial till" as the sheet retreats.&lt;br /&gt;Using a conservative estimate of 10% as distal, the 1,600 cubic km of debris would be capable of blanketing 300,000 square kilometers of North America with a 5-meter thick distal ejecta sheet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the present time we are investigating the existence of any correlated anomalous scientific data about the Saginaw Bay area and the Wisconsin-era Glacial Lobe associated with it.&lt;br /&gt;Among the items identified to investigate:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anomalous Saginaw Basin Aquifer Oxygen Isotope Markers Dated to Younger Dryas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anomalous hydraulic pressures in the surrounding strata layers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anomalous glacial deposits, with large bolder fields juxtapositioned within similarly dated, but smaller sized debris&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Identification of Precambrian deposits in glacial till, unique to the Saginaw lobe and not seen in any other Wisconsin-era lobe deposits&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upwelling of Heavy Metals seen in Saginaw Bay Sediment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Buried sub-glacial runoff channels suggestion the deposition of terrestrial debris on top of glacial sheets&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anomalous buried soil layers suggesting deposits above warmer climate flora&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anomalous salt-bearing springs surrounding the Saginaw bay; used for commercial salt production in 1800s&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unusually High Helium Atmospheric noble gas signatures in area aquifer fluxes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Existence of structural anomaly beneath Saginaw bay floor suggested by several researchers; considered to be anticline by some&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Carbon dating of natural gas from wells across Michigan Basin show activation ~13 kya&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Research suggests significant basin re-heating event in past; reactivation of Keweenawan Rift implicated by others&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Glacial geomorphic processes unique among all other Wisconsonian-era events&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers have examined the "moraines" of the Saginaw Glacial Lobe and have offered several solutions to their anomalous relationship with the other Wisconsin-Era Ice Sheet lobes.&lt;br /&gt;Both the Michigan and the Huron/Erie lobes are seen as having overridden the original terminal margins of the Saginaw lobe, presenting a confusing picture of its advance and retreat.&lt;br /&gt;We ask the question: did the "Saginaw Lobe" ever exist?, or could the excision of the central Michigan landscape be the result of a cosmic impact?&lt;br /&gt;While there is good reason to expect that the central Michigan Peninsula was covered by a deep ice sheet, as it traversed down from the north, we question the existence of the "plunge" and focused Saginaw lobe advance from the northeast as commonly portrayed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our current proposal holds that the impact carved out much of the current bedrock topography of the Michigan basin surrounding and west of the Saginaw Bay.&lt;br /&gt;Local ejecta, distributed in a butterfly pattern, was heaped on top of the then-present Wisconsin ice sheet.&lt;br /&gt;As the sheet melted beneath the ejecta blanket, many of the enigmatic "moraines", hummocks and tunnel landforms were created.&lt;br /&gt;Eventually, the large lake created within the ice sheet crater catastrophically drained southward, initially creating the Kankakee Torrent, and later the Central Kalamazoo River Valley (CKRV).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Enigmatic Sand: a Call for Collaboration&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating (OSL) has proven to be a reliable method of dating sedimentary deposition timetables over the span of 1 kya to 100 kya.&lt;br /&gt;The process, which is well understood and accepted, is one which requires a rigorously controlled sample collection, handling and processing regimen.&lt;br /&gt;As such, it cannot be casually applied for testing across an extensive geography for research into a poorly-provenanced conjecture.&lt;br /&gt;The conjecture under consideration - our Saginaw Impact and Distal Ejecta Manifold - has minimal support in the community at present, yet we feel justified in the expenditure of the considerable resources suggested here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We propose a scenario in which significant quantities of distal ejecta, in the form of a 1-10 meter thick sheet(blanket) of fine-grained sand, was deposited (blanketed) across a wide area for the North American continent in a singular event lasting less than an hour ~41 &amp;nbsp;thousand years ago (ka).&lt;br /&gt;During this blanketing, we propose that the constituents of the strata were heated to beyond 200 C, resetting their OSL clock.&lt;br /&gt;Identifying a coherent OSL dating across a wide field of samples would strengthen the case for our conjecture.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our conjecture suggests that the resulting strata of sand - as a unit - can easily be discriminated from more generic fluvial and eolian deposit using a set of easily applied and identified criteria:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;located immediately below current A soil horizon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;homogeneous strata unit of 1 to 10 meters in thickness&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;unconsolidated&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;contact with underlying strata to be conformable and sharply defined&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;blanket will drape over hosting terrain up-slope/ down-slope while maintaining strata thickness&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mottled, laminated or gnarly &amp;nbsp;presentation in vertical and horizontal cross section, suggesting turbid deposit environment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;no indications of stratified horizons within the unit (single deposition sequence accepted)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;exception to above when multiple units of otherwise-qualified strata exists in contact with each other, generating a horizon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;no indications of aqueous deposition, i.e. shells, therefore deductively considered eolian&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;virtually no clay lenses present&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;incongruous course skew seen in unit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;tightly constrained grain size across unit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;grain size (as a unit) variable from exceedingly fine sand up to small gravels&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;no variation in heavy metal suite across strata&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;little variation in presented color across unit&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suggested sitings for this strata include:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;sourced from within the rim of a Carolina bay structure, or within a field of these structures&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Costal margins, where a truncated bay will be interpreted as a parabolic dune&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Late Pleistocene (MIS-3) -era deposits on elevated platforms where existence is enigmatic&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surficial deposits may represent re-worked surfaces. We encourage sampling of rims at depths of a meter or more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ideally, samples meeting the above criterial would also have previously been tested to indicate:&lt;br /&gt;* OSL dating of ca 41 kya, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Due to the proposed geographic extent of this strata, we recognize it may well be considered "common" within your experience; yet enigmatic nonetheless in context, raising questions about the true depositional method.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please consider the profile offered above, and should you have access to experimental datum derived from previous research which identified depositional strata meeting these criteria, we implore you to consider collaboration with us.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, should you have knowledge of , and access to, sites which exhibit these criteria, we invite you to assist us in obtaining OSL dating across the vertical and extent of the unit.&lt;br /&gt;Samples from depths of at least one meter are desired, so as to avoid reworked soils and encounter the original structural rim formation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At present, the project is unfunded.&lt;br /&gt;Please contact us for more information.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-3348856617151732013?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/3348856617151732013/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=3348856617151732013' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/3348856617151732013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/3348856617151732013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/10/over-25000-carolina-bays-measured-with.html' title='over 25,000 Carolina Bays measured with precision LiDAR -- probable ejecta sheet from 41 Ka impact on Saginaw Bay, MI, USA, Michael  E Davias: Rich Murray 2011.10.17'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-1089885649849114901</id><published>2011-09-25T23:52:00.009-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-26T09:51:28.703-06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AstroDeep'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Club Space Rock'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='air blasts'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Adelaide Thunder'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='meteor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='geoablation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Australia'/><title type='text'>geoablation features and rocks in South Australia: Rich Murray 2011.09.25</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;geoablation features and rocks in South Australia:&amp;nbsp;Rich Murray 2011.09.25&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/geoablation-features-and-rocks-in-south.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/geoablation-features-and-rocks-in-south.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_print_container_1316917242"&gt;505-819-7388&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_container" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_mark"&gt; begin_of_the_skype_highlighting&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_highlighting_inactive_common" dir="ltr" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Call this phone number in United States of America with Skype: +15058197388"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_left_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Skype actions"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_dropart_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Skype actions"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_dropart_flag_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" style="background-position: -5849px 1px !important;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_textarea_span"&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_text_span"&gt;505-819-7388&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_right_span"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="skype_pnh_mark"&gt;end_of_the_skype_highlighting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://meteorites.ning.com/forum/topics/possible-impact-crater?xg_source=activity&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Club Space Rock blog,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Forum discussion,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Possible Impact Crater?,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Posted by Adelaide Thunder [Chris] on April 1, 2011 at 6:09 am in Meteorite Hunting,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;[ His photos of the third finger size sample show a brown rock with a dark glassy glaze -- much like the glazes I find on small rocks and 1-3 m bedrocks within 160 km of Santa Fe, NM, as well as on parking lot 1-2 m lava rocks in Lydgate State Park, S of Kapaa, east coast of Kauai, Hawaii:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;http://i719.photobucket.com/albums/ww195/cmhandler/impact_splash.jpg?width=750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;His fourth image of a chipped piece of clear silica is very similar to the Libyan Desert Glass, which Mark Boslough of Sandia Lab in Albuquerque, NM, ascribes to an air blast torch hitting the desert sand:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;http://i719.photobucket.com/albums/ww195/cmhandler/glass.jpg?width=750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/07/vast-geoablation-in-argentina-craters.html" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011/07/vast-geoablation-in-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;argentina-craters.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;Also similar is the small rock he pictures in his post of May 29.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"&gt;http://i719.photobucket.com/albums/ww195/cmhandler/CSC_0168.jpg?width=721 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;-30.251716 138.336828 ~.3 km NS size,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;.119 km el on W edge,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;N of Lyndhurst, just W of road B83,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Google ground images,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;click on each twice to get large and larger,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Ochre pit 24 images&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;By burchy,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;in first photo, fabuous views from solid white rock on L to very dark red rock on R, very enhanced colors,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;photo 23100499.jpg 10234X4071 Px,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://www.panoramio.com/photo/23100499&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://www.panoramio.com/photo/23100499?source=wapi&amp;amp;referrer=kh.google.com&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;[ click on arrows above photo to view all 24 lovely views of South Australia ],&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Aboriginal Ochre Pit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;By Flett&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;natural colors,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;photo 3378254.jpg 2299X769 Px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/3378254.jpg&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://www.panoramio.com/photo/3378254?source=wapi&amp;amp;referrer=kh.google.com&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Ochre Cliffs&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;By martin13s,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;natural colors, faint Moon, position further to L,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;photo 122566208.jpg 8353X1743 Px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://www.panoramio.com/photo/12256208&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://v8.cache1.c.bigcache.googleapis.com/static.panoramio.com/photos/original/12256208.jpg?redirect_counter=1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;natural colors, full Moon, position further to R,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;photo 12256954.jpg 7828X1795 Px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://www.panoramio.com/photo/12256954&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;http://v8.cache1.c.bigcache.googleapis.com/static.panoramio.com/photos/original/12256954.jpg?redirect_counter=1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;See also:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;massive geoablation from N to S ?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;Leigh Creek town on road B83, South Australia,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;far N of Adelaide,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;-30.598821 138.357698 .215 km el at center of view,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"&gt;10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of&lt;br /&gt;Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico,&lt;br /&gt;tour of 50 photos 1 MB size each via DropBox:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-with-black-glazes.html" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;with-black-glazes.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/35479730-106085926-1865-km-el-top-10-m.html" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011/08/35479730-106085926-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;1865-km-el-top-10-m.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;photos 3-5 of 50&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/92" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;group/astrodeep/message/92&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;vast geoablation in Argentina, craters from SW to NE -- Cox re&lt;br /&gt;Boslough bursts: Rich Murray 2011.07.31&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/07/vast-geoablation-in-argentina-craters.html" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;2011/07/vast-geoablation-in-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;argentina-craters.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/91" style="color: #0000cc;" target="_blank"&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;group/astrodeep/message/91&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: black; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-1089885649849114901?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/1089885649849114901/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=1089885649849114901' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1089885649849114901'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/1089885649849114901'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/geoablation-features-and-rocks-in-south.html' title='geoablation features and rocks in South Australia: Rich Murray 2011.09.25'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-4128163831575170621</id><published>2011-09-24T00:29:00.002-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-24T10:22:03.200-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Pierson Barretto inspires many to support high school students in Recife, Brazil to collect air burst impactites: Rich Murray 2011.09.24</title><content type='html'>Pierson Barretto inspires many to support high school students in Recife, Brazil to collect air burst impactites: Rich Murray 2011.09.24&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-inspires-many-to.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-inspires-many-to.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto "Cashew" crater, ~ .1 km size,&lt;br /&gt;impactites studied by high school students 2011.08.27,&lt;br /&gt;just SW of road BR 408. ~ 30 km WNW of Recife, Brazil,&lt;br /&gt;-7.950723 &amp;nbsp; -35.118484 &amp;nbsp;.085 km el,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson gives details and photos of the high school students collecting impactites at several craters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;https://sites.google.com/site/redemarcgravedeastronomia/home/2010/2011/oficina-estudo-da-origem-das-paleolagoas-pernambucanas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ translated to English from Portuguese by Google ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RMA &amp;gt; Activities &amp;gt; 2011 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;WORKSHOP: STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF PALEOLAGOAS Pernambucano&lt;br /&gt;Launch Project SCIENCE with high school students of the Gymnasium Pernambuco, Rua da Aurora, 703 - Santo Amaro, Recife - PE.&lt;br /&gt;The workshop is a joint Museum Louis Jacques Brunet,&lt;br /&gt;has cultural support and sponsorship of the &amp;nbsp;Consulate General of Federal Republic of Germany in Recife,&lt;br /&gt;cultural support of the Mayor of Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde,&lt;br /&gt;Institute of Co-Responsibility for Education,&lt;br /&gt;State Government of Pernambuco and&lt;br /&gt;scientific support of the Network for Astronomy Marcgrave - RMA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Date: &amp;nbsp;May / Jun / Aug / Sep / Oct / ​​Nov 2011.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Research on the hypothesis for the origin of cosmic paleolagoas , Pleistocene and Holocene.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NEWS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19/JUN/2011 - Origin intriguing crater researcher&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE SECRETARY OF THE PEOPLE&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, September 11, 2011&lt;br /&gt;German Consulate sponsored workshop in Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde,&lt;br /&gt;Pernambuco students of the Gymnasium&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;VISIT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CITY OF SANTA CRUZ DOWNTOWN GREEN AND CONSUL OF GERMANY TO THE MUSEUM OF LOUIS JACQUES BRUNET&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;The cultural attache of the Consulate of Germany, Martin Mahn,&lt;br /&gt;Museum Director Brunet, Anne Sales,&lt;br /&gt;the Consul General of Germany in Recife, Thomas Wülfing,&lt;br /&gt;the reprentante the City of Santa Cruz da Baixa Verde, José de Lima,&lt;br /&gt;support for the workshop.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...Impactitos are metamorphic rocks of the impact site , fused or partially liquefied at the instant of shock, by high pressure and temperature, are found in craters of meteoritic origin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some examples of impactitos found in the crater of the pot.&lt;br /&gt;[ These are much like the samples I've been collecting for three years in New Mexico. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of the molten rock found in impact craters are the gaps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;STUDY OF ORIGIN OF PALEOLAGOAS Pernambucano&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Opening the workshop with teachers and students of GP - May 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...Structure Cajueiro evaluation for field trip - June 18, 2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visit reconheciemnto structure suspicion of meteoric origin (BRPEPaudalho001)&lt;br /&gt;Cashew located on the farm in the municipality of Paudalho, city of Guadalajara, Pernambuco,&lt;br /&gt;with teachers (and tutors students of the previous semester) in Pernambuco Gym to evaluate the feasibility of the visit with students high school.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Structure of the cashew tree, field trip - August 27, 2011&lt;br /&gt;Output GP: Saturday at 8:00&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visit to the structure with high school students of the Gymnasium Pernambucano to collect rocks and impactitos possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Pierson Barretto "Cashew" crater, ~ .1 km size,&lt;br /&gt;impactites studied by high school students 2011.08.27,&lt;br /&gt;just SW of road BR 408. ~ 30 km WNW of Recife, Brazil,&lt;br /&gt;-7.950723 &amp;nbsp; -35.118484 &amp;nbsp;.085 km el,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson gives details and photos of the high school students collecting impactites at several craters. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EXPOSURE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;STUDY OF ORIGIN OF PALEOLAGOAS Pernambucano&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;National Week of Science and Technology&lt;br /&gt;Climate change: natural disasters and risk prevention&lt;br /&gt;Museum Louis Jacques Brunet&lt;br /&gt;Gym Pernambuco, Rua da Aurora, 703 - Santo Amaro, Recife - PE&lt;br /&gt;17 OCTOBER 2011&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Contact: Barretto Pierson&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;cosmopier@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto gives best amateur site for worldwide evidence for&lt;br /&gt;Holocene impacts: Rich Murray 2011.09.06&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-gives-best-amateur.html&lt;br /&gt;https://sites.google.com/site/cosmopier/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.cosmictusk.com&lt;br /&gt;blog for all points of view, now sharing major progress re mainstream research&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;within mutual service, &amp;nbsp;Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 505-819-7388&lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 118 members, 1,625 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-4128163831575170621?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/4128163831575170621/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=4128163831575170621' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/4128163831575170621'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/4128163831575170621'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-inspires-many-to.html' title='Pierson Barretto inspires many to support high school students in Recife, Brazil to collect air burst impactites: Rich Murray 2011.09.24'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-8135541752753019456</id><published>2011-09-17T21:54:00.006-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-17T22:29:16.560-06:00</updated><title type='text'>3 INQUA abstracts re Younger Dryas cold era evidence, James P and Douglas J Kennett, July 2011 Bern, Switzerland: Rich Murray 2011.09.17</title><content type='html'>3 INQUA abstracts re Younger Dryas cold era evidence, James P and Douglas J Kennett, July 2011 Bern, Switzerland: Rich Murray 2011.09.17&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/3-inqua-abstracts-re-younger-dryas-cold.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/3-inqua-abstracts-re-younger-dryas-cold.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://cosmictusk.com/upcoming-bern-inqua-conference-packed-with-younger-dryas-boundary-studies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Put the ID number in place of 1666 to get other abstracts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.inqua2011.ch/?a=programme&amp;amp;subnavi=abstract&amp;amp;id=1666&amp;amp;sessionid=60&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;ID:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1666&lt;br /&gt;Title:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Younger Dryas Onset Marked by Dramatic Environmental and Biotic Change &lt;br /&gt;Content:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) episode was marked by a complex array of abrupt and potentially linked changes in the Earth's environmental and biotic systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We will broadly review YD changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation, ice sheets, North American continental hydrosphere, biosphere including extinctions, and human culture.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cause of the YD is controversial and currently debated, yet any causal hypothesis needs to account for these changes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;YD cooling is enigmatic in its timing, magnitude and abruptness at near-peak insolation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such cooling episodes with YD characteristics and timing in earlier Terminations appear more affiliated with terminal glacial episodes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;YD onset is also outstanding because of close collective association with major, abrupt continental-scale ecological reorganization, megafaunal extinction and human adaptive shifts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The YD climate onset was remarkably abrupt (~one year) suggesting atmospheric climate response preceded oceanic change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maximum cooling was atypically early, near the YD onset and associated with an abrupt increase in atmospheric dust.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A major North American hydrographic reorganization, apparently associated with destabilization of ice sheet margins, was marked by abrupt switch in flow from the south to northern oceans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This outburst flooding may have coincided with major drainage of Lake Agassiz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Associated outburst floods affected widely separated areas of the Arctic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ocean responded by major change in meridional overturning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On land, responses include widespread evidence of biomass burning;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;change in sediment deposition including a layer with exotic materials interpreted to be of cosmic impact origin;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;broad continental vegetation disruption;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;abrupt megafaunal extinction; and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;genetic bottlenecks reflecting population declines and/or animal migrations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The North American human record suggests abrupt disappearance of the Clovis culture;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a human genetic bottleneck; and&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a widespread archeological gap during early YD centuries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Session:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode&lt;br /&gt;Authors: &amp;nbsp;James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;Presenter: James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;Type: &amp;nbsp;oral&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1526&lt;br /&gt;Title:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Soot as Evidence for Widespread Fires at the Younger Dryas Onset (YDB, 12.9 ka)&lt;br /&gt;Content:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidence continues to grow in support of a major extraterrestrial (ET) impact as a trigger for the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in North America at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YDB, 12.9 ka).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sediment at the base of a C-rich, dark layer is marked by peaks in magnetic microspherules, Ir, nanodiamonds, and other materials consistent with an ET event (Firestone, 2007; Kennett, 2008).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This layer also exhibits spikes in charcoal, C spherules, glass-like C, and PAHs indicative of continent-wide burning, coeval with evidence for a major abrupt increase in burning in Greenland (Mayewski, 1993; Legrand, 1997).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Synchronous, widespread soot in high abundances is a marker for extensive, impact-related fires.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soot analysis allowed us to test the possibility that the explosion of an impactor triggered combustion of biomass or fossil C, as hypothesized for the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-P, 65 Ma) (Wolbach, 1985; Belcher et al., 2009).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Previous analyses of samples from N. America and Europe, yielded YDB soot (± 10%) at two sites in N. America:&lt;br /&gt;Murray Springs, AZ (20 ppm) and&lt;br /&gt;Blackville, SC (2000 ppm) (Wolbach, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We now report results from analysis of six more sites:&lt;br /&gt;Arlington Canyon and nearby Arlington Springs, CA;&lt;br /&gt;Bull Creek, OK;&lt;br /&gt;Hall's Cave, TX;&lt;br /&gt;Murray Springs (new sampling); and&lt;br /&gt;Lommel, Belgium.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soot concentrations spike in the YDB layer at four of these sites:&lt;br /&gt;2000 ppm at Arlington Canyon, CA;&lt;br /&gt;500 ppm at Bull Creek;&lt;br /&gt;2000 ppm at Hall's Cave, TX; and&lt;br /&gt;6000 ppm at Murray Springs, 30x higher than previously observed there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Significant YDB soot at five locations up to 3500 km apart across North America, combined with other wildfire evidence, suggests widespread burning and aeolian transport of soot across North America ~12.9 ka ago.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These results support an impact sufficient to ignite continental-scale fires.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Session:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode&lt;br /&gt;Authors: &amp;nbsp;Adrienne Stich&lt;br /&gt;Charles Kinzie&lt;br /&gt;James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;Allen West&lt;br /&gt;Wendy Wolbach&lt;br /&gt;Presenter: James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;Type: &amp;nbsp;poster&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1584&lt;br /&gt;Title:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Human Population Decline across Parts of the Northern Hemisphere during the Younger Dryas Cooling Period&lt;br /&gt;Content:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is an ongoing debate about a possible human population decline or contraction at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) at 12.9 ka.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We used three methods to test whether YD climate change affected human population levels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FREQUENCY ANALYSES.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This method employed lithic projectile point data from the Paleoindian Database of the Americas&lt;br /&gt;(PIDBA, http://pidba.utk.edu ).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We tallied diagnostic projectile points used by North American Paleoindian cultures, such as Clovis, that existed prior to about 12.9 ka, and obtained point totals that were larger than those of immediately post-Clovis cultures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the SE U.S., the ratio of Clovis points (n=1993) to post-Clovis points (n=947) reveals a point decline of 52%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the Great Plains, a comparison of Clovis and fluted points (n=4020) to Folsom points (n=2527) shows a point decline of 37%, suggesting a population contraction of similar magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUARRY USAGE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eleven major Clovis-age lithic quarry sites in the Southeastern U.S. exhibit either limited usage or total abandonment just after the YD onset, only to resume normal usage hundreds of years later.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those usage patterns imply a severe population decline or reorganization around 12.9 ka.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SUMMED PROBABILITIES.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This method involved calibrating relevant 14C dates from across the Northern Hemisphere and combining the probabilities, after which major peaks and troughs in the trends were assumed to reflect changes in human demographics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We found an abrupt, statistically significant decline at 12.9 ka, followed by a rebound 200 to 900 years later.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The overall decline was more than 50%, similar in magnitude to the decline in Clovis-Folsom point ratios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The coeval YD declines in projectile points, quarry usage, and 14C dates appear linked to significant changes in climate and biota.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the causes of the YD remain controversial, evidence suggests that human population declines occurred nearly simultaneously across the Northern Hemisphere around 12.9 ka.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Session:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode&lt;br /&gt;Authors:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; David G. Anderson&lt;br /&gt;Albert C. Goodyear&lt;br /&gt;James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;Allen West&lt;br /&gt;Presenter: James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;Type: &amp;nbsp;poster&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/kennett/Home.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ photo ]&lt;br /&gt;Professor: Marine Geology, Paleoceanography, Stratigraphy, Micropaleontology, Paleobiology&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Office: Webb Hall 1037A&lt;br /&gt;Phone: (805) 893-3103 or&lt;br /&gt;805-893-4187&lt;br /&gt;FAX: 805-893-2314&lt;br /&gt;E-mail: kennett@geol.ucsb.edu&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Research Interests&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Research largely deals with earth system history during the Cenozoic based on the analyses of the deep sea sedimentary record and the uplifted marine record on land.&lt;br /&gt;A variety of paleoenvironmental proxies are used (stable isotopes, fossils, sediments) to reconstruct paleoclimatic, oceanographic and biotic changes in the sedimentary record.&lt;br /&gt;Of greatest interest is to help develop better understanding of past global changes; to evaluate the dynamic interactions that constantly occurred in the past between the several global spheres (lithosphere, oceansphere, atmosphere, cryosphere and biosphere).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The kinds of questions we think about include the following:&lt;br /&gt;What is the climate evolution of the polar regions?&lt;br /&gt;When and how did the major ice sheets form?&lt;br /&gt;How have changes in ocean circulation affected global climate development?&lt;br /&gt;How did the oceans circulate during times of global warming?&lt;br /&gt;How tight are the linkages between climate change and thermohaline circulation?&lt;br /&gt;How rapidly do climate and oceans switch between different states and what processes drive these changes?&lt;br /&gt;How has the global climate changed during the classic ice-age period and how has this affected North American climate? What is the record of biological evolution in the oceans and how does this help with the understanding of evolutionary processes?&lt;br /&gt;Data related to this and other questions are generated in light stable isotope mass spectrometry and micropaleontological laboratories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://pages.uoregon.edu/dkennett/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Department of Anthropology&lt;br /&gt;University of Oregon&lt;br /&gt;Eugene, OR 97403-1218&lt;br /&gt;Phone (Office): 541-346-5106&lt;br /&gt;E-mail: dkennett@uoregon.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstracts for Session 60 “The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode”&lt;br /&gt;Oral Presentations July 20-27, 2011 INQUA Conference, Bern, Switzerland&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Title Presenter Talknbr. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Invited&lt;br /&gt;1666 Younger Dryas Onset Marked by Dramatic Environmental and Biotic&lt;br /&gt;Change James Kennett 1 x&lt;br /&gt;835 The Younger-Dryas Cold reversal: Ice-Earth-Ocean Intercations&lt;br /&gt;During a Period of Rapid Climate Change Richard Peltier 2 x&lt;br /&gt;366 Assessing the effectiveness of different freshwater drainage&lt;br /&gt;routes at triggering the Younger Dryas Alan Condron 3&lt;br /&gt;2964 Reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and&lt;br /&gt;Regional Climate Change During the Younger Dryas Jerry McManus 4 x&lt;br /&gt;3138 Oceanic Variability in the Gulf of Alaska during the Younger&lt;br /&gt;Dryas Summer K. Praetorius 5&lt;br /&gt;1514 Abrupt changes in runoff from North America during the Younger&lt;br /&gt;Dryas James Teller 6 x&lt;br /&gt;262 Younger Dryas glaciation of Scandinavia – the type area for the&lt;br /&gt;Younger Dryas Jan Mangerud &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7 x&lt;br /&gt;1813 Unusual material in early Younger Dryas age sediments and their&lt;br /&gt;potential relevance to the YD Cosmic Impact Hypothesis Malcolm&lt;br /&gt;LeCompte 8 x&lt;br /&gt;2641 Exceptional iridium concentrations found at the Allerød-Younger&lt;br /&gt;Dryas transition in sediments from Bodmin Moor in southwest England&lt;br /&gt;William Marshall 9&lt;br /&gt;1556 Nanodiamonds and the Usselo layer &amp;nbsp;Annelies van Hoesel 10&lt;br /&gt;2768 Vegetation change and the Younger Dryas: a continental-scale&lt;br /&gt;perspective &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Matthew Peros 11 x&lt;br /&gt;209 The Younger Dryas in the Neotropics: paleoecological evidence from&lt;br /&gt;Venezuela Encarni Montoya 12 x&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posters&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Title &amp;nbsp; Presenter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;583 New paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Allerød and Young Dryas&lt;br /&gt;of the plain part of Ukraine (based on palynological data) Lyudmila&lt;br /&gt;Bezusko&lt;br /&gt;997 Vegetation dynamics during Younger Dryas climatic episode (12600 –&lt;br /&gt;11500 yr. cal. B.P.) in Northwest Lithuania Eugenija Rudnickaite&lt;br /&gt;1177 Effective moisture during the late glacial to Holocene transition&lt;br /&gt;from mainland eastern Australia John Tibby&lt;br /&gt;1181 The boundary phenomenon of the Pleistocene – Holocene in the&lt;br /&gt;Baikal Siberia (Russia) Natalia Berdnikova&lt;br /&gt;1184 A review on the radiocarbon and absolute chronologies bracketing&lt;br /&gt;the Younger Dryas climatic event Edouard Bard&lt;br /&gt;1294 Individual and community responses of diatoms to the Younger&lt;br /&gt;Dryas climatic reversal in a South Carpathian glacial lake Krisztina&lt;br /&gt;Buczkó&lt;br /&gt;1378 North Atlantic reservoir ages linked to high Younger Dryas&lt;br /&gt;atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations William Austin&lt;br /&gt;1447 The Bull Creek valley stream terraces, buried soils, and&lt;br /&gt;paleo-environment during the Younger Dryas in the Oklahoma Panhandle,&lt;br /&gt;USA Alexander Simms&lt;br /&gt;1526 Soot as Evidence for Widespread Fires at the Younger Dryas Onset&lt;br /&gt;(YDB, 12.9 ka) James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;1584 Human Population Decline across Parts of the Northern Hemisphere&lt;br /&gt;during the Younger Dryas Cooling Period James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;1587 Eastward Drainage of Glacial Lake Agassiz: The Perspective from&lt;br /&gt;the Lake Superior Basin Steve M. Colman&lt;br /&gt;1591 Nanodiamonds as Evidence for a Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact Event Allen West&lt;br /&gt;1606 Shock-melt Evidence for a Cosmic Impact with Earth during the&lt;br /&gt;Younger Dryas at 12.9 ka Allen West&lt;br /&gt;1619 Evidence for Widespread Biomass-Burning at the Younger Dryas&lt;br /&gt;Boundary at 12.9 ka Allen West&lt;br /&gt;2667 Greater-than-present wet conditions from 14.6 to 10.2 cal ka yr&lt;br /&gt;BP in the southwestern Great Lakes area, North America Brandon Curry&lt;br /&gt;2765 Evidence of Younger Dryas aridity in dune-paleosol successions in&lt;br /&gt;the Midwest of U.S.A. Hong Wang&lt;br /&gt;2853 Pedogenic Climate Signals in the Great Plains (USA) during the&lt;br /&gt;Pleistocene-Holocene Transition (Bølling/Allerød – Boreal) William C&lt;br /&gt;Johnson&lt;br /&gt;2875 The Allerød-Younger Dryas Transition in lake sediments from The&lt;br /&gt;Netherlands Wim Hoek&lt;br /&gt;3116 Megafaunal Extinction at the Younger Dryas Onset in North America&lt;br /&gt;Douglas Kennett&lt;br /&gt;3134 Carolina Bays: Younger Dryas Time Capsules Malcolm LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto gives best amateur site for worldwide evidence for&lt;br /&gt;Holocene impacts: Rich Murray 2011.09.06&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-gives-best-amateur.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.cosmictusk.com&lt;br /&gt;blog for all point of view, now sharing major progress re mainstream research&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;within mutual service, &amp;nbsp;Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;505-819-7388&lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 118 members, 1,625 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-8135541752753019456?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/8135541752753019456/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=8135541752753019456' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/8135541752753019456'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/8135541752753019456'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/3-inqua-abstracts-re-younger-dryas-cold.html' title='3 INQUA abstracts re Younger Dryas cold era evidence, James P and Douglas J Kennett, July 2011 Bern, Switzerland: Rich Murray 2011.09.17'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-5659481103741561547</id><published>2011-09-15T23:26:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-15T23:27:13.646-06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='comet'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pierson Barretto'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AstroDeep'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mark Boslough'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dennis Cox'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CosmicTusk'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='terminal deposit'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crater'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Younger Dryas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tsunami'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='geoablation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='meteor'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Valdivia Seamount'/><title type='text'>2,000 km long 4.1 km high Valdivia Seamount, a huge terminal deposit from a tsunami going SE from South America and the Gulf of Mexico: Rich Murray 2011.09.15</title><content type='html'>2,000 km long 4.1 km high Valdivia Seamount, a huge terminal deposit&lt;br /&gt;from a tsunami going SE from South America and the Gulf of Mexico:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.09.15&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/2000-km-long-41-km-high-valdivia.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/2000-km-long-41-km-high-valdivia.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Valdivia Seamount, over 2,000 km SWNE from South Africa,&lt;br /&gt;-26.190663 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 6.36022&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;-0.414 km deep at top edge,&lt;br /&gt;-4.545 km deep to SW -- a 4.1 km drop.&lt;br /&gt;I see this as a huge terminal deposit from a tsunami going SE from&lt;br /&gt;South America and the Gulf of Mexico, probably from the 13 Ka BP comet&lt;br /&gt;fragment air blast barrage...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of&lt;br /&gt;Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico,&lt;br /&gt;tour of 50 photos 1 MB size each via DropBox:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-with-black-glazes.html&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/35479730-106085926-1865-km-el-top-10-m.html&lt;br /&gt;photos 3-5 of 50&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/92&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;vast geoablation in Argentina, craters from SW to NE -- Cox re&lt;br /&gt;Boslough bursts: Rich Murray 2011.07.31&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/07/vast-geoablation-in-argentina-craters.html&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/91&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;unique erratic 3 m rock, complex mixed composition, and many possibly&lt;br /&gt;related airburst features W of Vaughn, New Mexico:&lt;br /&gt;Dennis Cox: Rich Murray 2010.11.26&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/11/unique-erratic-3-m-rock-complex-mixed.html&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/78&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post_27.html&lt;br /&gt;12 photos of 3 m erratic rock 09-NOV-10 11:10:48 WP128 3 m rock,&lt;br /&gt;34.600080 -105.342566 1.900 km el,&lt;br /&gt;just S of SR 60 US 285, 8 km W of SR 54,&lt;br /&gt;15 km W of Vaughn, NM, 57 km E of Laguna Del Perro impact field,&lt;br /&gt;unique erratic 3 m rock, complex mixed composition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto gives best amateur site for worldwide evidence for&lt;br /&gt;Holocene impacts: Rich Murray 2011.09.06&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-gives-best-amateur.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto, a retired architech and long-time amateur astronomer&lt;br /&gt;in Brazil, has completely surpassed Dennis Cox, Rich Murray, Michael&lt;br /&gt;Davias, and other amateurs for the most convincing, detailed, and&lt;br /&gt;dramatic introduction to worldwide evidence for Holocene impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;https://sites.google.com/site/cosmopier/&lt;br /&gt;IMPACT CRATER Scars and Palaeolagoons&lt;br /&gt;Under Continuous Construction&lt;br /&gt;This site is dedicated to a new approach on solar system astrophysics,&lt;br /&gt;archaeology, paleontology, archaeoastronomy, climate studies, water&lt;br /&gt;resources and environmental evolution from the End-Pleistocene and&lt;br /&gt;Holocene.&lt;br /&gt;The site shares some clues about craters, scars, palaeolagoons and&lt;br /&gt;their possible cosmic origin...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.cosmictusk.com&lt;br /&gt;blog for all point of view, now sharing major progress re mainstream research&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;within mutual service, &amp;nbsp;Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;505-819-7388&lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 118 members, 1,625 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-5659481103741561547?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/5659481103741561547/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=5659481103741561547' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/5659481103741561547'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/5659481103741561547'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/2000-km-long-41-km-high-valdivia.html' title='2,000 km long 4.1 km high Valdivia Seamount, a huge terminal deposit from a tsunami going SE from South America and the Gulf of Mexico: Rich Murray 2011.09.15'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-5319980699312956754</id><published>2011-09-13T23:35:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-13T23:36:00.908-06:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pierson Barretto'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AstroDeep'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mark Boslough'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dennis Cox'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='air burst'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CosmicTusk'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='rmforall'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='crater'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='impact'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Younger Dryas'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rich Murray'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='geoablation'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='meteor'/><title type='text'>abstracts available for INQUA Session 60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode, July 2011 Bern, Switzerland -- two by Malcolm LeCompte: Rich Murray 2011.09.13</title><content type='html'>abstracts available for INQUA Session 60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode, July 2011 Bern, Switzerland -- two by Malcolm LeCompte: Rich Murray 2011.09.13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/abstracts-available-for-inqua-session.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/abstracts-available-for-inqua-session.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.inqua2011.ch/?a=programme&amp;amp;subnavi=abstract&amp;amp;id=1813&amp;amp;sessionid=60&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract Details&lt;br /&gt;ID:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;1813&lt;br /&gt;Title:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Unusual material in early Younger Dryas age sediments and their potential relevance to the YD Cosmic Impact Hypothesis&lt;br /&gt;Session: 60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode&lt;br /&gt;Authors: Malcolm LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;Albert Goodyear&lt;br /&gt;Mark Demitroff&lt;br /&gt;Dale Batchelor&lt;br /&gt;Edward Vogel&lt;br /&gt;Charles Mooney&lt;br /&gt;Barry Rock&lt;br /&gt;Presenter:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Malcolm LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;Type:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt; oral&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Content:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cause of the abrupt Younger Dryas (YD) climate change with its North American megafauna extinctions, population bottlenecks, and cultural disappearance remains enigmatic.&lt;br /&gt;Iron- and silica-rich magnetic spherules reported from Younger Dryas Boundary (YDB) sediments and dated to the stadial’s onset were interpreted by some as cosmic impact relicts.&lt;br /&gt;They interpreted Northern Hemisphere YDB spherules as either impact ablation accumulations or ejecta.&lt;br /&gt;Others, claiming adherence to the same protocol, reported an inability to find spherule enhancement in YDB strata.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We review spherule identification and counting methodology of two opposing studies.&lt;br /&gt;An independent blind-test examination was conducted using samples from two pre-YD occupation sites common to both studies: Blackwater Draw, NM, and Topper, SC.&lt;br /&gt;At Topper, samples were taken from sediments located above, adjacent to, and at the Clovis artifact debitage layer.&lt;br /&gt;Absence of overlying debitage indicates a multi-century hiatus in human activity before successor culture reoccupation.&lt;br /&gt;We found increased spherule abundance in YDB strata at both common sites.&lt;br /&gt;We also report spherules present in YD-age sediment from Paw-Paw Cove, MD, contrary to its reported absence.&lt;br /&gt;Spherule geochemistry reflects similar iron, titanium, aluminosilicate, oxygen, and carbon content at three widely separated sites.&lt;br /&gt;Spherules with elevated concentrations of rare earth elements including Cerium, Lanthanum, and Praseodymium are occasionally detected.&lt;br /&gt;Our spherule positive results are consistent with the YD Cosmic Impact Hypothesis study that found similar spherule composition and increased abundances in YDB sediments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Earlier negative results appear due to non-adherence of grain-size sorting protocol and subsequent examination of smaller than recommended aliquots.&lt;br /&gt;Size sorting mitigates neurocognitive factors making optical microspherule searches much less labor intensive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.inqua2011.ch/?a=programme&amp;amp;subnavi=abstract&amp;amp;id=3134&amp;amp;sessionid=60&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID: 3134&lt;br /&gt;Title:&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Carolina Bays: Younger Dryas Time Capsules&lt;br /&gt;Session: 60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode&lt;br /&gt;Authors: Malcolm LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;Kiara Jones&lt;br /&gt;LaEsha Barnes&lt;br /&gt;Ryan Lawrence&lt;br /&gt;Cedric Hall&lt;br /&gt;MyAsia Reid&lt;br /&gt;Devina Hughes&lt;br /&gt;Leroy Lucas&lt;br /&gt;Mark Demitroff&lt;br /&gt;David Kimbel&lt;br /&gt;Presenter: Malcolm LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;Type: poster&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Content:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cold, dry, windy conditions prevailed far south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during glacial epochs.&lt;br /&gt;A half-million, similarly aligned, elliptically shaped, shallow depressions or Carolina Bays are artifacts of potent Pleistocene geomorphic forces.&lt;br /&gt;We assume Bay formation by strong late Pleistocene winds deflating loose sandy sediments to create hollows or blowouts.&lt;br /&gt;Episodic modification continued into the early Holocene when dry, windy periods alternated with wet, calm periods.&lt;br /&gt;Windblown and water-borne sediments repeatedly filled Bay bottoms.&lt;br /&gt;Their fill became a layered repository of transported material; time capsules for post LGM history.&lt;br /&gt;OSL, 14C dating, pollen analysis, and cultural assemblages have been used to date Bays.&lt;br /&gt;Rockyhock, Chowan County, NC and Kimbel, Cumberland County, NC, provide an opportunity to examine Younger Dryas paleoenvironmental conditions and test the Younger Dryas Impact hypothesis.&lt;br /&gt;Both Bays were surveyed using Ground Penetrating RADAR to evaluate subsurface structure.&lt;br /&gt;Sediment composition differs between Bays;&lt;br /&gt;Rockyhock contains fluvial sediments, while Kimbel is primarily aeolian fill.&lt;br /&gt;Kimbel Bay’s windblown sediments contain significant quantities of potential impact markers including: nanodiamonds, carbon spherules, glasslike carbon, charcoal, and magnetic spherules.&lt;br /&gt;Their exact chronostratigraphic significance remains undetermined.&lt;br /&gt;Rockyhock Bay’s fluvial sediments contain only a very few magnetic spherules in rim sediments.&lt;br /&gt;Carbon spherules, glasslike carbon, and charcoal were not found with analysis of bay center samples pending.&lt;br /&gt;A relationship is probable between wind action and impact marker abundance.&lt;br /&gt;Marker concentration may be enhanced by complex size segregation dynamics during eolian activity.&lt;br /&gt;Bay floors with bounding surfaces could be described as traps that collected otherwise rare and widely scattered soil constituents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://nia.ecsu.edu/sp/staff/lecompte/cv.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malcolm A. LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;Campus Box 672 ECSU, Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (252)267-1743 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; cell&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (252)335-3807 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; office&lt;br /&gt;Email options:&lt;br /&gt;lecomptem@mail.ecsu.edu, malecompte@aol.com, mlecompte@astrovision.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://cosmictusk.com/upcoming-bern-inqua-conference-packed-with-younger-dryas-boundary-studies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Put the ID number in place of 1813 or 3134 to get other abstracts ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstracts for Session 60 “The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode”&lt;br /&gt;Oral Presentations July 20-27, 2011 INQUA Conference, Bern, Switzerland&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Title Presenter&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Talknbr.&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Invited&lt;br /&gt;1666 Younger Dryas Onset Marked by Dramatic Environmental and Biotic Change James Kennett 1 x&lt;br /&gt;835 The Younger-Dryas Cold reversal: Ice-Earth-Ocean Intercations During a Period of Rapid Climate Change&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Richard Peltier 2 x&lt;br /&gt;366 Assessing the effectiveness of different freshwater drainage routes at triggering the Younger Dryas Alan Condron 3&lt;br /&gt;2964 Reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and Regional Climate Change During the Younger Dryas Jerry McManus 4 x&lt;br /&gt;3138 Oceanic Variability in the Gulf of Alaska during the Younger Dryas Summer K. Praetorius 5&lt;br /&gt;1514 Abrupt changes in runoff from North America during the Younger Dryas James Teller 6 x&lt;br /&gt;262 Younger Dryas glaciation of Scandinavia – the type area for the Younger Dryas Jan Mangerud&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;7 x&lt;br /&gt;1813 Unusual material in early Younger Dryas age sediments and their potential relevance to the YD Cosmic Impact Hypothesis Malcolm LeCompte 8 x&lt;br /&gt;2641 Exceptional iridium concentrations found at the Allerød-Younger Dryas transition in sediments from Bodmin Moor in southwest England William Marshall 9&lt;br /&gt;1556 Nanodiamonds and the Usselo layer&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Annelies van Hoesel 10&lt;br /&gt;2768 Vegetation change and the Younger Dryas: a continental-scale perspective&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Matthew Peros 11 x&lt;br /&gt;209 The Younger Dryas in the Neotropics: paleoecological evidence from Venezuela Encarni Montoya 12 x&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posters&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ID&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Title&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Presenter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;583 New paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Allerød and Young Dryas of the plain part of Ukraine (based on palynological data) Lyudmila Bezusko&lt;br /&gt;997 Vegetation dynamics during Younger Dryas climatic episode (12600 – 11500 yr. cal. B.P.) in Northwest Lithuania Eugenija Rudnickaite&lt;br /&gt;1177 Effective moisture during the late glacial to Holocene transition from mainland eastern Australia John Tibby&lt;br /&gt;1181 The boundary phenomenon of the Pleistocene – Holocene in the Baikal Siberia (Russia) Natalia Berdnikova&lt;br /&gt;1184 A review on the radiocarbon and absolute chronologies bracketing the Younger Dryas climatic event Edouard Bard&lt;br /&gt;1294 Individual and community responses of diatoms to the Younger Dryas climatic reversal in a South Carpathian glacial lake Krisztina Buczkó&lt;br /&gt;1378 North Atlantic reservoir ages linked to high Younger Dryas atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations William Austin&lt;br /&gt;1447 The Bull Creek valley stream terraces, buried soils, and paleo-environment during the Younger Dryas in the Oklahoma Panhandle, USA Alexander Simms&lt;br /&gt;1526 Soot as Evidence for Widespread Fires at the Younger Dryas Onset (YDB, 12.9 ka) James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;1584 Human Population Decline across Parts of the Northern Hemisphere during the Younger Dryas Cooling Period James Kennett&lt;br /&gt;1587 Eastward Drainage of Glacial Lake Agassiz: The Perspective from the Lake Superior Basin Steve M. Colman&lt;br /&gt;1591 Nanodiamonds as Evidence for a Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact Event Allen West&lt;br /&gt;1606 Shock-melt Evidence for a Cosmic Impact with Earth during the Younger Dryas at 12.9 ka Allen West&lt;br /&gt;1619 Evidence for Widespread Biomass-Burning at the Younger Dryas Boundary at 12.9 ka Allen West&lt;br /&gt;2667 Greater-than-present wet conditions from 14.6 to 10.2 cal ka yr BP in the southwestern Great Lakes area, North America Brandon Curry&lt;br /&gt;2765 Evidence of Younger Dryas aridity in dune-paleosol successions in the Midwest of U.S.A. Hong Wang&lt;br /&gt;2853 Pedogenic Climate Signals in the Great Plains (USA) during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition (Bølling/Allerød – Boreal) William C Johnson&lt;br /&gt;2875 The Allerød-Younger Dryas Transition in lake sediments from The Netherlands Wim Hoek&lt;br /&gt;3116 Megafaunal Extinction at the Younger Dryas Onset in North America Douglas Kennett&lt;br /&gt;3134 Carolina Bays: Younger Dryas Time Capsules Malcolm LeCompte&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10 m broken rock hill with black glazes, W of Rancho Alegre Road, S of&lt;br /&gt;Coyote Trail, W of Hwy 14, S of Santa Fe, New Mexico,&lt;br /&gt;tour of 50 photos 1 MB size each via DropBox:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2011.07.28 2011.08.03&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/10-m-broken-rock-hill-with-black-glazes.html&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/08/35479730-106085926-1865-km-el-top-10-m.html&lt;br /&gt;photos 3-5 of 50&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/92&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;vast geoablation in Argentina, craters from SW to NE -- Cox re&lt;br /&gt;Boslough bursts: Rich Murray 2011.07.31&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/07/vast-geoablation-in-argentina-craters.html&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/91&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;unique erratic 3 m rock, complex mixed composition, and many possibly&lt;br /&gt;related airburst features W of Vaughn, New Mexico:&lt;br /&gt;Dennis Cox: Rich Murray 2010.11.26&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/11/unique-erratic-3-m-rock-complex-mixed.html&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/78&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post_27.html&lt;br /&gt;12 photos of 3 m erratic rock 09-NOV-10 11:10:48 WP128 3 m rock,&lt;br /&gt;34.600080 -105.342566 1.900 km el,&lt;br /&gt;just S of SR 60 US 285, 8 km W of SR 54,&lt;br /&gt;15 km W of Vaughn, NM, 57 km E of Laguna Del Perro impact field,&lt;br /&gt;unique erratic 3 m rock, complex mixed composition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto gives best amateur site for worldwide evidence for&lt;br /&gt;Holocene impacts: Rich Murray 2011.09.06&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/pierson-barretto-gives-best-amateur.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pierson Barretto, a retired architech and long-time amateur astronomer&lt;br /&gt;in Brazil, has completely surpassed Dennis Cox, Rich Murray, Michael&lt;br /&gt;Davias, and other amateurs for the most convincing, detailed, and&lt;br /&gt;dramatic introduction to worldwide evidence for Holocene impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;https://sites.google.com/site/cosmopier/&lt;br /&gt;IMPACT CRATER Scars and Palaeolagoons&lt;br /&gt;Under Continuous Construction&lt;br /&gt;This site is dedicated to a new approach on solar system astrophysics,&lt;br /&gt;archaeology, paleontology, archaeoastronomy, climate studies, water&lt;br /&gt;resources and environmental evolution from the End-Pleistocene and&lt;br /&gt;Holocene.&lt;br /&gt;The site shares some clues about craters, scars, palaeolagoons and&lt;br /&gt;their possible cosmic origin...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;www.cosmictusk.com&lt;br /&gt;blog for all point of view, now sharing major progress re mainstream research&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;within mutual service, &amp;nbsp;Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology,&lt;br /&gt;BS MIT 1964, history and physics,&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages&lt;br /&gt;group with 118 members, 1,625 posts in a public archive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/16960861-5319980699312956754?l=rmforall.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/feeds/5319980699312956754/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=16960861&amp;postID=5319980699312956754' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/5319980699312956754'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/16960861/posts/default/5319980699312956754'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/abstracts-available-for-inqua-session.html' title='abstracts available for INQUA Session 60 The enigmatic Younger Dryas climatic episode, July 2011 Bern, Switzerland -- two by Malcolm LeCompte: Rich Murray 2011.09.13'/><author><name>Rich Murray</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12048425723553171316</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='30' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_CyTnNysZ_QU/SNcJWaMFvhI/AAAAAAAAABE/FXqRH9Vcdrs/S220/Rich+Murray+photo+2007.06.22+21KB+Picture%25209.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16960861.post-6824729011032951423</id><published>2011-09-12T00:10:00.001-06:00</published><updated>2011-09-12T00:12:20.516-06:00</updated><title type='text'>Murray, over 16 studies 2007 &amp; by year, recent peer-reviewed studies critical of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid): Rich Murray 2011.09.11: Martini -- Roberts references Dr3.doc Dr4.doc, Kamp 167 studies 1991: Monte 740 references summer, 2011 "While Science Sleeps": Rich Murray 2011.09.12</title><content type='html'>Murray, over 16 studies 2007 &amp;amp; by year, recent peer-reviewed studies critical of aspartame (methanol,&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, formic acid): Rich Murray 2011.09.11: Martini -- Roberts references Dr3.doc Dr4.doc, Kamp 167 studies 1991: Monte 740 references summer, 2011 "While Science Sleeps": Rich Murray 2011.09.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/murray-over-16-studies-2007-by-year.html"&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011/09/murray-over-16-studies-2007-by-year.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13 mainstream research studies in 24 months showing aspartame toxicity, also 3 relevant studies on methanol and formaldehyde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray, MA&lt;br /&gt;Room For All&lt;br /&gt;1943 Otowi Road&lt;br /&gt;Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 USA&lt;br /&gt;rmforall@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;505-819-7388 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Skype audio, video rich.murray11&lt;br /&gt;www.RMForAll.blogspot.com &amp;nbsp;blog&lt;br /&gt;http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;first posted: 20 August 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame toxicity was shown in thirteen detailed mainstream research&lt;br /&gt;studies in 24 months in work by expert teams in South Africa, England,&lt;br /&gt;Italy, Greece, Hungary, and Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Very little has been publicized in mass print and broadcast media.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also highly relevant are a study in South Korea that finds levels of&lt;br /&gt;methanol similar to those from aspartame drinks cause the hangovers&lt;br /&gt;from alcohol drinks, a study in China on Alzheimer's type damage in&lt;br /&gt;nerve cells from low dose formaldehyde, and an IARC review by 25&lt;br /&gt;experts that determines formaldehyde to be a human carcinogen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain.&lt;br /&gt;Humphries P,&lt;br /&gt;Pretorius E, resia.pretorius@up.ac.za,&lt;br /&gt;Naud .&lt;br /&gt;[1] Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng,&lt;br /&gt;South Africa&lt;br /&gt;[2] Department of Anatomy, University of the Limpopo, South Africa.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1463&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultrastruct Pathol. 2007 Mar-Apr; 31(2): 77-83.&lt;br /&gt;Ultrastructural changes to rabbit fibrin and platelets due to aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;Pretorius E,&lt;br /&gt;Humphries P.&lt;br /&gt;Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,&lt;br /&gt;University of Pretoria, South Africa.&lt;br /&gt;[ Humphries P also atDepartment of Anatomy, University of Limpopo.&lt;br /&gt;Medunsa Campus, Garankuwa. South Africa ]&lt;br /&gt;*Correspondence to E. Pretorius, BMW Building, PO Box 2034,&lt;br /&gt;Faculty of Health Sciences,&lt;br /&gt;University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1452&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http:// www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/womenfamily.html?in_article_id=45\3431&amp;amp;in_page_id=1799&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By UK Daily Mail Newspaper&lt;br /&gt;The proof food additives ARE as bad as we feared&lt;br /&gt;By SEAN POULTER Last updated at 09:53am on 18th May 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ This team will publish their confirming study later in 2007. ]&lt;br /&gt;http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/89/6/506&lt;br /&gt;Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004; 89(6): 506-511&lt;br /&gt;Erratum in: Arch Dis Child. 2005 Aug; 90(8): 875.&lt;br /&gt;) 2004 BMJ Publishing Group &amp;amp; Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health&lt;br /&gt;The effects of a double blind, placebo controlled, artificial food&lt;br /&gt;colourings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a&lt;br /&gt;general population sample of preschool children&lt;br /&gt;B Bateman 1,&lt;br /&gt;J O Warner 1, j.o.warner@imperial.ac.uk,&lt;br /&gt;E Hutchinson 3,&lt;br /&gt;T Dean 5, tara.dean@port.ac.uk,&lt;br /&gt;P Rowlandson 4, Dr. Piers Rolandson, Paediatric Tutor&lt;br /&gt;C Gant 5,&lt;br /&gt;J Grundy 5,&lt;br /&gt;C Fitzgerald 3&lt;br /&gt;and J Stevenson 2 jsteven@soton.ac.uk,&lt;br /&gt;1 Infection, Inflammation and Repair Division, University&lt;br /&gt;ofSouthampton, Southampton, UK&lt;br /&gt;2 Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK&lt;br /&gt;3 Department of Clinical Psychology, St Marys Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK&lt;br /&gt;4 Department of Paediatrics, St Marys Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK&lt;br /&gt;5 David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Marys&lt;br /&gt;Hospital,Isle of Wight, UK&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1461&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ehponline.org/members/2007/10271/10271.pdf free full text 24 pages&lt;br /&gt;National Institutes of Health&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services&lt;br /&gt;ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES&lt;br /&gt;Lifespan Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning During Prenatal&lt;br /&gt;Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats&lt;br /&gt;doi:10.1289/ehp.10271 (available at http://dx.doi.org)&lt;br /&gt;Online 13 June 2007&lt;br /&gt;Morando Soffritti 1,&lt;br /&gt;Fiorella Belpoggi 1,&lt;br /&gt;Eva Tibaldi 1,&lt;br /&gt;Davide Degli Esposti 1,&lt;br /&gt;Michela Lauriola 1&lt;br /&gt;1 Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini&lt;br /&gt;Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Bologna Italy&lt;br /&gt;Address of the institution: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center,&lt;br /&gt;European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences&lt;br /&gt;Castello di Bentivoglio, Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna,&lt;br /&gt;Italy &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +39 051 6640460 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; fax &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +39 051 6640223 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;crcfr@ramazzini.it, http://www.ramazzini.it&lt;br /&gt;Address correspondence to: M. Soffritti&lt;br /&gt;Acknowledgements:&lt;br /&gt;This research was supported entirely by the European Ramazzini&lt;br /&gt;Foundation Environmental Sciences.&lt;br /&gt;The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1441&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ramazzini.it/fondazione/docs/NYAS_Aspartame_Ramazzini.pdf&lt;br /&gt;Results of Long-Term Carcinogenicity Bioassay on Sprague-Dawley&lt;br /&gt;RatsExposed to Aspartame Administered in Feed&lt;br /&gt;Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2006 Sep; 1076: 559-577.&lt;br /&gt;Fiorella Belpoggi,&lt;br /&gt;Morando Soffritti,&lt;br /&gt;Michela Padovani,&lt;br /&gt;Davide Degli Esposti,&lt;br /&gt;Michelina Lauriola, and&lt;br /&gt;Franco Minardi.&lt;br /&gt;The end judges everything -- HERODOTUS (480-425 B.C.) The History&lt;br /&gt;Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center,&lt;br /&gt;European Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences&lt;br /&gt;'B. Ramazzini', 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1382&lt;br /&gt;[ and, previously ]&lt;br /&gt;First experimental demonstration of the multipotentialcarcinogenic&lt;br /&gt;effects of aspartame administered in the feed to Sprague-Dawley rats.&lt;br /&gt;Environ. Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114: 379-385. PMID: 16507461&lt;br /&gt;Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Degli Esposti D, Lambertini L, Tibaldi E, Rigano A.&lt;br /&gt;Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113, Number 11 November 2005&lt;br /&gt;Current print issue&lt;br /&gt;The full version of this article is available for free in PDF format.&lt;br /&gt;http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2005/8711/8711.pdf 35 pages&lt;br /&gt;First Experimental Demonstration of theMultipotential Carcinogenic&lt;br /&gt;Effects of Aspartame Administered in the Feed to Sprague-Dawley Rats.&lt;br /&gt;Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Davide Degli Esposti,Luca&lt;br /&gt;Lambertini, Eva Tibaldi, and Anna Rigano.&lt;br /&gt;doi:10.1289/ehp.8711 (available at http://dx.doi.org)&lt;br /&gt;Online 17 November 2005&lt;br /&gt;The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences&lt;br /&gt;National Institutes of Health&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ehponline.org&lt;br /&gt;Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center,&lt;br /&gt;European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences&lt;br /&gt;Sofritti, M. et al. 2005.&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats.&lt;br /&gt;Eur. J. Oncol. 2005; 10: 107-116.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jun 16;[Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;The effect of aspartame metabolites on the suckling rat frontal cortex&lt;br /&gt;acetylcholinesterase. An in vitro study.&lt;br /&gt;Simintzi I&lt;br /&gt;Schulpis KH, inchildh@otenet.gr&lt;br /&gt;Angelogianni P&lt;br /&gt;Liapi C&lt;br /&gt;Tsakiris S. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr&lt;br /&gt;Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School&lt;br /&gt;University of Athens&lt;br /&gt;P.O. Box 65257, GR 15401 Athens, Greece.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1459&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toxicology. 2007 May 18; [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;l-Cysteine and glutathione restore the reduction of rat hippocampal&lt;br /&gt;Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity induced by aspartame metabolites.&lt;br /&gt;Simintzi I&lt;br /&gt;Schulpis KH&lt;br /&gt;Angelogianni P&lt;br /&gt;Liapi C&lt;br /&gt;Tsakiris S&lt;br /&gt;Department of Experimental Physiology&lt;br /&gt;Medical School, Athens University&lt;br /&gt;P.O. Box 65257, GR-15401 Athens, Greece&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1447&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pharmacol Res. 2007 May 13; [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;The effect of aspartame on acetylcholinesterase activity in&lt;br /&gt;hippocampal homogenates of suckling rats.&lt;br /&gt;Simintzi I&lt;br /&gt;Schulpis KH&lt;br /&gt;Angelogianni P&lt;br /&gt;Liapi C&lt;br /&gt;Tsakiris S&lt;br /&gt;Department of Experimental Physiology&lt;br /&gt;Medical School, University of Athens&lt;br /&gt;P.O. Box 65257, GR-15401 Athens, Greece.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1444&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec 14; [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na(+),&lt;br /&gt;K(+)-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte&lt;br /&gt;[red blood cell] membrane.&lt;br /&gt;Schulpis KH, Kleopatra H. Schulpis, MD, PhD.&lt;br /&gt;Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital&lt;br /&gt;GR-11527 Athens (Greece) +30 1 7708291, Fax +30 1 7700111&lt;br /&gt;inchildh@otenet.gr&lt;br /&gt;Papassotiriou I, biochem@paidon-agiasofia.gr&lt;br /&gt;Tsakiris T&lt;br /&gt;Tsakiris S. Stylianos Tsakiris. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr&lt;br /&gt;1 Institute of Child Health, Research Center&lt;br /&gt;'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.&lt;br /&gt;ggbriass@med.uoc.gr ersi_voskaridou@yahoo.com&lt;br /&gt;mmoschov@med.uoa.gr siahanidou@hotmail.com&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1279&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pharmacol Res. 2005 Aug 26; [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;The effect of aspartame metabolites on human [red blood cell]&lt;br /&gt;erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase activity.&lt;br /&gt;Tsakiris S&lt;br /&gt;Giannoulia-Karantana A&lt;br /&gt;Simintzi I&lt;br /&gt;Schulpis KH&lt;br /&gt;Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School&lt;br /&gt;University of Athens, P.O. Box 65257, GR-154 01 Athens, Greece.&lt;br /&gt;Stylianos Tsakiris. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr&lt;br /&gt;Giannoulia-Karantana A. First Department of Pediatrics&lt;br /&gt;Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Greece.&lt;br /&gt;Kleopatra H. Schulpis, MD, PhD. Institute of Child Health&lt;br /&gt;Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, GR-11527 Athens (Greece)&lt;br /&gt;Tel. +30 1 7708291, Fax +30 1 7700111 inchildh@otenet.gr&lt;br /&gt;[ Papoutsakis T. tina.papoutsakis@hua.gr&lt;br /&gt;Papadopoulos G. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology&lt;br /&gt;University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, 41221 Larisa, Greece&lt;br /&gt;papg@chem.auth.gr, ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1213&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Vivo. 2007 Jan-Feb; 21(1): 89-92.&lt;br /&gt;The effect of aspartame administration on oncogene and suppressor&lt;br /&gt;geneexpressions.&lt;br /&gt;Gombos K, katalin_gombos@yahoo.com&lt;br /&gt;Varjas T&lt;br /&gt;Orsos Z&lt;br /&gt;Polyak E&lt;br /&gt;Peredi J&lt;br /&gt;Varga Z&lt;br /&gt;Nowrasteh G&lt;br /&gt;Tettinger A&lt;br /&gt;Mucsi G&lt;br /&gt;Ember I.&lt;br /&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health University of Pecs&lt;br /&gt;Pecs, Hungary.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1414&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 Aug; 25(8): 453-9.&lt;br /&gt;The effect of aspartame on rat brain xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.&lt;br /&gt;Vences-Mejia A 1&lt;br /&gt;Labra-Ruiz N 1&lt;br /&gt;Hernandez-Martinez N 1&lt;br /&gt;Dorado-Gonzalez V 1&lt;br /&gt;Gomez-Garduno J 1&lt;br /&gt;Perez-Lopez I 1&lt;br /&gt;Nosti-Palacios R 1&lt;br /&gt;Camacho Carranza R 2&lt;br /&gt;Espinosa-Aguirre JJ 2.&lt;br /&gt;Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica&lt;br /&gt;1: Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Insurgentes Sur, 3700-C&lt;br /&gt;04530 Mexico, DF Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;2: Instituto de Investigaciones Biom cas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228&lt;br /&gt;Ciudad Universitaria 04510 M co, D.F., M co&lt;br /&gt;http://www.biomedicas.unam.mx/index.asp&lt;br /&gt;*Correspondence: JJ Espinosa-Aguirre, Instituto de Investigaciones&lt;br /&gt;Biome4dicas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228, Ciudad&lt;br /&gt;Universitaria 04510 Me4xico, D.F., Mexico&lt;br /&gt;Human &amp;amp; Experimental Toxicology (2006) 25(8): 453 - 459.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.sagepublications.com&lt;br /&gt;c 2006 SAGE Publications 10.1191/0960327106het646oa&lt;br /&gt;[ Dra. Araceli Vences M&lt;br /&gt;Jefa de Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica&lt;br /&gt;60 P de Hospital Laboratorios&lt;br /&gt;10 84 09 00 Ext.1410 -1448 aritaven@yahoo.com.mx, ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1373&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):178-87.&lt;br /&gt;Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a&lt;br /&gt;developmental neurotoxicity test.&lt;br /&gt;Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV.&lt;br /&gt;Developmental Toxicopathology Unit&lt;br /&gt;Department of Human Anatomy &amp;amp; Cell Biology&lt;br /&gt;University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK&lt;br /&gt;Department of Pharmacology &amp;amp; Therapeutics&lt;br /&gt;University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.&lt;br /&gt;W. Graham McLean w.g.mclean@liv.ac.uk&lt;br /&gt;C. V. Howard c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk&lt;br /&gt;D. P. Williams dom@liv.ac.uk, 0151 794 5791 http://www.liv.ac.uk&lt;br /&gt;Miss. Karen Lau karenlau@liv.ac.uk, 0151 795 4223&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2202-8-9.pdf&lt;br /&gt;Free full text 28 pages&lt;br /&gt;This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance.&lt;br /&gt;Copyedited and fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will&lt;br /&gt;be made available soon.&lt;br /&gt;Amyloid-like aggregates of neuronal tau induced by formaldehyde&lt;br /&gt;promote apoptosis of neuronal cells&lt;br /&gt;BMC Neuroscience 2007 Jan 23, 8(1): 9 doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-9&lt;br /&gt;Chunlai Nie niecl1022@ioz.ac.cn&lt;br /&gt;Xing sheng Wang step@sun5.ibp.ac.cn Sarah Perrett sperrett@ibp.ac.cn&lt;br /&gt;Rongqiao He herq@sun5.ibp.ac.cn&lt;br /&gt;ISSN 1471-2202&lt;br /&gt;Article type Research article&lt;br /&gt;Submission date 15 August 2006&lt;br /&gt;Acceptance date 23 January 2007&lt;br /&gt;Publication date 23 January 2007&lt;br /&gt;Article URL http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/9&lt;br /&gt;Chun Lai Nie 1,3&lt;br /&gt;Xing Sheng Wang 1,3&lt;br /&gt;Ying Liu 1&lt;br /&gt;Sarah Perrett 2 and&lt;br /&gt;Rong Qiao He 1,3*&lt;br /&gt;1 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science&lt;br /&gt;Institute of Biophysics, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China&lt;br /&gt;2 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules 3 Graduate School, Chinese&lt;br /&gt;Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan&lt;br /&gt;District, Beijing 100049, China&lt;br /&gt;*Corresponding author&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1406&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Addict Biol. 2005 Dec;10(4): 351-5.&lt;br /&gt;Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples during an&lt;br /&gt;experimentally induced alcohol hangover state.&lt;br /&gt;Woo YS, Yoon SJ, Lee HK, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee CT, Kim DJ.&lt;br /&gt;Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry&lt;br /&gt;The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng&lt;br /&gt;sysop@catholic.ac.kr&lt;br /&gt;Songsin Campus: 02-740-9714&lt;br /&gt;Songsim Campus: 02-2164-4116&lt;br /&gt;Songeui Campus: 02-2164-4114&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/sub055.htm eight hospitals&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1394&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" Absorbed formaldehyde can be oxidized to formate and carbon dioxide&lt;br /&gt;or can be incorporated into biologic macromolecules. " [ References&lt;br /&gt;include: Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Lambertini L, Lauriola M, Padovani&lt;br /&gt;M, Maltoni C. 2002. Results of long-term experimental studies on the&lt;br /&gt;carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann NY Acad&lt;br /&gt;Sci 982: 87-105.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soffritti M, Maltoni C, Maffei F, Biagi R. 1989. Formaldehyde: an&lt;br /&gt;experimental multipotential carcinogen. Toxicol Ind Health 5:699-730.&lt;br /&gt;"Morando Soffritti is a member of the Working Group.]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ehponline.org/members/2005/7542/7542.html free full text&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After a thorough discussion of the epidemiologic, experimental, and&lt;br /&gt;other relevant data, the working group concluded that formaldehyde is&lt;br /&gt;carcinogenic to humans, based on sufficient evidence in humans and in&lt;br /&gt;experimental animals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the epidemiologic studies, there was sufficient evidence that&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde causes nasopharyngeal cancer, "strong but not sufficient"&lt;br /&gt;evidence of leukemia, and limited evidence of sinonasal cancer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The working group also concluded that 2-butoxyethanol and&lt;br /&gt;1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol are not classifiable as to their&lt;br /&gt;carcinogenicity to humans, each having limited evidence in&lt;br /&gt;experimental animals and inadequate evidence in humans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These three evaluations and the supporting data will be published as&lt;br /&gt;Volume 88 of the IARC Monographs. PMID: 16140628&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9): 1205-8.&lt;br /&gt;Meeting report: summary of IARC monographs on formaldehyde,&lt;br /&gt;2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol.&lt;br /&gt;Cogliano VJ, Vincent James Cogliano cogliano@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;Grosse Y, Yann Grosse grosse@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;Baan RA, Robert A. Baan baan@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;Straif K, Kurt straif@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;Secretan MB, Marie B rice Secretan secretan@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;El Ghissassi F, Fatiha El Ghissassi elghissassi@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;Working Group for Volume 88.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IARC, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France&lt;br /&gt;Tel: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +33 (0)4 72 73 84 85 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; - Fax: +33 (0)4 72 73 85 75&lt;br /&gt;IARC 2004 - All Rights Reserved&lt;br /&gt;http://monographs.iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;cie@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monographs Recently Published&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IARC Monographs Vol 88&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol&lt;br /&gt;December 2006&lt;br /&gt;478 pages&lt;br /&gt;ISBN 92 832 1288 6&lt;br /&gt;US$ 40&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This volume re-evaluates the available evidence on the carcinogenic&lt;br /&gt;potential of formaldehyde, a substance that is found in the workplace&lt;br /&gt;and in the environment. Formaldehyde is widely used in resins that&lt;br /&gt;bind wood products, pulp and paper; in glasswool and rockwool&lt;br /&gt;insulation; in plastics and coatings, textile finishing, chemical&lt;br /&gt;manufacture; and as a disinfectant and preservative. Also evaluated&lt;br /&gt;are two glycol ethers, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-ol,&lt;br /&gt;which are widely used as solvents in paints and paint thinners,&lt;br /&gt;coatings, glass and surface cleaners, inks, adhesives, personal-care&lt;br /&gt;products, and as chemical intermediates. As for formaldehyde, there is&lt;br /&gt;sufficient evidence in epidemiological studies for nasopharyngeal&lt;br /&gt;cancer, strong but not sufficient evidence for leukaemia, and limited&lt;br /&gt;evidence for sinonasal cancer. The extensive scientific database on&lt;br /&gt;the mechanisms by which formaldehyde can induce nasal-tract cancer in&lt;br /&gt;humans is considered. These data provide strong support for the&lt;br /&gt;empirical observation of nasopharyngeal cancer in humans. In contrast,&lt;br /&gt;the lack of information on possible mechanisms by which formaldehyde&lt;br /&gt;might increase the risk for leukaemia in humans tempered the&lt;br /&gt;interpretation of the epidemiological data on that cancer. Although&lt;br /&gt;this volume focuses on a qualitative assessment of the carcinogenic&lt;br /&gt;potential of formaldehyde, subsequent predictions of the risks for&lt;br /&gt;nasopharyngeal cancer should consider pertinent information on&lt;br /&gt;mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including genotoxicity and&lt;br /&gt;dose-dependent cytoxicity. A theme common to the three evaluations is&lt;br /&gt;the consideration of mechanistic information to develop and evaluate&lt;br /&gt;hypotheses on the sequence of steps that lead to the induction of&lt;br /&gt;tumours in experimental animals. The hypothesized mechanisms described&lt;br /&gt;provide an interesting set of cases that range from a vast literature&lt;br /&gt;on respiratory tract tumours in rats induced by the inhalation of&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde to some more tentative hypotheses on the various tumours&lt;br /&gt;observed in animals following exposure to both glycol ethers.&lt;br /&gt;Recurring issues were the criteria that characterize a rare tumour or&lt;br /&gt;how to introduce additional information to resolve difficult&lt;br /&gt;questions; for example, how to consider the results of historical&lt;br /&gt;controls.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An international, interdisciplinary working group of expert scientists&lt;br /&gt;met in June 2004 to develop IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the&lt;br /&gt;Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans (IARC Monographs) on&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each IARC Monograph includes a critical review of the pertinent&lt;br /&gt;scientific literature and an evaluation of an agent's potential to&lt;br /&gt;cause cancer in humans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key words: 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, carcinogen,&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, glycol ethers, hazard identification, IARC Monographs,&lt;br /&gt;leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, sinonasal cancer. Environ Health&lt;br /&gt;Perspect 113: 1205-1208 (2005). doi:10.1289/ehp.7542 available via&lt;br /&gt;http://dx.doi.org [Online 12 May 2005]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Address correspondence to V.J. Cogliano&lt;br /&gt;Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation&lt;br /&gt;International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours&lt;br /&gt;Albert Thomas&lt;br /&gt;69372 Lyon cedex 08, France.&lt;br /&gt;33-4-72-73-84-76. fax 33-4-72-73-83-19&lt;br /&gt;cogliano@iarc.fr&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Working Group for Volume 88 of the IARC Monographs includes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ulrich Andrae (Germany)&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Ulrich Andrae&lt;br /&gt;GSF-Institut f ikologie,. Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany&lt;br /&gt;Fax: 149-089-3187-3449&lt;br /&gt;Sherwood Burge (UK)&lt;br /&gt;andrae@gsf.de&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rajendra S Chhabra (USA)&lt;br /&gt;http://dir.niehs.nih.gov/dirtob/chhabra.htm&lt;br /&gt;General Toxicology Group, TOB, ETP, DIR&lt;br /&gt;chhabrar@niehs.nih.gov&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John Cocker (UK)&lt;br /&gt;Health and Safety Laboratory, Buxton, UK&lt;br /&gt;john.cocker@hsl.gov.uk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David N Coggon (UK)&lt;br /&gt;MRC Environmental Epidemiology&lt;br /&gt;Unit at the University of Southampton, UK&lt;br /&gt;dnc@mrc.soton.ac.uk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rory Conolly (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Senior Research Biologist&lt;br /&gt;National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&lt;br /&gt;Rconolly@ciit.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paul Demers (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Occupational Hygiene Institute&lt;br /&gt;University of British Columbia&lt;br /&gt;pdemers@unixg.ubc.ca&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David A Eastmond (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program&lt;br /&gt;University of California&lt;br /&gt;Riverside, CA 92521&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (951) 827-4497 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (Voice) &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (951) 827-3087 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (Fax)&lt;br /&gt;david.eastmond@ucr.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Elaine Faustman (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Professor, Env. and Occ. Health Sciences, Adjunct Professor&lt;br /&gt;Evans School&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 206-685-2269 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;faustman@u.washington.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Victor J Feron (the Netherlands)&lt;br /&gt;TNO Nutrition and Food Research (retired)&lt;br /&gt;The Netherlands TNO-CIVO TOXICOLOGY AND NUTRITION INSTITUTE&lt;br /&gt;Utrechtseweg 48 3704 HE Zeist The Netherlands&lt;br /&gt;(31)-3404 44 144&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michel G n (Canada, Chair)&lt;br /&gt;Departement de medecine du travail et d'hygiene du milieu&lt;br /&gt;Universite de Montreal&lt;br /&gt;Quebec, Canada&lt;br /&gt;gerinm@ere.umontreal.ca&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marcel Goldberg (France)&lt;br /&gt;France -- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM&lt;br /&gt;Unite 88, HNSM 14 Rue de Val d'Osne F-94410 St. Maurice France&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; [33] 1-451-83859 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; [33] 1-451-83889 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Departement Sante Travail, Institut de Veille Sanitaire&lt;br /&gt;12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94410 Saint Maurice, France&lt;br /&gt;marcel.goldberg@st-maurice.inserm.fr&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bernard D Goldstein (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Director of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences&lt;br /&gt;Institute and Professor and Chair of the Department of Environmental&lt;br /&gt;and Community Medicine at UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.&lt;br /&gt;Dean's Office&lt;br /&gt;University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health&lt;br /&gt;A624 Crabtree Hall, 130 DeSoto St.&lt;br /&gt;Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA&lt;br /&gt;bdgold@pitt.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Roland C Grafstr (Sweden)&lt;br /&gt;Roland C Grafstr Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet&lt;br /&gt;Box 210, S 17177 Stockholm, Sweden&lt;br /&gt;Telefax: +46-8 329402&lt;br /&gt;roland.grafstrom@imm.ki.se&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Johnni Hansen, PhD (Denmark)&lt;br /&gt;Senior Researcher&lt;br /&gt;Danish Cancer Registry&lt;br /&gt;Institute of Cancer Epidemiology&lt;br /&gt;Danish Cancer Society&lt;br /&gt;Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark&lt;br /&gt;johnni@cancer.dk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michael Hauptmann (USA), The National Cancer Institute&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kathy Hughes (Canada), Head, Existing Substances Section 1, Health Canada&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ted Junghans (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Technical Resources&lt;br /&gt;International, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;6500 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 650&lt;br /&gt;Bethesda, MD 20817, USA&lt;br /&gt;tjunghans@tech-res.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dan Krewski, MHA, MSc, PhD (Canada)&lt;br /&gt;Professor Director, R. Samuel McLaughlin&lt;br /&gt;Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health&lt;br /&gt;1 Stewart Street, Room 320&lt;br /&gt;Phone: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (613) 562-5381 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Fax: (613)562-5380&lt;br /&gt;dkrewski@uottawa.ca&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Steve Olin (USA)&lt;br /&gt;ILSI International Life Sciences Institute&lt;br /&gt;solin@ilsi.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Martine Reynier (France)&lt;br /&gt;Mme Martine REYNIER&lt;br /&gt;Institut National de Recherche et de S rit INRS)&lt;br /&gt;30, rue Olivier Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14 (France)&lt;br /&gt;Tel : &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +33 (0)1 40 44 30 81 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Fax : +33 (0)1 40 44 30 54&lt;br /&gt;martine.reynier@inrs.fr&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judith Shaham (Israel) Occupational Cancer Department&lt;br /&gt;National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health&lt;br /&gt;Raanana, Israel. MD&lt;br /&gt;Occupational Cancer Unit, Occupational Health &amp;amp; Rehabilitation Institute&lt;br /&gt;P.O. Box 3, Raanana 43100, ISRAEL&lt;br /&gt;yshaham@bezeqint.net&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Morando Soffritti (Italy)&lt;br /&gt;European Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences&lt;br /&gt;B. Ramazzini Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center&lt;br /&gt;Bologna, Italy&lt;br /&gt;crcfr@ramazzini.it&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leslie Stayner (USA)&lt;br /&gt;Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics&lt;br /&gt;University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health (M/C 923)&lt;br /&gt;1603 West Taylor Street, Room 971&lt;br /&gt;Chicago, IL 60612&lt;br /&gt;E-mail: lstayner@uic.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patricia Stewart (USA)&lt;br /&gt;National Food Safety and Toxicology Center&lt;br /&gt;165 Food Safety and Toxicology Building&lt;br /&gt;Michigan State University&lt;br /&gt;East Lansing, MI 48824&lt;br /&gt;Fax (517) 432-2310&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Douglas Wolf (USA) , wolf.doug@epa.gov, DVM, PhD, USEPA, (Toxicology)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of the&lt;br /&gt;administrative staff of the IARC Monographs: S. Egraz, M. L re, J.&lt;br /&gt;Mitchell, and E. Perez. The IARC Monographs are supported, in part, by&lt;br /&gt;grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the European&lt;br /&gt;Commission, the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health&lt;br /&gt;Sciences, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors&lt;br /&gt;declare they have no competing financial interests. Received 31 August&lt;br /&gt;2004; accepted 12 May 2005.&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1417&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1457&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame bans, tis more an avalanche than a trend...: Rich Murray 2007.08.17&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ see also: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1458&lt;br /&gt;ASDA, Wal-Mart's UK supermarket chain, bans artificial colors, trans&lt;br /&gt;fats, MSG and aspartame, Marguerite Kelly, The Washington Post: Murray&lt;br /&gt;2007.08.03 ] So far, USA print and broadcast media are deaf, blind,&lt;br /&gt;and dumb, regarding recent major bans of aspartame and MSG in the UK&lt;br /&gt;and EU.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The EU Parliament voted July 12 to ban artificial sweeteners in newly&lt;br /&gt;born and infant foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On May 15 four huge UK supermarket chains announced bans of aspartame&lt;br /&gt;and MSG, food dyes, and many additives to protect kids from ADHD --&lt;br /&gt;Sainsbury, Tesco, Marks &amp;amp; Spencer, and ASDA, a unit of WalMart.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;May 31: Coca-Cola and the much larger Cargill Inc., after years of&lt;br /&gt;secret development, with 24 patents, will soon sell rebiana (stevia)&lt;br /&gt;in drinks and food in the many nations where it is approved as a&lt;br /&gt;sweetener -- for decades a major sweetener in Japan, China, Korea,&lt;br /&gt;Taiwan, Thailand, Malasia, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay,&lt;br /&gt;Uruguay, and Israel, and an approved supplement in USA, Australia, and&lt;br /&gt;Canada, according to Wikipedia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1454&lt;br /&gt;Recent research and news re aspartame and stevia: Murray 2007.08.16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1395&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame Controversy, in Wikipedia democratic encyclopedia, 72&lt;br /&gt;references (including AspartameNM # 864 and 1173 by Murray, brief fair&lt;br /&gt;summary of much more research: Murray 2007.01.01&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1453&lt;br /&gt;Souring on fake sugar (aspartame), Jennifer Couzin, Science&lt;br /&gt;2007.07.06: 4 page letter to FDA from 12 eminent USA toxicologists re&lt;br /&gt;two Ramazzini Foundation cancer studies 2007.06.25: Murray 2007.07.18&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1451&lt;br /&gt;Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose) and coloring agents will&lt;br /&gt;be banned from use in newly-born and baby foods, the European&lt;br /&gt;Parliament decided: Latvia ban in schools 2006: Murray 2007.07.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1437&lt;br /&gt;Stevia to be approved and cyclamates limited by Food Standards&lt;br /&gt;Australia New Zealand: JMC Geuns critiques of two recent stevia&lt;br /&gt;studies by Nunes: Murray 2007.05.29&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1427&lt;br /&gt;more from The Independent, UK, Martin Hickman, re ASDA (unit of&lt;br /&gt;Wal-Mart Stores) and Marks &amp;amp; Spencer ban of aspartame, MSG, artificial&lt;br /&gt;chemical additives and dyes to prevent ADHD in kids: urray 2007.05.16&lt;br /&gt;http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/health_medical/article2548747.ece&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1426&lt;br /&gt;ASDA (unit of Wal-Mart Stores WMT.N) and Marks &amp;amp; Spencer will join&lt;br /&gt;Tesco and also Sainsbury to ban and limit aspartame, MSG, artificial&lt;br /&gt;flavors dyes preservatives additives, trans fats, salt "nasties" to&lt;br /&gt;protect kids from ADHD: leading UK media: Murray 2007.05.15&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1438&lt;br /&gt;"&amp;gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1438&lt;br /&gt;Coca-Cola and Cargill Inc., after years of development, with 24&lt;br /&gt;patents, will soon sell rebiana (stevia) in drinks and foods: Murray&lt;br /&gt;2007.05.31&lt;br /&gt;*******&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by year, recent peer-reviewed studies critical of aspartame (methanol,&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, formic acid): Rich Murray 2011.09.11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.endthehabit.com/content/health_canada2.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"For example, a pack-a-day smoker will smoke 7,300 cigarettes a year&lt;br /&gt;and will inhale the equivalent of almost 1 gram of formaldehyde that&lt;br /&gt;year."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their chart shows that smoking a pack of 20 cigarettes gives mg 0.7 --&lt;br /&gt;2.6 mg daily formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FEMA found 1.2 ppm formaldehyde in April 2005&lt;br /&gt;in one of over 120,000 mobile homes&lt;br /&gt;supplied for recent hurricane victims --&lt;br /&gt;75 times more than the&lt;br /&gt;0.016 level set for 8-hour working days&lt;br /&gt;by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health&lt;br /&gt;for workers to be required to wear respirators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/tac/appendxc.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 ppm FA in air = 1.23 mg/cubic meter, so breathing 20 cubic meters&lt;br /&gt;average daily air intake would retain about 20 mg FA daily,&lt;br /&gt;ten times the 1999 EPA alarm level for drinking water,&lt;br /&gt;2 mg formaldehyde in 2 L daily drinking water.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;High levels of methanol come from dark wines and liquors,&lt;br /&gt;as well as aspartame, above 120 mg daily for long-term heavy users,&lt;br /&gt;who drink 2 L daily, about 6 cans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aspartame quickly releases its methanol, which the ADH enzyme&lt;br /&gt;promptly turns into toxic formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;However, ethanol preempts the ADH enzyme, which turns ethanol into&lt;br /&gt;toxic acetaldehyde -- it is only after 9-13 hours in most people&lt;br /&gt;that blood ethanol levels become so low that the remaining blood&lt;br /&gt;methanol starts being converted by the ADH enzyme into formaldehyde&lt;br /&gt;directly in tissues next to blood capillaries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ingested methanol soon appears in the blood with a half-life of about 2.5 hours,&lt;br /&gt;so after 13 hours, the methanol blood level will be reduced 32 times to about&lt;br /&gt;3% of its starting level.&lt;br /&gt;2 L aspartame soft drink will give 120 mg methanol in the body (blood),&lt;br /&gt;dropping to about 3% in 13 hours to 3.6 mg in the body (blood).&lt;br /&gt;The average body has about 5.6 L blood, so the initial methanol blood level&lt;br /&gt;will be 20 mg/L, and after 13 hours the level will be only about 3%,&lt;br /&gt;about 0.6 mg/L, resulting in concentrations of formaldehyde in tissues&lt;br /&gt;where the ADH enzyme is concentrated:&lt;br /&gt;brain, liver, kidney, retina, skin, prostate, muscles, breast, womb...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J. D. Trasher et al in 1990 found many symptoms&lt;br /&gt;in 19 mobile home residents,&lt;br /&gt;living with 0.05 to 0.5 ppm formaldehyde in indoor air --&lt;br /&gt;far less than the harmful 1.2 ppm levels found by FEMA&lt;br /&gt;in many mobile homes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.drthrasher.org/formaldehyde_1990.html full text&lt;br /&gt;Jack Dwayne Thrasher, Alan Broughton, Roberta Madison.&lt;br /&gt;Immune activation and autoantibodies in humans&lt;br /&gt;with long-term inhalation exposure to formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;Archives of Environmental Health. 1990; 45: 217-223.&lt;br /&gt;"Immune activation, autoantibodies, and anti-HCHO-HSA antibodies&lt;br /&gt;are associated with long-term formaldehyde inhalation."&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 2400243&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" The patients in our study had symptoms and complaints&lt;br /&gt;related to several organs, as described previously, (4,5,9)&lt;br /&gt;which were similar to symptoms&lt;br /&gt;of workers with multiple chemical sensitivity,(11) cacosmia,(12)&lt;br /&gt;and other chemical exposures. (13-15)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We report on the differences in&lt;br /&gt;humoral and cell-mediated immunity in humans with long-term inhalation&lt;br /&gt;exposure to HCHO vs. asymptomatic students (controls) who experienced&lt;br /&gt;short-term, periodic exposure to the chemical. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" All patients in this study&lt;br /&gt;had sought continuous medical attention&lt;br /&gt;because of multiple organ symptoms&lt;br /&gt;involving the central nervous system (CNS)&lt;br /&gt;(headaches, memory loss, difficulty completing tasks, dizziness),&lt;br /&gt;upper- and lower-respiratory symptoms,&lt;br /&gt;skeletal-muscle complaints,&lt;br /&gt;and gastroenteritis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Three common symptoms were expressed:&lt;br /&gt;(1) and initial flu-like illness&lt;br /&gt;from which they had not fully recovered;&lt;br /&gt;(2) chronic fatigue,&lt;br /&gt;and (3) an olfactory sensitivity to ambient conditions&lt;br /&gt;containing low concentrations of chemicals. (4,9,11) "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" (2.) Mobile home residents consisted&lt;br /&gt;of 19 patients (6 males, 13 females, mean age 41 +-20 y)&lt;br /&gt;who currently lived in mobile homes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The patients had lived in their environments for 2-7 y&lt;br /&gt;and reported multiple symptoms. (4,9)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Measured HCHO concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm&lt;br /&gt;at the time blood samples were taken. "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Victoria Inness-Brown, 3 books and 5-part video on 2.5 year study on&lt;br /&gt;many large tumors in 60 rats fed NutraSweet (aspartame, dextrose,&lt;br /&gt;maltodextrine): Joseph Mercola: Rich Murray 2011.06.23&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Thursday, June 23, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1627&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An intelligent citizen videotaped her own study at home, feeding 30&lt;br /&gt;male and 30 female rats NutraSweet, at the US FDA human limit of 50 mg&lt;br /&gt;aspartame per kg body weight -- 3,000 mg (3 grams) for humans, about&lt;br /&gt;15 12-oz diet drinks daily -- a level reached by some users.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rodents are about ten or more times resistant to methanol&lt;br /&gt;(formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity as humans -- this is why a&lt;br /&gt;century ago animal tests led scientists to decide that methanol was&lt;br /&gt;safe for humans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ihealthtube.com/aspx/viewvideo.aspx?v=6d2705d064bf79a1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Information&lt;br /&gt;From: iHealthTube Admin&lt;br /&gt;Added: 6/21/2011&lt;br /&gt;Time: 14:17&lt;br /&gt;Views: 52&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Joseph Mercola speaks with Victoria Inness-Brown about artificial&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners, particularly aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;She looks at the negative effects of aspartame and why it should be avoided.&lt;br /&gt;This is part one of a five-part video series.&lt;br /&gt;Contributor(s): Mercola, Joseph D.O.&lt;br /&gt;Tags: artificial sweeteners, aspartame&lt;br /&gt;Transcript: None&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mpwhi.com/aspartame_study_female_rats_developed_visible_tumors.pdf&lt;br /&gt;3 page summary &amp;nbsp;2011.03.03 color photos&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame Study: 67% of Female Rats Developed Visible Tumors&lt;br /&gt;By Victoria Inness-Brown, M.A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartameexperiment.com&lt;br /&gt;links automatically to&lt;br /&gt;http://www.writerswithoutborders.net/vib/aspartame/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My Aspartame Experiment: Report from a Private Citizen, is available&lt;br /&gt;in two versions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The color edition provides full color photos of the results of my experiment.&lt;br /&gt;https://www.createspace.com/900002308 &amp;nbsp;$ 23.95 164 pages 201.04.15&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The black and white edition is intended to be more affordable, though&lt;br /&gt;less dramatic, as all photos are in black and white.&lt;br /&gt;https://www.createspace.com/900002309 &amp;nbsp;$ 9.95 164 pages &amp;nbsp;2010.04.15&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My newest publication called Are Your Diet Sodas Killing You? Results&lt;br /&gt;from My Aspartame Experiment, is an extract of the color version&lt;br /&gt;intended for those primarily interested in my photographic results.&lt;br /&gt;https://www.createspace.com/3507100 $ 14.95 56 pages 2010.11.30&lt;br /&gt;ISBN/EAN13: 1456377736 / 9781456377731&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About the author:&lt;br /&gt;Victoria Inness-Brown was graduated from the University of California,&lt;br /&gt;San Diego with bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics.&lt;br /&gt;For nearly thirty years, she has worked as an award-winning technical&lt;br /&gt;writer for numerous high-tech companies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My Aspartame Experiment&lt;br /&gt;Report from a Private Citizen (Color Edition)&lt;br /&gt;Authored by Victoria Inness-Brown, M.A.&lt;br /&gt;Edited by Gini Energy, Cher Gilmore, Lalchumi Ralte, Damien Andrews,&lt;br /&gt;Sally Altman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In My Aspartame Experiment: Report from a Private Citizen, author&lt;br /&gt;Victoria Inness-Brown recounts her controversial 2-1/2 year study of&lt;br /&gt;the effects of the artificial sweetener aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;Found in packets of NutraSweet or Equal, the artificial sweetener is&lt;br /&gt;ingested by an estimated 200 million people and found in over 6,000&lt;br /&gt;consumables, including sodas, candies, coffees, pharmaceuticals,&lt;br /&gt;vitamins, and dairy products.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though approved by the FDA, Inness-Brown claims the approval was based&lt;br /&gt;on studies cut off before the true effects of the additive could be&lt;br /&gt;seen.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, human studies use aspartame in capsules, which is not&lt;br /&gt;assimilated as fully as its liquid form, thereby minimizing adverse&lt;br /&gt;effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concerned about the health of family members addicted to diet soda,&lt;br /&gt;Inness-Brown raised 108 rats, giving 60 NutraSweet-laced water for&lt;br /&gt;2-1/2 &amp;nbsp;years.&lt;br /&gt;As her rats on aspartame began manifesting tumors, paralysis, infected&lt;br /&gt;and bleeding eyes, and obesity, Inness-Brown made digital videos of&lt;br /&gt;the results, culminating in a disturbing visual record of the dangers&lt;br /&gt;of the additive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When leaked on the net in 2008, her findings became a hot news topic&lt;br /&gt;on popular blogs.&lt;br /&gt;Carefully researched, laced with photos and quotes from aspartame&lt;br /&gt;sufferers, scientists, and doctors, her book shows that a citizen can&lt;br /&gt;go up against a drug conglomerate and provide the public with&lt;br /&gt;important new information about a dangerous substance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not since Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, has a book held such&lt;br /&gt;potential for social change.&lt;br /&gt;Her analysis of the environment she provided her rats brings up&lt;br /&gt;frightening issues about pesticides, herbicides, genetically modified&lt;br /&gt;foods, animal products, water and air quality.&lt;br /&gt;She believes that we are the rats of the companies that liberally&lt;br /&gt;spread their synthetic chemicals worldwide.&lt;br /&gt;No one fully understands the long-term effects, especially the results&lt;br /&gt;from intermixing thousands of toxic chemicals within the plant and&lt;br /&gt;animal kingdoms sustaining our planet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Publication Date: Apr 15 2010&lt;br /&gt;ISBN/EAN13: 1439210403 / 9781439210406&lt;br /&gt;Page Count: 164&lt;br /&gt;Binding Type: US Trade Paper&lt;br /&gt;Trim Size: 8" x 10"&lt;br /&gt;Language: English&lt;br /&gt;Color: Full Color&lt;br /&gt;Related Categories: Health &amp;amp; Fitness / Safety&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://writerswithoutborders.net/vib/victoriainnessbrown/&lt;br /&gt;resume &amp;nbsp; vib@writerswithoutborders.net&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.linkedin.com/pub/victoria-inness-brown/a/ba7/3b7&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;30 female pet store rats drinking lifelong 13.5 mg aspartame, 1/3 packet of&lt;br /&gt;Equal, had 33% with obvious tumors -- also bulging, sick, and missing eyes,&lt;br /&gt;paralysis, obesity, skin sores -- agrees with Ramazzini Foundation results,&lt;br /&gt;Victoria Inness-Brown: Murray 2008.02.15&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Friday, February 15, 2008&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1521&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame, acesulfame K, saccharin, fructose each "caused accelerated&lt;br /&gt;senescence in human dermal fibroblasts" (re metabolic syndrome and&lt;br /&gt;diabetes), Kyung-Hyun Cho et al, Yeungnam University, Korea, Mol&lt;br /&gt;Cells. 2011 Apr 21: Rich Murray 2011.05.21&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, May 21, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1624&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame doubts aired by EU MPs Corinne Lepage and Antonyia Parvanova&lt;br /&gt;-- EFSA National Experts agreed that "there should be more clarity&lt;br /&gt;about the metabolism of aspartame": Rich Murray 2011.04.24&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, April 24, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1621&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame water in rats for 6 months causes liver harm, RH Nair et al,&lt;br /&gt;Mahatma Gandhi U, Food Chem Toxicol 2011.03.02: Rich Murray 2011.03.12&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_03_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, March 12, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1620&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376768&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Effect of long term intake of aspartame on antioxidant defense status in liver.&lt;br /&gt;Abhilash M, Paul MV, Varghese MV, Nair RH.&lt;br /&gt;School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University,&lt;br /&gt;Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560.&lt;br /&gt;harikumarannair@hotmail.com, harinair@fastmail.fm,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;careful expert lifetime study on mice shows liver and lung cancers&lt;br /&gt;from aspartame, M Soffritti et al, Ramazzini Institute, Italy, checked&lt;br /&gt;by US National Toxicology Program experts, confirms many previous&lt;br /&gt;studies from 2001 on: Rich Murray 2011.02.27&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, February 27, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1619&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;re GC Ebers study, females harmed more by body making methanol into&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde in brain via ADH enzyme: 589 references, WC Monte,&lt;br /&gt;retired Prof. Nutrition: Rich Murray 2011.01.08&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, January 8, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1614&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C Monte, PhD, Emiritus Prof. Nutrition gives many PDFs of&lt;br /&gt;reseach -- methanol (11% of aspartame) puts formaldehyde into brain&lt;br /&gt;and body -- multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, cancers, birth defects,&lt;br /&gt;headaches: Rich Murray 2010.05.13&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Thursday, May 13, 2010&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1601&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Other formaldehyde sources include alcohol drinks and&lt;br /&gt;tobacco and wood smoke,&lt;br /&gt;while adequate folic acid levels protect most people. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/about&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://while-science-sleeps.com/references/pdf/586&lt;br /&gt;[ summary, not peer reviewed ]&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;Methanol: A chemical Trojan horse as the root of the inscrutable U.&lt;br /&gt;Medical Hypotheses 2010;74(3):493-6&lt;br /&gt;DOI 2010.10.16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;Bittersweet: Aspartame Breast Cancer Link.&lt;br /&gt;Fitness Life 2008 Jan. 34: 32-36&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;A Deadly Experiment. Methanol and MS,&lt;br /&gt;Fitness Life 2007 Dec. 34: 36-41&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monte WC.&lt;br /&gt;Sickly Sweet: Is your Diet Sweetener killing you?&lt;br /&gt;Fitness Life 2007 Nov. 33: 31-33&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references&lt;br /&gt;589 references for above articles and upcoming book&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/montediet&lt;br /&gt;[ and Fitness Life 2007 Dec. 34: 36-41 ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol: Where Is It Found? How Can It Be Avoided?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AVOID the following, ranked in order of greatest danger:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Cigarettes.&lt;br /&gt;2. Diet foods and drinks with aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;3. Fruit and vegetable products and their juices in bottles,&lt;br /&gt;cans, or pouches.&lt;br /&gt;4. Jellies, jams, and marmalades not made fresh and kept&lt;br /&gt;refrigerated.&lt;br /&gt;5. Black currant and tomato juice products, fresh or&lt;br /&gt;processed.&lt;br /&gt;6. Tomato sauces, unless first simmered at least 3 hours&lt;br /&gt;with an open lid.&lt;br /&gt;7. Smoked food of any kind, particularly fish and meat.&lt;br /&gt;8. Sugar-free chewing gum.&lt;br /&gt;9. Slivovitz: You can consume one alcoholic drink a day&lt;br /&gt;on this diet -- no more! [ no fruit brandies ]&lt;br /&gt;10. Overly ripe or near rotting fruits or vegetables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selection from Article 2, Fitness Life, December 2007, and&lt;br /&gt;well discussed in the DVD video:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Identical Symptoms of MS, Methanol Poisoning&lt;br /&gt;and Aspartame Toxicity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The symptoms of multiple sclerosis (44, 83, 85, 169), chronic&lt;br /&gt;and acute methanol poisoning (13, 144, 189), and Aspartame&lt;br /&gt;toxicity (54, 58, 93, 181), are in all ways identical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is nothing that happens to the human body from the&lt;br /&gt;toxic effect of methanol that has not been expressed during&lt;br /&gt;the course of MS... nothing (143, 144).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This generalization extends even to the remarkable&lt;br /&gt;opthomological conditions common to both: transitory optic&lt;br /&gt;neuritis and retrolaminar demyelinating optic neuropathy with&lt;br /&gt;scotoma of the central visual field (which occasionally&lt;br /&gt;manifests as unilateral temporary blindness (85, 138, 163).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact, these opthomological symptoms have been thought of&lt;br /&gt;for years in their respective literatures to be "tell tale"&lt;br /&gt;indications for the differential diagnosis for each of these&lt;br /&gt;maladies independently (85, 138, 148, 163, 169).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The common symptoms of&lt;br /&gt;headache (13, 83, 181, 189),&lt;br /&gt;nervousness (13, 83, 181),&lt;br /&gt;depression (58, 83, 189, 181),&lt;br /&gt;memory loss (18, 147, 85, 169, 181),&lt;br /&gt;tingling sensations (13, 85, 168, 138, 169),&lt;br /&gt;pain in the extremities (13, 85, 169),&lt;br /&gt;optic neuritis (85, 138, 148, 163, 169),&lt;br /&gt;bright lights in the visual field (139, 83),&lt;br /&gt;seizures (21, 83, 160),&lt;br /&gt;inability to urinate or to keep from urinating (139, 146, 167)&lt;br /&gt;are all shared by each of these conditions and shared yet&lt;br /&gt;again by complaints from aspartame poisoning&lt;br /&gt;(54, 58, 93, 181).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I take these strikingly similar symptom patterns as evidence&lt;br /&gt;that these disorders act on identical components of the&lt;br /&gt;central nervous system and in the same way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The "Miracle" that MS shares with Methanol poisoning&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the early stages of MS, or when a non-lethal dose of&lt;br /&gt;methanol has been administered, complete recovery is a&lt;br /&gt;possibility.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The only two afflictions for which such dramatic "remissions"&lt;br /&gt;are reported from identical neuromuscular and opthomological&lt;br /&gt;damage, even "blindness" is relapsing-remitting multiple&lt;br /&gt;sclerosis (85) and methyl alcohol poisoning (138, 163).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pathology of the two maladies is in may ways identical,&lt;br /&gt;particularly when it comes to destruction of the myelin&lt;br /&gt;sheath with no harm to the axon itself (18, 148, 176).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sex Ratios for MS and Aspartame Reactions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Women bear the brunt of multiple sclerosis (91a-c) and lupus&lt;br /&gt;(SLE)(73) with fully three-fold representations in infliction&lt;br /&gt;numbers over men for both diseases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is exactly the proportion represented by adverse&lt;br /&gt;reactors to Aspartame reported by the US Center for&lt;br /&gt;Disease Control in their study of 1984 (58).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Center found three women to every man whose&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame consumption complaints were serious enough&lt;br /&gt;to warrant investigation (93).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the female/male ratio for those stricken with MS has&lt;br /&gt;always been high, recent estimates place it at over 3 to 1&lt;br /&gt;(91, 91a, 91c).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What might account for the difference across sexes in&lt;br /&gt;incidence?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine&lt;br /&gt;(94) reports biopsies of the gastric lining of men and women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A result was that the concentration of ADH in the&lt;br /&gt;gastric lining of men was much higher than for woman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Men have the advantage of removing methanol from the&lt;br /&gt;bloodstream four times faster on an equal-body-size basis&lt;br /&gt;than women.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus, for men, methanol is more likely to be removed from the&lt;br /&gt;blood before it reaches the brain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The brain is spared but the methanol removed would still be&lt;br /&gt;metabolized to formaldehyde in the gut where it would reap&lt;br /&gt;its havoc on a more forgiving organ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This may help explain why men have more gastrointestinal&lt;br /&gt;complaints from both methanol and Aspartame consumption&lt;br /&gt;(93, 99).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the other hand, women's complaints from both more&lt;br /&gt;frequently involve serious neurological complications."...&lt;br /&gt;______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;methanol (11% of aspartame), made by body into&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde in many vulnerable tissues, causes modern&lt;br /&gt;diseases of civilization, summary of a century of research,&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C Monte PhD, Medical Hypotheses journal:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2009.11.15&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2009_11_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, November 15, 2009&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1589&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aspartame abstinance cures fibromyalgia chronic pain in 2 French&lt;br /&gt;adults: R Ciappuccini et al, Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010 Nov: Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;2010.02.19&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Saturday, February 19, 2011&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1617&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde from 0.2 mg daily methanol from aspartame in Singulair&lt;br /&gt;(montelukast) chewable asthma medicine causes severe allergic&lt;br /&gt;dermatitis in boy, SE Jacob et al, Pediatric Dermatology 2009 Nov:&lt;br /&gt;Rich Murray 2010.09.27&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Monday, September 27, 2010&lt;br /&gt;[ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1613&lt;br /&gt;[ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21533907&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mol Cells. 2011 Apr 21. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Modified apolipoprotein (apo) A-I by artificial sweetener causes&lt;br /&gt;severe premature cellular senescence and atherosclerosis with&lt;br /&gt;impairment of functional and structural properties of apoA-I in&lt;br /&gt;lipid-free and lipid-bound state.&lt;br /&gt;Jang W,&lt;br /&gt;Jeoung NH,&lt;br /&gt;Cho KH.&lt;br /&gt;Source&lt;br /&gt;School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749,&lt;br /&gt;Korea. &amp;nbsp;chok@yu.ac.kr&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Correspondence to: Dr Kyung-Hyun Cho, School of Biotechnology,&lt;br /&gt;Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam&lt;br /&gt;University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Korea&lt;br /&gt;E-mail: chok@yu.ac.kr ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Long-term consumption of artificial sweeteners (AS) has been the&lt;br /&gt;recent focus of safety concerns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the potential risk of the AS in cardiovascular disease and&lt;br /&gt;lipoprotein metabolism has not been investigated sufficiently.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We compared the influence of AS (aspartame, acesulfame K, and&lt;br /&gt;saccharin) and fructose in terms of functional and structural&lt;br /&gt;correlations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and high-density lipoproteins&lt;br /&gt;(HDL), which have atheroprotective effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Long-term treatment of apoA-I with the sweetener at physiological&lt;br /&gt;concentration (3 mM for 168 h) resulted in loss of antioxidant and&lt;br /&gt;phospholipid binding activities with modification of secondary&lt;br /&gt;structure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The AS treated apoA-I exhibited proteolytic cleavage to produce 26 kDa-fragment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They showed pro-atherogenic properties in acetylated LDL phagocytosis&lt;br /&gt;of macrophages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each sweetener alone or sweetener-treated apoA-I caused accelerated&lt;br /&gt;senescence in human dermal fibroblasts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These results suggest that long-term consumption of AS might&lt;br /&gt;accelerate atherosclerosis and senescence via impairment of function&lt;br /&gt;and structure of apoA-I and HDL.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 21533907&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376768&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Effect of long term intake of aspartame on antioxidant defense status in liver.&lt;br /&gt;Abhilash M, Paul MV, Varghese MV, Nair RH.&lt;br /&gt;School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University,&lt;br /&gt;Kottayam, Kerala, India, 686560.&lt;br /&gt;harikumarannair@hotmail.com, harinair@fastmail.fm,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The present study evaluates the effect of long term intake of&lt;br /&gt;aspartame, the artificial sweetener, on liver antioxidant system and&lt;br /&gt;hepatocellular injury in animal model.&lt;br /&gt;Eighteen adult male Wistar rats, weighing 150 - 175 g, were randomly&lt;br /&gt;divided into three groups as follows:&lt;br /&gt;first group was given aspartame dissolved in water in a dose of 500 mg/kg.b.wt;&lt;br /&gt;the second group was given a dose of 1000 mg/kg.b.wt;&lt;br /&gt;and controls were given water freely.&lt;br /&gt;Rats that had received aspartame (1000 mg/kg.b.wt) in the drinking&lt;br /&gt;water for 180 days showed a significant increase in activities of&lt;br /&gt;alanine aminotransferase (ALT),&lt;br /&gt;aspartate aminotransferase (AST),&lt;br /&gt;alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and&lt;br /&gt;y-glutamyl transferase (GGT).&lt;br /&gt;The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH)&lt;br /&gt;and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and&lt;br /&gt;glutathione reductase (GR)&lt;br /&gt;were significantly reduced in the liver of rats that had received&lt;br /&gt;aspartame (1000 mg/kg.b.wt).&lt;br /&gt;Glutathione was significantly decreased in both the experimental groups.&lt;br /&gt;Histopathological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration in&lt;br /&gt;aspartame-treated rats (1000 mg/kg.b.wt).&lt;br /&gt;It can be concluded from these observations that long term consumption&lt;br /&gt;of aspartame leads to hepatocellular injury and alterations in liver&lt;br /&gt;antioxidant status mainly through glutathione dependent system.&lt;br /&gt;Copyright 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. PMID: 21376768&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Souganth Paul, MV - Research Fellow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abhilash, M - Research Fellow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mathews V Varghese - Research Fellow&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.mgu.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=493&amp;amp;Itemid=96&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;School of Bio-Sciences Teacher Profiles [photo]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Name: Dr. R. Harikumaran Nair&lt;br /&gt;Designation: Assistant Professor&lt;br /&gt;Address: Room No. 5&lt;br /&gt;School of Biosciences,&lt;br /&gt;Mahatma Gandhi University&lt;br /&gt;Priyadarshini Hills. P O., Kottayam-686 560&lt;br /&gt;Kerala, India&lt;br /&gt;Phone: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +91-481-2731035 Extension: 16&lt;br /&gt;Mobile Phone: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; +91-94472 60362&lt;br /&gt;Email: harikumarannair@hotmail.com, harinair@fastmail.fm&lt;br /&gt;Home page: www.biophysiol.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Research Interest&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In our laboratory, we study the effect of food additives such as&lt;br /&gt;monosodium glutamate, aspartame, drug component arsenic trioxide and&lt;br /&gt;other toxins like organic solvents on different physiological&lt;br /&gt;mechanisms in rats and tissue culture model systems.&lt;br /&gt;Another area of interest is environmental and occupational stress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Academic Profile&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ph. D - Physiology (2001), School of Biosciences,&lt;br /&gt;Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India&lt;br /&gt;M. Sc - Zoology (1994)&lt;br /&gt;University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India,&lt;br /&gt;B. Sc - Zoology (1992)&lt;br /&gt;University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886530&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Am J Ind Med. 2010 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame administered in feed, beginning prenatally through life span,&lt;br /&gt;induces cancers of the liver and lung in male Swiss mice.&lt;br /&gt;Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Manservigi M, Tibaldi E, Lauriola M, Falcioni L, Bua L.&lt;br /&gt;Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute,&lt;br /&gt;Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy.&lt;br /&gt;Morando Soffritti MD,&lt;br /&gt;Fiorella Belpoggi DBS,&lt;br /&gt;Marco Manservigi DBS,&lt;br /&gt;Eva Tibaldi DBS,&lt;br /&gt;Michelina Lauriola PhD,&lt;br /&gt;Laura Falcioni DVM,&lt;br /&gt;Luciano Bua MD&lt;br /&gt;Article first published online: 30 SEP 2010&lt;br /&gt;DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20896&lt;br /&gt;Copyright Â© 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame (APM) is a well-known intense artificial sweetener used in more&lt;br /&gt;than 6,000 products.&lt;br /&gt;Among the major users of aspartame are children and women of childbearing&lt;br /&gt;age.&lt;br /&gt;In previous lifespan experiments conducted on Sprague-Dawley rats we have&lt;br /&gt;shown that APM is a carcinogenic agent in multiple sites and that its&lt;br /&gt;effects are increased when exposure starts from prenatal life.&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;br /&gt;The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of APM to induce&lt;br /&gt;carcinogenic effects in mice.&lt;br /&gt;METHODS:&lt;br /&gt;Six groups of 62-122 male and female Swiss mice were treated with APM in&lt;br /&gt;feed at doses of 32,000, 16,000, 8,000, 2,000, or 0 ppm from prenatal life&lt;br /&gt;(12 days of gestation) until death.&lt;br /&gt;At death each animal underwent complete necropsy and all tissues and organs&lt;br /&gt;of all animals in the experiment were microscopically examined.&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS:&lt;br /&gt;APM in our experimental conditions induces in males a significant&lt;br /&gt;dose-related increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas (P&amp;lt;0.01),&lt;br /&gt;and a significant increase at the dose levels of 32,000 ppm (P&amp;lt;0.01) and&lt;br /&gt;16,000 ppm (P&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt;Moreover, the results show a significant dose-related increased incidence of&lt;br /&gt;alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas in males (P&amp;lt;0.05),&lt;br /&gt;and a significant increase at 32,000 ppm (P&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;br /&gt;The results of the present study confirm that APM is a carcinogenic agent in&lt;br /&gt;multiple sites in rodents,&lt;br /&gt;and that this effect is induced in two species,&lt;br /&gt;rats (males and females) and mice (males).&lt;br /&gt;No carcinogenic effects were observed in female mice.&lt;br /&gt;Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 20886530&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010 Nov-Dec;28(6 Suppl 63):S131-3. Epub 2010 Dec 22.&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame-induced fibromyalgia, an unusual but curable cause of chronic pain.&lt;br /&gt;Ciappuccini R,&lt;br /&gt;Ansemant T,&lt;br /&gt;Maillefert JF, &lt;jean-francis.maillefert@chu-dijon.fr&gt;,&lt;/jean-francis.maillefert@chu-dijon.fr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tavernier C,&lt;br /&gt;Ornetti P. &lt;paul.ornetti@chu-dijon.fr&gt;,&lt;/paul.ornetti@chu-dijon.fr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Department of Rheumatology, Dijon University Hospital,&lt;br /&gt;Burgundy University, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We report for the first time an unusual musculoskeletal adverse effect&lt;br /&gt;of aspartame in two patients.&lt;br /&gt;A 50-year-old woman had been suffering from widespread pain and&lt;br /&gt;fatigue for more than 10 years leading to the diagnosis of&lt;br /&gt;fibromyalgia.&lt;br /&gt;During a vacation in a foreign country, she did not suffer from&lt;br /&gt;painful symptoms since she had forgotten to take her aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;All of the symptoms reappeared in the days following her return when&lt;br /&gt;she reintroduced aspartame into her daily diet.&lt;br /&gt;Thus, aspartame was definitively excluded from her diet, resulting in&lt;br /&gt;a complete regression of the fibromyalgia symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A 43-year-old man consulted for a 3-year history of bilateral forearm,&lt;br /&gt;wrist, and hand and cervical pain with various unsuccessful&lt;br /&gt;treatments.&lt;br /&gt;A detailed questioning allowed to find out that he had been taking&lt;br /&gt;aspartame for three years.&lt;br /&gt;The removal of aspartame was followed by a complete regression of&lt;br /&gt;pain, without recurrence.&lt;br /&gt;We believe that these patients' chronic pain was due to the ingestion&lt;br /&gt;of aspartame, a potent flavouring agent, widely used in food as a&lt;br /&gt;calorie-saver.&lt;br /&gt;The benefit/ risk ratio of considering the diagnosis of&lt;br /&gt;aspartame-induced chronic pain is obvious:&lt;br /&gt;the potential benefit is to cure a disabling chronic disease,&lt;br /&gt;to spare numerous laboratory and imaging investigations, and&lt;br /&gt;to avoid potentially harmful therapies;&lt;br /&gt;the potential risk is to temporarily change the patient's diet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus, practitioners should ask patients suffering from fibromyalgia&lt;br /&gt;about their intake of aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;In some cases, this simple question might lead to the resolution of a&lt;br /&gt;disabling chronic disease.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 21176433&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00855.x/abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pediatr Dermatol. 2009 Nov-Dec;26(6):739-43.&lt;br /&gt;Systematized contact dermatitis and montelukast in an atopic boy.&lt;br /&gt;Castanedo-Tardan MP,&lt;br /&gt;González ME,&lt;br /&gt;Connelly EA,&lt;br /&gt;Giordano K,&lt;br /&gt;Jacob SE.&lt;br /&gt;Mari Paz Castanedo-Tardan&lt;br /&gt;Mercedes E. González&lt;br /&gt;Elizabeth A. Connelly&lt;br /&gt;Kelly Giordano&lt;br /&gt;Sharon E. Jacob&lt;br /&gt;University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine,&lt;br /&gt;Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery,&lt;br /&gt;Miami, Florida, USA.&lt;br /&gt;Article first published online: 2 APR 2009&lt;br /&gt;DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00855.x&lt;br /&gt;© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upon ingestion, the artificial sweetener, aspartame is metabolized to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde in the body and has been reportedly associated with systemic&lt;br /&gt;contact dermatitis in patients exquisitely sensitive to formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;We present a case of a 9-year-old Caucasian boy with a history of mild&lt;br /&gt;atopic dermatitis that experienced severe systematized dermatitis after&lt;br /&gt;being started on montelukast chewable tablets containing aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;Patch testing revealed multiple chemical sensitivities which included a&lt;br /&gt;positive reaction to formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;Notably, resolution of his systemic dermatitis only occurred with&lt;br /&gt;discontinuation of the montelukast chewables.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 20199453&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print] 8 pages&lt;br /&gt;Intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of preterm&lt;br /&gt;delivery: a prospective cohort study of 59,334 Danish&lt;br /&gt;pregnant women.&lt;br /&gt;Halldorsson TI, lur@ssi.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Strøm M, mrm@ssi.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Petersen SB, marp@sund.ku.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Olsen SF. sfolsen@hsph.harvard.edu;&lt;br /&gt;Centre for Fetal Programming, Division of Epidemiology,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Reykjavik,&lt;br /&gt;Iceland.&lt;br /&gt;Thorhallur I Halldorsson,&lt;br /&gt;Marin Strøm,&lt;br /&gt;Sesilje B Petersen,&lt;br /&gt;and Sjurdur F Olsen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;br /&gt;Sugar-sweetened soft drinks have been linked to a number&lt;br /&gt;of adverse health outcomes such as high weight gain.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, artificially sweetened soft drinks are often&lt;br /&gt;promoted as an alternative.&lt;br /&gt;However, the safety of artificial sweeteners has been&lt;br /&gt;disputed, and consequences of high intakes of artificial&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners for pregnant women have been minimally&lt;br /&gt;addressed.&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;br /&gt;We examined the association between intakes of&lt;br /&gt;sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks&lt;br /&gt;and preterm delivery.&lt;br /&gt;DESIGN:&lt;br /&gt;We conducted prospective cohort analyses of 59,334&lt;br /&gt;women from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002).&lt;br /&gt;Soft drink intake was assessed in midpregnancy by using a&lt;br /&gt;food-frequency questionnaire.&lt;br /&gt;Preterm delivery (&amp;lt;37 wk) was the primary outcome&lt;br /&gt;measure.&lt;br /&gt;Covariate information was assessed by telephone interviews.&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS:&lt;br /&gt;There was an association between intake of artificially&lt;br /&gt;sweetened carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks&lt;br /&gt;and an increased risk of preterm delivery&lt;br /&gt;(P for trend: &lt;br /&gt;In comparison with women with no intake of artificially&lt;br /&gt;sweetened carbonated soft drinks, the adjusted odds ratio&lt;br /&gt;for women who consumed &amp;gt;/=1 serving of artificially&lt;br /&gt;sweetened carbonated soft drinks/d was&lt;br /&gt;1.38 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.65).&lt;br /&gt;The corresponding odds ratio for women&lt;br /&gt;who consumed &amp;gt;/=4 servings of artificially sweetened&lt;br /&gt;carbonated soft drinks/d was&lt;br /&gt;1.78 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.66).&lt;br /&gt;The association was observed for normal-weight and&lt;br /&gt;overweight women.&lt;br /&gt;A stronger increase in risk was observed for early preterm&lt;br /&gt;and moderately preterm delivery than with late-preterm&lt;br /&gt;delivery.&lt;br /&gt;No association was observed for sugar-sweetened&lt;br /&gt;carbonated soft drinks (P for trend: 0.29)&lt;br /&gt;or for sugar-sweetened noncarbonated soft drinks&lt;br /&gt;(P for trend: 0.93).&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;br /&gt;Daily intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks may increase&lt;br /&gt;the risk of preterm delivery.&lt;br /&gt;Further studies are needed to reject or confirm these findings.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 20592133&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. From the Centre for Fetal Programming,&lt;br /&gt;Division of Epidemiology,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark&lt;br /&gt;(TIH, MS, SBP, and SFO);&lt;br /&gt;the Unit for Nutrition Research,&lt;br /&gt;Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland (TIH),&lt;br /&gt;Reykjavik, Iceland;&lt;br /&gt;and the Department of Nutrition,&lt;br /&gt;Harvard School of Public Health. Boston, MA (SFO).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2 Supported by the European Union (EU)&lt;br /&gt;Integrated Research Project&lt;br /&gt;EARNEST (FOOD-CT-2005-007036).&lt;br /&gt;The EU project EARNEST&lt;br /&gt;http://www.metabolic-programming.org receives financial&lt;br /&gt;support from the Commission&lt;br /&gt;of the European Communities under the FP 6 priority 5:&lt;br /&gt;food quality and safety.&lt;br /&gt;The Danish National Birth Cohort has been financed by the&lt;br /&gt;March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation,&lt;br /&gt;the Danish Heart Association,&lt;br /&gt;the Danish Medical Research Council,&lt;br /&gt;and the Sygekassernes Helsefond,&lt;br /&gt;Danish National Research Foundation,&lt;br /&gt;Danish Pharmaceutical Association,&lt;br /&gt;Ministry of Health, National Board of Health,&lt;br /&gt;Statens Serum Institut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3 Address correspondence to TI Halldorsson,&lt;br /&gt;Centre for Fetal Programming,&lt;br /&gt;Division of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut,&lt;br /&gt;Artillerivej 5, Building 206, DK-2300&lt;br /&gt;Copenhagen S, Denmark. E-mail: lur@ssi.dk;&lt;br /&gt;Received November 19, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;Accepted for publication June 3, 2010.&lt;br /&gt;doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28968.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of the 59,334 pregnant women,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;over 4 artificially sweetened&lt;br /&gt;carbonated soft drinks daily __ 340 0.6 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;noncarbonated soft drinks __ 1,753 3.0 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2-3 cans daily artificially&lt;br /&gt;carbonated _______________ 834 1.4 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;noncarbonated ___________ 3,643 6.1 %&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So, over 3% of pregnant women in 1996-2002&lt;br /&gt;used 4 or more artificially sweetened soft drinks daily,&lt;br /&gt;while over 6 % had 2-3 drinks daily.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This does not include aspartame from other foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"A monitoring survey from 2005 quantified artificial&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners in 76 soft drinks from the Danish market (30).&lt;br /&gt;For carbonated soft drinks, aspartame and&lt;br /&gt;acesulfame-K were primarily used in products from the&lt;br /&gt;major international brands, and the average concentration of&lt;br /&gt;these 2 sweeteners was around 2--3-fold higher&lt;br /&gt;in carbonated than in noncarbonated soft drinks (30)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"After ingestion, aspartame is broken down into aspartic acid,&lt;br /&gt;phenylalanine, and methanol.&lt;br /&gt;Methanol is oxidized into formaldehyde and then to&lt;br /&gt;formic acid, which is considered responsible&lt;br /&gt;for the toxic effects of methanol.&lt;br /&gt;Despite arguments that aspartame intake should not affect&lt;br /&gt;blood methanol concentrations (34), animal studies have&lt;br /&gt;reported the accumulation of formaldehyde adducts derived&lt;br /&gt;from aspartame in tissue components (22).&lt;br /&gt;This might be one explaining factor for reports on headaches&lt;br /&gt;linked to the intake of aspartame (10).&lt;br /&gt;More relevant to our findings, a study in low dose methanol&lt;br /&gt;exposure through inhalation in nonhuman primates observed&lt;br /&gt;a significant decrease in the length of gestation in exposed&lt;br /&gt;animals compared with control animals (21).&lt;br /&gt;A shortening of gestation was even observed at methanol&lt;br /&gt;vapor concentrations that barely affected blood methanol&lt;br /&gt;concentrations in these animals (200 ppm; 2.5 h/d).&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, 5 out of 28 exposed animals needed medical&lt;br /&gt;intervention and were delivered by cesarean delivery either&lt;br /&gt;because of vaginal bleeding (n = 4) or unproductive labor&lt;br /&gt;(n = 1).&lt;br /&gt;None of the 9 control animals required cesarean delivery.&lt;br /&gt;The authors suggested that the observed shortening of&lt;br /&gt;gestation could either be related to the effects of methanol&lt;br /&gt;on the fetal neuroendocrine system&lt;br /&gt;(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) or an indirect&lt;br /&gt;action of methanol on the maternal uterine environment.&lt;br /&gt;The latter explanation would be more compatible with our&lt;br /&gt;findings of an increased risk of medically induced preterm&lt;br /&gt;deliveries."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1917&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WC Monte gives 1917 rabbit study that shows blood vessel thickening by&lt;br /&gt;formic acid, made by ADH in many tissues from methanol -- sources are canned&lt;br /&gt;fruits, wood &amp;amp; tobacco smoke, alcohol drinks, aspartame: Rich Murray&lt;br /&gt;2010.07.04&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2010_07_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Sunday, July 4, 2010&lt;br /&gt;[at end of each long page, click on Older Posts]&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1608&lt;br /&gt;[you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser]&lt;br /&gt;_______________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rich,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yes there is a lot of thickening of connective tissue lining the vessels of&lt;br /&gt;individuals poisoned with methanol who live long enough for the changes to&lt;br /&gt;occur. This is to be expected since the layers of the veins and arteries&lt;br /&gt;that contain ADH are indeed the the ones that are involved in thickening.&lt;br /&gt;I have attached an article from 1917 -- take a look at page 770.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Woody 2010.07.03 12:36 PM MST&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My impression is that the apparent increase of the connective tissue is due&lt;br /&gt;not only to the fact that the parenchyma cells have disappeared, but to the&lt;br /&gt;actual proliferation of the fixed tissue cells, as seen by the very marked&lt;br /&gt;thickening of the adventitia and the media of the blood-vessels."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'In cases of long standing, in addition to the above general appearance&lt;br /&gt;there is also a marked increase of the connective tissue, especially around&lt;br /&gt;the blood-vessels."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;589 references&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15 Eisenberg AA.; 1917. "Visceral Changes in Wood Alcohol Poisoning by&lt;br /&gt;Inhalation", American Journal of Public Health 7:765&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://whilesciencesleeps.com/references/pdf/15 7 pages&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ This is the time before Roe when it was unknown that humans were many&lt;br /&gt;times more sensitive to methanol than any other animal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keen eyes, a century ago, noted a progression of horrors in a variety of&lt;br /&gt;tissues -- worth quoting at length. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arthur Alexander Eisenberg, BA, MD&lt;br /&gt;Director, Pathological Laboratories, St. Vincent's Charity Hospital,&lt;br /&gt;Cleveland.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"But Pohl (8) observed experimentally that while no bad effects followed&lt;br /&gt;immediately after the administration to an animal of a small dose of methyl&lt;br /&gt;alcohol, very serious results were noticeable a few days later, the&lt;br /&gt;experiment in many instances terminating fatally. If a small non-lethal&lt;br /&gt;dose be repeated a few times, fatal issue occurs invariably, while ethyl&lt;br /&gt;alcohol, similarly administered, produces no such effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How are we to explain such paradoxical phenomenon? Why does a substance,&lt;br /&gt;non-lethal in a single dose, become lethal after a few repeated doses, and&lt;br /&gt;vice versa? The explanation as given by Pohl is as follows: Ethyl alcohol&lt;br /&gt;is very rapidly oxidized in the animal body, in fact so rapidly that over 90&lt;br /&gt;per cent. of it is converted to carbon dioxide and water, whereas methyl&lt;br /&gt;alcohol is oxidized very slowly, with the formation of formaldehyde and then&lt;br /&gt;formic acid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is formic acid and its cumulative action that is responsible for the&lt;br /&gt;untoward effects of methyl alcohol, the variability of individual results&lt;br /&gt;depending on the individual power of oxidation, the action of wood alcohol&lt;br /&gt;thus becoming especially dangerous in those who are ill nourished...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The histo-chemical investigations of Placet (9) show that the power of&lt;br /&gt;fixing methyl alcohol varies with the different tissues, the following&lt;br /&gt;organs being given in the order of their affinity: brain, liver, kidney and&lt;br /&gt;muscles. This statement of Placet finds abundant confirmation in the&lt;br /&gt;results of my experiments...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most striking observation was the uniformity of lesions (practically in&lt;br /&gt;every case the same organs, and those only, were involved), the extent of&lt;br /&gt;lesions varying with the duration of time exposure, thus the fatty&lt;br /&gt;degeneration of the cardiac muscle or destruction of the perenchyma cells of&lt;br /&gt;the cerebrum being more extensive in the rabbit which had been exposed for&lt;br /&gt;6 months than in the one which had inhaled wood alcohol or Columbian&lt;br /&gt;spirits [ more refined] for but 2 months...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...the central nervous system -- notably the cerebrum -- appears to bear the&lt;br /&gt;brunt of the attack, it being together with the optic nerve the most&lt;br /&gt;frequently as well as the most extensively involved organ. Next in&lt;br /&gt;frequency, but not necessarily in extent, of involvement are the kidneys,&lt;br /&gt;the liver, and the muscle -- the latter again showing a very marked&lt;br /&gt;inequality of involvement, the cardiac muscle being affected in every case&lt;br /&gt;while the striated and the smooth muscle were involved but in 10 per cent.&lt;br /&gt;of the cases...no difference between the effects of wood alcohol when&lt;br /&gt;imbided and when inhaled.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lesions found in the various parts of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the&lt;br /&gt;medulla and the pons consisted of different degrees of inflammatory and&lt;br /&gt;degenerative processes. Macroscopically the tissues appear yellowish,&lt;br /&gt;glistening; the line of demarcation between the grey and the white matter is&lt;br /&gt;not as sharp as in the control animals, in the more prolonged cases the gray&lt;br /&gt;matter appearing quite thinned -- the entire picture being one of a&lt;br /&gt;nonspecific atrophy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Microscopically, the neurocytes are diminished, assuming a spindle-like&lt;br /&gt;shape, Nissl's granules also are diminished, with brownish pigment scattered&lt;br /&gt;here and there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the more severe cases the parenchyma cells are greatly reduced in numbers&lt;br /&gt;as well as in size. Thus, for example, the brain of the rabbit which had&lt;br /&gt;been exposed to the inhalation of Columbian Spirits showed practically&lt;br /&gt;nothing but neuroglia cells, and no trace of parenchyma cells, the latter&lt;br /&gt;being represented by masses of granular debris and fat droplets, partly&lt;br /&gt;taken up by the so-called contractile cells, i.e. leucocytes, lymphocytes,&lt;br /&gt;and according to Birch-Hirschfield, endothelial cells.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The different states of parenchymatous degeneration depend, of course, on&lt;br /&gt;the length of the exposure to which the animal has been subjected, the&lt;br /&gt;nuclear changes varying from the wandering of the nucleus to the periphery&lt;br /&gt;of the cell to the total karyolysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My impression is that the apparent increase of the connective tissue is due&lt;br /&gt;not only to the fact that the parenchyma cells have disappeared, but to the&lt;br /&gt;actual proliferation of the fixed tissue cells, as seen by the very marked&lt;br /&gt;thickening of the adventitia and the media of the blood-vessels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The entire microscopical picture corresponds very closely to Adami's&lt;br /&gt;"exhaustion" condition, which is "anatomically recognized by the&lt;br /&gt;disappearance of cells and fibres and the secondary overgrowth of glial&lt;br /&gt;tissue filling in the space."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lesions of the liver and the kidney present, both macroscopically and&lt;br /&gt;microscopically, the typical characteristic of albuminous degeneration&lt;br /&gt;(cloudy swelling) and fatty degeneration -- the increased size of the organ,&lt;br /&gt;softened consistence, the tissue being almost friable (etat crible),&lt;br /&gt;glistening yellowish color, the protoplasm being uniformly dull-grey, the&lt;br /&gt;outline of the cells in most cases being altered or lost. The nuclei are&lt;br /&gt;much smaller than they normally are, lost in many cases, and appearing as&lt;br /&gt;vague, shadowy structures in others. The cell bodies are filled with&lt;br /&gt;granular, dust-like masses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In cases of long standing, in addition to the above general appearance there&lt;br /&gt;is also a marked increase of the connective tissue, especially around the&lt;br /&gt;blood-vessels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The muscle cells, especially the heart, present an appearance very similar&lt;br /&gt;to that of the liver and the kidney, as well as both fragmentation and&lt;br /&gt;segmentation, in some of the cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lung shows in many cases patches of broncho-pneumonia, which, however,&lt;br /&gt;are not uniform, either in distribution or in extent."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Aug; 21(5): 939-43.&lt;br /&gt;Endogenous production of methanol after the consumption of fruit.&lt;br /&gt;Lindinger W, Taucher J, Jordan A, Hansel A, Vogel W.&lt;br /&gt;Institut fur Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universitat Innsbruck, Austria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After the consumption of fruit, the concentration of methanol&lt;br /&gt;in the human body increases by as much as an order of magnitude.&lt;br /&gt;This is due to the degradation of natural pectin&lt;br /&gt;(which is esterified with methyl alcohol) in the human colon.&lt;br /&gt;In vivo tests performed by means of proton-transfer-reaction&lt;br /&gt;mass spectrometry show that consumed pectin&lt;br /&gt;in either a pure form (10 to 15 g)&lt;br /&gt;or a natural form (in 1 kg of apples) induces a&lt;br /&gt;significant increase of methanol in the breath&lt;br /&gt;(and by inference in the blood) of humans.&lt;br /&gt;The amount generated from pectin (0.4 to 1.4 g)&lt;br /&gt;[ 400 -1400 mg ] is approximately&lt;br /&gt;equivalent to the total daily endogenous production&lt;br /&gt;(measured to be 0.3 to 0.6 g/day) [ 300 to 600 mg ]&lt;br /&gt;or that obtained from 0.3 liters of 80-proof brandy&lt;br /&gt;(calculated to be 0.5 g). [ 500 mg ]&lt;br /&gt;This dietary pectin may contribute to the development&lt;br /&gt;of nonalcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. PMID: 9267548&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Methanol has a blood half-life of about 2.5 hours,&lt;br /&gt;so after 13 hours, its blood level is reduced to about&lt;br /&gt;3 %, which would be 12 to 42 mg for the whole body,&lt;br /&gt;if the degradation of pectin by bacteria in the GI tract&lt;br /&gt;is fast, while slower production of methanol from pectin&lt;br /&gt;would produce lower peak methanol levels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The ADH enzyme does not start to convert methanol&lt;br /&gt;into formaldehyde until blood levels of ethanol have&lt;br /&gt;become very low -- then the resulting conversion of the&lt;br /&gt;residual methanol into formaldehyde in specific tissues&lt;br /&gt;is the main cause of "morning after" hangover symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;High levels of folic acid protect many people&lt;br /&gt;from this toxic production of formaldehyde,&lt;br /&gt;but not for the brain or retina. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Oct; 19(5): 1147-50.&lt;br /&gt;Methanol in human breath.&lt;br /&gt;Taucher J, Lagg A, Hansel A, Vogel W, Lindinger W.&lt;br /&gt;Institut fur Ionenphysik, Universitat Innsbruck, Austria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry for trace gas analysis of&lt;br /&gt;the human breath, the concentrations of methanol and ethanol have been&lt;br /&gt;measured for various test persons consuming alcoholic beverages and various&lt;br /&gt;amounts of fruits, respectively.&lt;br /&gt;The methanol concentrations increased from a natural (physiological) level&lt;br /&gt;of approximately 0.4 ppm up to approximately 2 ppm a few hours after eating&lt;br /&gt;about 1/2 kg of fruits,&lt;br /&gt;and about the same concentration was reached after drinking of 100 ml brandy&lt;br /&gt;containing 24% volume of ethanol and 0.19% volume of methanol.&lt;br /&gt;[ 24 ml = 64 mg ethanol and 0.19 ml = 0.33 mg methanol ] PMID: 8561283&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1589&lt;br /&gt;full text ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methanol: A Chemical Trojan Horse as the Root of the&lt;br /&gt;Inscrutable U, Prepublication Copy; Medical Hypotheses&lt;br /&gt;[ innovative articles not peer-reviewed in this journal ]&lt;br /&gt;-- 06 November 2009 (10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.059)&lt;br /&gt;http://www.medical-hypotheses.com/article/S0306-9877(09)00693-8/abstract&lt;br /&gt;Woodrow C. Monte PhD &amp;nbsp;woodymonte@xtra.co.nz&lt;br /&gt;Professor of Food Science (retired)&lt;br /&gt;Arizona State University&lt;br /&gt;corresponding author : Woodrow C. Monte PhD&lt;br /&gt;470 South Rainbow Drive&lt;br /&gt;Page, Arizona 86040&lt;br /&gt;Key Words:&lt;br /&gt;food epidemiology; diseases of civilization; methanol;&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde; aspartame; autism; multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer's;&lt;br /&gt;U-shaped curve.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until 200 years ago, methanol was an extremely rare&lt;br /&gt;component of the human diet and is still rarely consumed in&lt;br /&gt;contemporary hunter and gatherer cultures.&lt;br /&gt;With the invention of canning in the 1800s, canned and&lt;br /&gt;bottled fruits and vegetables, whose methanol content greatly&lt;br /&gt;exceeds that of' their fresh counterparts, became far more&lt;br /&gt;prevalent.&lt;br /&gt;The recent dietary introduction of aspartame, an artificial&lt;br /&gt;sweetener, 11% methanol by weight, has also greatly&lt;br /&gt;increased methanol consumption.&lt;br /&gt;Moreover, methanol is a major component of cigarette&lt;br /&gt;smoke, known to be a causative agent of many diseases of&lt;br /&gt;civilization (DOC).&lt;br /&gt;Conversion to formaldehyde in organs other than the liver is&lt;br /&gt;the principal means by which methanol may cause disease.&lt;br /&gt;The known sites of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH I),&lt;br /&gt;the only human enzyme capable of metabolizing methanol to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, correspond to the sites of origin for many DOC.&lt;br /&gt;Variability in sensitivity to exogenous methanol consumption&lt;br /&gt;may be accounted for in part by the presence of aldehyde&lt;br /&gt;dehydrogenase sufficient to reduce the toxic effect of&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde production in tissue through its conversion to&lt;br /&gt;the much less toxic formic acid.&lt;br /&gt;The consumption or endogenous production of small amounts&lt;br /&gt;of ethanol, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of methanol's&lt;br /&gt;conversion to formaldehyde by ADH I, may afford some&lt;br /&gt;individuals protection from DOC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"For both, subsequent intentional challenges with aspartame&lt;br /&gt;and unintentional exposures brought back each of their&lt;br /&gt;respective symptoms."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"After the last occurrence of her nausea, headaches, and&lt;br /&gt;vertigo, she has since not consumed aspartame in any product&lt;br /&gt;or form and has been symptom free for 22 years."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Except for six mild reoccurrences of his symptoms within 24&lt;br /&gt;hours of unintentionally consuming something with aspartame&lt;br /&gt;(hypoesthesia anterior to the tragus and mild tinnitus) lasting&lt;br /&gt;2-4 hours, he has been symptom free for over six years now."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cases J. 2009 Sep 15; 2: 9237.&lt;br /&gt;Vestibulocochlear toxicity in a pair of siblings 15 years apart&lt;br /&gt;secondary to aspartame: two case reports.&lt;br /&gt;Pisarik P, Kai D.&lt;br /&gt;University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa,&lt;br /&gt;1111 S. St. Louis Ave. Tulsa, OK 74120-5440, USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INTRODUCTION:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame may have idiosyncratic toxic effects for some&lt;br /&gt;people;&lt;br /&gt;however, there are few case reports published in the medical&lt;br /&gt;literature.&lt;br /&gt;We present two case reports in a pair of siblings, one with a&lt;br /&gt;vestibular and the other with a cochlear toxicity to aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;The cochlear toxicity is the first case to be reported, while&lt;br /&gt;the vestibular toxicity is the second case to be reported.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CASE PRESENTATION:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A 29-year-old white female had a 20-month history of nausea&lt;br /&gt;and headache, progressively getting worse with time and&lt;br /&gt;eventually to also involve vomiting, vertigo, and ataxia.&lt;br /&gt;She was extensively evaluated and diagnosed with a vestibular&lt;br /&gt;neuronitis versus a chronic labyrinthitis and treated&lt;br /&gt;symptomatically with limited success.&lt;br /&gt;In response to a newspaper article, she stopped her aspartame&lt;br /&gt;consumption with total cessation of her symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fifteen years later, her then 47-year-old white brother had a&lt;br /&gt;30-month history of an intermittent, initially 5-10 minute long&lt;br /&gt;episode of a mild sensorineural hearing loss in his right ear that&lt;br /&gt;progressed over time to several hour episodes of a moderately&lt;br /&gt;severe high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss to include&lt;br /&gt;tinnitus and a hypoesthetic area in front of his right tragus.&lt;br /&gt;After a negative magnetic resonance scan of the brain, he&lt;br /&gt;remembered his sister's experience with aspartame and&lt;br /&gt;stopped his consumption of aspartame with resolution of&lt;br /&gt;his symptoms, although the very high frequency hearing loss&lt;br /&gt;took at least 15 months to resolve.&lt;br /&gt;For both, subsequent intentional challenges with aspartame&lt;br /&gt;and unintentional exposures brought back each of their&lt;br /&gt;respective symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame had a vestibulocochlear toxicity in a pair of siblings,&lt;br /&gt;suggesting a genetic susceptibility to aspartame toxicity.&lt;br /&gt;Even though the yield may be low, asking patients with&lt;br /&gt;dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, or high-frequency hearing loss&lt;br /&gt;about their aspartame consumption and suggesting cessation&lt;br /&gt;of its use, may prove helpful for some.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 20126318 [PubMed - in process]&lt;br /&gt;PMCID: PMC2815650&lt;br /&gt;Free PMC Article&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2815650/pdf/1757-1626-0002-000000923\&lt;br /&gt;7.pdf&lt;br /&gt;4 pages 165 KB&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2815650/?tool=pubmed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cases J. 2009; 2: 9237.&lt;br /&gt;Published online 2009 September 15.&lt;br /&gt;doi: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-9237.&lt;br /&gt;PMCID: PMC2815650&lt;br /&gt;Copyright ©2009 Pisarik and Kai;&lt;br /&gt;licensee Cases Network Ltd. licensee BioMed Central Ltd.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vestibulocochlear toxicity in a pair of siblings 15 years apart&lt;br /&gt;secondary to aspartame: two case reports&lt;br /&gt;Paul Pisarik 1 and Dasha Kai 2&lt;br /&gt;1 University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa,&lt;br /&gt;1111 S. St. Louis Ave. Tulsa, OK 74120-5440, USA&lt;br /&gt;2 University Physician's Hospital,&lt;br /&gt;2800 E. Ajo Way, Tucson, AZ 85713, USA&lt;br /&gt;Corresponding author.&lt;br /&gt;Paul Pisarik: paul-pisarik@ouhsc.edu;&lt;br /&gt;Dasha Kai: dasha456@comcast.net&lt;br /&gt;Received January 2, 2009; Accepted August 25, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of&lt;br /&gt;the Creative Commons Attribution License&lt;br /&gt;( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ), which permits&lt;br /&gt;unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any&lt;br /&gt;medium, provided the original work is properly cited.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Introduction&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame was approved by the United States Food and&lt;br /&gt;Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981 for use in dry products&lt;br /&gt;such as breakfast cereal and as a tabletop sweetener [1].&lt;br /&gt;Later in 1983 it was approved for use in sodas and in 1995&lt;br /&gt;as a general sweetener in all foods and drinks.&lt;br /&gt;Because of its very sweet taste, aspartame has been&lt;br /&gt;extensively used as a food additive.&lt;br /&gt;It is included in over 6000 products and consumed by&lt;br /&gt;200 million people around the world [2].&lt;br /&gt;Because of its ubiquity in our food supply, the FDA has&lt;br /&gt;received many complaints over the years that allege that&lt;br /&gt;aspartame was responsible for a myriad of consumers'&lt;br /&gt;illnesses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A PubMed search only shows only 14 case reports or case&lt;br /&gt;series regarding potential aspartame toxicity.&lt;br /&gt;The neurotoxic reactions reported include migraines,&lt;br /&gt;carpal tunnel syndrome, a movement disorder of the arms&lt;br /&gt;and legs, an orofacial sensitivity reaction, vertigo and ataxia,&lt;br /&gt;and seizure and mania.&lt;br /&gt;This will be the first paper to show a sensorineural hearing&lt;br /&gt;loss temporally related to aspartame and the second to show&lt;br /&gt;a vestibular toxicity temporally related to aspartame [3].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Case presentation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Case report 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first case was a 29-year-old white non-Hispanic female&lt;br /&gt;nurse (one of the authors) who started experiencing nausea&lt;br /&gt;and vomiting 3 weeks after conceiving her first pregnancy that&lt;br /&gt;persisted throughout her pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;Her pregnancy was complicated with a 114-pound weight&lt;br /&gt;gain and pre-eclampsia.&lt;br /&gt;Her delivery was complicated with shoulder dystocia and&lt;br /&gt;post partum hemorrhage.&lt;br /&gt;After her delivery in January 1985, her symptoms got better&lt;br /&gt;in that she only had nausea in the mornings that cleared by&lt;br /&gt;1 or 2 P.M.&lt;br /&gt;She also had headaches on awakening in the morning up to&lt;br /&gt;3 days a week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She was on no medications and had no allergies to&lt;br /&gt;medications.&lt;br /&gt;She denied use of alcohol, cigarettes, or any other drugs.&lt;br /&gt;Her past medical history was significant for intermittent&lt;br /&gt;hypertension.&lt;br /&gt;She had multiple right eye surgeries for strabismus in the&lt;br /&gt;early 1960s and a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in 1965.&lt;br /&gt;She was 5 foot and 11 inches tall and weighed 165 lbs&lt;br /&gt;prior to her pregnancy, 264 lbs just after her delivery that&lt;br /&gt;decreased over the time to 180 lbs at time of her&lt;br /&gt;self-diagnosis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She went to see her physician in July 1985 with these&lt;br /&gt;symptoms.&lt;br /&gt;Her physician treated her with oral prochlorperazine and&lt;br /&gt;meclizine;&lt;br /&gt;however, these medications did not have much effect on her.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In January 1986, she again saw her physician with the same&lt;br /&gt;complaints.&lt;br /&gt;The neurological exam was normal except for showing a few&lt;br /&gt;beats of nystagmus on lateral gaze.&lt;br /&gt;She was again treated symptomatically with metoclopramide&lt;br /&gt;and trimethobenzamide.&lt;br /&gt;Over the next several months, the nausea progressed to&lt;br /&gt;encompass the entire day along with some vomiting.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, she was experiencing vertigo with motion and&lt;br /&gt;lying in bed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She saw her physician in June 1986 and was noted to have&lt;br /&gt;nonfatiguing nystagmus on looking to the right.&lt;br /&gt;She had audiologic testing that was normal but had an&lt;br /&gt;electronystagmograph (ENG) that showed a direction-fixed&lt;br /&gt;right-beating positional nystagmus of about six degrees.&lt;br /&gt;She was referred to an otolaryngologist who noted a&lt;br /&gt;positioning nystagmus consistent with the ENG that was&lt;br /&gt;easily reproduced and persistent.&lt;br /&gt;Radiographs of the internal auditory canals were normal.&lt;br /&gt;Because of the persistence of her symptoms, she was then&lt;br /&gt;referred to a neurologist.&lt;br /&gt;He ordered a brainstem auditory evoked response test and&lt;br /&gt;a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain, both of which&lt;br /&gt;were normal.&lt;br /&gt;His final diagnosis was a vestibular neuronitis versus a chronic&lt;br /&gt;labyrinthitis and he gave her diazepam to take as needed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the next two months, her symptoms got worse to where&lt;br /&gt;she was experiencing problems with muscle coordination&lt;br /&gt;manifested by occasionally not being able to negotiate&lt;br /&gt;doorways and occasionally not being able to place a spoon&lt;br /&gt;squarely in her mouth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In September 1986, she read a doctor-advice column in the&lt;br /&gt;local paper that mentioned aspartame was anecdotally&lt;br /&gt;associated with nausea and headaches.&lt;br /&gt;She had first begun to drink an aspartame-sweetened&lt;br /&gt;drink -- Crystal Light (R) -- right after the birth of her son&lt;br /&gt;and was drinking 16 to 32 ounces per day, sipping on it&lt;br /&gt;throughout the day.&lt;br /&gt;She made sure that she did not consume it during her&lt;br /&gt;pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;After reading the article, she stopped drinking Crystal&lt;br /&gt;Light (R), her only source of aspartame, and within a week,&lt;br /&gt;she was symptom free.&lt;br /&gt;About a month later, she challenged herself with 8 ounces of&lt;br /&gt;Crystal Light (R) and within 1 to 2 hours started having&lt;br /&gt;nausea, headaches, and vertigo that lasted for 48 hours.&lt;br /&gt;About 3 to 4 weeks later she drank a 12-ounce can of Diet&lt;br /&gt;Pepsi (R) and within 1 hour started to have the exact same&lt;br /&gt;symptoms, again lasting about 48 hours.&lt;br /&gt;She had a recurrence of the symptoms two times after that,&lt;br /&gt;each time after accidentally drinking a beverage with&lt;br /&gt;aspartame in it.&lt;br /&gt;After the last occurrence of her nausea, headaches, and&lt;br /&gt;vertigo, she has since not consumed aspartame in any product&lt;br /&gt;or form and has been symptom free for 22 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Primary diagnosis is a vestibular neuronitis versus chronic&lt;br /&gt;labyrinthitis secondary to aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;Secondary diagnosis is nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Case report 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In January of 2002 at the age of 47, a non-Hispanic white&lt;br /&gt;male physician (one of the authors and brother of case&lt;br /&gt;report 1) had an intermittent right-sided tinnitus associated&lt;br /&gt;with a hearing loss that would last 6-8 hours at a time.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, at the same time, he had a 1.5 cm diameter area&lt;br /&gt;of hypoesthesia in the region just anterior to the tragus of his&lt;br /&gt;right ear.&lt;br /&gt;He had noted a very minor right-sided hearing loss for at&lt;br /&gt;least two years prior to this, but it would never last more&lt;br /&gt;than for a few minutes, perhaps once a month, and he never&lt;br /&gt;thought much about it.&lt;br /&gt;There was no vertigo, nausea, headaches, or other&lt;br /&gt;neurological symptoms associated with this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was 6' 3'' tall and weighed 180 pounds.&lt;br /&gt;His past medical history was pertinent for benign prostatic&lt;br /&gt;hypertrophy treated with finasteride since January 1998.&lt;br /&gt;He had no allergies to medications.&lt;br /&gt;He denied use of alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs.&lt;br /&gt;His past surgical history was pertinent for a tonsillectomy and&lt;br /&gt;adenoidectomy in 1963 and an open reduction and internal&lt;br /&gt;fixation of a comminuted left distal radius fracture in May of&lt;br /&gt;2001 with subsequent removal of hardware in August of 2001.&lt;br /&gt;Family history was pertinent for a sister 15 years earlier having&lt;br /&gt;a vestibular neuronitis versus chronic labyrinthitis secondary to&lt;br /&gt;aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Between January and August 5, 2002, he had five such prolonged episodes,&lt;br /&gt;along with the episodes that lasted for a few minutes.&lt;br /&gt;On August 5th, he woke up with one such episode that lasted&lt;br /&gt;10 hours before it went away.&lt;br /&gt;On August 8th, he had another episode that started at noon&lt;br /&gt;and unlike his previous episodes, lasted three days with a&lt;br /&gt;severe tinnitus and hearing loss.&lt;br /&gt;He contacted an otolaryngologist and was started on&lt;br /&gt;prednisone.&lt;br /&gt;He had an audiogram on August 9th that showed a&lt;br /&gt;right-sided high frequency sensorineural hearing loss&lt;br /&gt;(see table 1).&lt;br /&gt;By the time he saw the otolaryngologist on August 12th, the&lt;br /&gt;hearing loss resolved clinically and another audiogram was&lt;br /&gt;done and was much improved and similar to a previous&lt;br /&gt;audiogram he had done in 1987, except for a remaining&lt;br /&gt;35-decibel loss at 8000 Hertz (Hz) (see table 1).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the time of his otolaryngologist appointment, his physical&lt;br /&gt;exam was normal.&lt;br /&gt;A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain with and&lt;br /&gt;without gadolinium was normal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hearing threshold levels in dB (re: ANSI-1969) of case&lt;br /&gt;report 2 for each ear at different points in time&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the otolaryngologist did not have an explanation for his&lt;br /&gt;symptoms, the patient remembered that his sister had the&lt;br /&gt;adverse reaction to aspartame 15 years earlier.&lt;br /&gt;Up until now, he had consumed foods with aspartame,&lt;br /&gt;undeterred by his sister's experience.&lt;br /&gt;At this time, he was consuming aspartame in the form of one&lt;br /&gt;to two cans of Caffeine Free Diet Coke® along with a bowl&lt;br /&gt;of Fiberall (R) cereal a day.&lt;br /&gt;Thereafter he stopped consuming aspartame in any form.&lt;br /&gt;Over the next two months, he had no more severe episodes&lt;br /&gt;of tinnitus and hearing loss but did have two further episodes&lt;br /&gt;of milder right-sided tinnitus and hearing loss (30% of prior&lt;br /&gt;intensity) and only lasting 3-4 hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thinking that it might not be due to aspartame, he drank a can&lt;br /&gt;of Caffeine-free Diet Coke® a day for four days in a row.&lt;br /&gt;On each of these days, he had a mild episode of right-sided&lt;br /&gt;tinnitus and hearing loss for 2-3 hours each day.&lt;br /&gt;He permanently stopped his aspartame consumption after that.&lt;br /&gt;He had one milder episode of tinnitus and hearing loss a couple&lt;br /&gt;of weeks after he finished his challenge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Follow-up audiograms showed a slowly improving 8000 Hz&lt;br /&gt;hearing loss:&lt;br /&gt;November of 2002 showed only a 20 decibel loss compared&lt;br /&gt;to 1987&lt;br /&gt;and November of 2003 showed a 10 decibel loss compared&lt;br /&gt;to 1987 (see table 1).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Primary diagnosis is tinnitus and sensorineural healing loss&lt;br /&gt;secondary to aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Except for six mild reoccurrences of his symptoms within 24&lt;br /&gt;hours of unintentionally consuming something with aspartame&lt;br /&gt;(hypoesthesia anterior to the tragus and mild tinnitus) lasting&lt;br /&gt;2-4 hours, he has been symptom free for over six years now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame had a vestibulocochlear toxicity in a pair of siblings&lt;br /&gt;suggesting an idiosyncratic genetic predisposition to aspartame&lt;br /&gt;toxicity.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, the cochlear toxicity in case report 2 took at least&lt;br /&gt;15 months to clear after his cessation of aspartame use&lt;br /&gt;suggesting that aspartame's cochlear toxicity can be long&lt;br /&gt;lasting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patients with dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss&lt;br /&gt;present not only to otolaryngologists and neurologists, but&lt;br /&gt;also to primary care clinicians frequently.&lt;br /&gt;Even though the yield may be low, asking them about their&lt;br /&gt;aspartame consumption and suggesting cessation of its use,&lt;br /&gt;may prove helpful for some.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abbreviations&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ENG: electronystagmograph;&lt;br /&gt;FDA: Food and Drug Administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consent&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for&lt;br /&gt;publication of these case reports.&lt;br /&gt;A copy of the written consent is available for review by the&lt;br /&gt;Editor-in-Chief of this journal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Competing interests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The authors declare that they have no competing interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Authors' contributions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DK obtained copies of her medical records when her health&lt;br /&gt;clinic closed down in the late 1980s and contributed both&lt;br /&gt;subjective and objective findings to case report 1.&lt;br /&gt;PP contributed to case report 2 and did the literature search.&lt;br /&gt;All authors read and approved the final manuscript.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US FDA.&lt;br /&gt;Artificial Sweeteners: No Calories ... Sweet!&lt;br /&gt;FDA Consumer Magazine. July-August 2006.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Butchko HH, Stargel WW.&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame: scientific evaluation in the postmarketing period.&lt;br /&gt;Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001;34:221-233.&lt;br /&gt;doi: 10.1006/rtph.2001.1500. [PubMed]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gulya AJ, Sessions RB, Troost TR.&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame and dizziness: preliminary results of a prospective,&lt;br /&gt;nonblinded, prevalence and attempted cross-over study.&lt;br /&gt;Am J Otol. 1992;13:438-442. [PubMed]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Articles from Cases Journal are provided here courtesy of&lt;br /&gt;BioMed Central&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/579335&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dermatitis. 2008; 19(3): E10-E11.&lt;br /&gt;© 2008 American Contact Dermatitis Society&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde, Aspartame, and Migraines:&lt;br /&gt;A Possible Connection&lt;br /&gt;Sharon E. Jacob; Sarah Stechschulte&lt;br /&gt;Published: 09/17/2008&lt;br /&gt;[ Extract ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspartame is a widely used artificial sweetener that has been&lt;br /&gt;linked to pediatric and adolescent migraines.&lt;br /&gt;Upon ingestion, aspartame is broken, converted, and oxidized&lt;br /&gt;into formaldehyde in various tissues.&lt;br /&gt;We present the first case series of aspartame-associated&lt;br /&gt;migraines related to clinically relevant positive reactions to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde on patch testing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Case Series&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Six patients (ages 16 to 75 years) were referred for evaluation&lt;br /&gt;of recalcitrant dermatitis. By history, five of the patients were&lt;br /&gt;noted to have developed migraines following aspartame&lt;br /&gt;consumption; the sixth reported dermatitis flares associated&lt;br /&gt;with diet cola consumption of &amp;gt;2 liters/day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All six patients had current environmental exposures to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing preservatives in&lt;br /&gt;their personal hygiene products and/or regular consumption&lt;br /&gt;of "sugar-free food" artificially sweetened with aspartame.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Based on their histories and clinical presentations, these&lt;br /&gt;patients were patch-tested with the North American Contact&lt;br /&gt;Dermatitis Group 65-allergen Standard Screening Series and&lt;br /&gt;selected chemicals from the University of Miami vehicle,&lt;br /&gt;fragrance, bakery, and textile trays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All six patients had positive reactions to formaldehyde, and&lt;br /&gt;four had additional positive reactions to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (FRPs).&lt;br /&gt;Expert counseling on allergen avoidance (including avoidance&lt;br /&gt;of formaldehyde, FRPs, and aspartame) and alternative&lt;br /&gt;product recommendations were provided to the patients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At their follow-up appointments (between 8 and 12 weeks),&lt;br /&gt;all the patients showed clearance of their dermatitis. Four&lt;br /&gt;patients (two inadvertently) resumed their consumption of&lt;br /&gt;aspartame and subsequently returned for an additional&lt;br /&gt;follow-up visit. Three of the first five patients had recurrences&lt;br /&gt;of both their migraines and their dermatitis; the sixth patient&lt;br /&gt;(who had no migraines) had a positive rechallenge dermatitis.&lt;br /&gt;These four patients were again counseled on avoidance&lt;br /&gt;regimen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde, aspartame, and migraines, the first case series,&lt;br /&gt;Sharon E Jacob-Soo, Sarah A Stechschulte, UCSD,&lt;br /&gt;Dermatitis 2008 May: Rich Murray 2008.07.18&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Friday, July 18, 2008&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1553&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde from many sources, including aspartame, is&lt;br /&gt;major cause of Allergic Contact Dermatitis, SE Jacob,&lt;br /&gt;T Steele, G Rodriguez, Skin and Aging 2005 Dec.:&lt;br /&gt;Murray 2008.03.27&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_03_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Thursday, March 27, 2008&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1533&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"For example, diet soda and yogurt containing aspartame&lt;br /&gt;(Nutrasweet), release formaldehyde in their natural biological&lt;br /&gt;degradation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of aspartame's metabolites, aspartic acid methyl ester, is&lt;br /&gt;converted to methanol in the body, which is oxidized to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde in all organs, including the liver and eyes. 22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patients with a contact dermatitis to formaldehyde have been&lt;br /&gt;seen to improve once aspartame is avoided. 22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notably, the case that Hill and Belsito reported had a 6-month&lt;br /&gt;history of eyelid dermatitis that subsided after 1 week of&lt;br /&gt;avoiding diet soda. 22"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Avoiding formaldehyde allergic reactions in children,&lt;br /&gt;aspartame, vitamins, shampoo, conditioners, hair gel, baby&lt;br /&gt;wipes, Sharon E Jacob, MD, Tace Steele, U. Miami,&lt;br /&gt;Pediatric Annals 2007 Jan.: eyelid contact dermatitis,&lt;br /&gt;AM Hill, DV Belsito, 2003 Nov.: Murray 2008.03.27&lt;br /&gt;http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2008_03_01_archive.htm&lt;br /&gt;Thursday, March 27, 2008&lt;br /&gt;http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1532&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sharon E. Jacob, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine&lt;br /&gt;(Dermatology)&lt;br /&gt;University of California, San Diego 200 W. Arbor Drive&lt;br /&gt;#8420, San Diego, CA 92103-8420&lt;br /&gt;Tel: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 858-552-8585 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; ×3504 Fax: 305-675-8317&lt;br /&gt;sjacob@contactderm.net;&lt;br /&gt;Sarah A. Stechschulte, BA sstechschulte@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The results indicate that there is a significant positive association&lt;br /&gt;between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2009/0901143/abstract.pdf&lt;br /&gt;http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2009/0901143/0901143.pdf&lt;br /&gt;[ study accepted for publication, text still in process ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde Exposure and Asthma in Children:&lt;br /&gt;A Systematic Review&lt;br /&gt;Gerald McGwin, Jr., Jeffrey Lienert, and John I. Kennedy, Jr.&lt;br /&gt;Environmental Health Perspectives&lt;br /&gt;National Institutes of Health&lt;br /&gt;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services&lt;br /&gt;doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901143 (available at http://dx.doi.org/ )&lt;br /&gt;Online 6 November 2009&lt;br /&gt;ehponline.org&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gerald McGwin, Jr. 1, Jeffrey Lienert 2, John I. Kennedy, Jr. 3,4&lt;br /&gt;1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,&lt;br /&gt;niversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL&lt;br /&gt;2. Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA&lt;br /&gt;3. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL&lt;br /&gt;4. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy &amp;amp; Critical Care Medicine,&lt;br /&gt;Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham,&lt;br /&gt;Birmingham, AL&lt;br /&gt;Address for correspondence: Gerald McGwin, Jr., M.S., Ph.D.,&lt;br /&gt;922 7th Avenue South, Suite 120, Birmingham, AL 35294,&lt;br /&gt;mcgwin@uab.edu &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 205-975-3030 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (ph.); 205-975-3040 (fax)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objective:&lt;br /&gt;Despite multiple published studies regarding the association between&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma, a consistent&lt;br /&gt;association has not been identified.&lt;br /&gt;This study reports the results of a systematic review of published&lt;br /&gt;literature in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of this&lt;br /&gt;relationship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data Sources:&lt;br /&gt;Seven peer-reviewed studies providing quantitative results regarding the&lt;br /&gt;association between formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children were&lt;br /&gt;identified following a comprehensive literature search.&lt;br /&gt;There was heterogeneity across studies with respect to the definition of&lt;br /&gt;asthma (e.g., self-report, physician diagnosis).&lt;br /&gt;The majority of studies were crosssectional in nature.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data Extraction:&lt;br /&gt;For each study, an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval&lt;br /&gt;(CI) for asthma was either abstracted from published results or&lt;br /&gt;calculated based on the data provided.&lt;br /&gt;Characteristics regarding the study design and population were also&lt;br /&gt;abstracted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Data Synthesis:&lt;br /&gt;Fixed and random effects models were used to calculate pooled&lt;br /&gt;ORs and 95% CIs; measures of heterogeneity were also&lt;br /&gt;calculated.&lt;br /&gt;The results of a fixed effects model produced an&lt;br /&gt;OR of 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04),&lt;br /&gt;and random effects model&lt;br /&gt;an OR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.01-1.36),&lt;br /&gt;both reflecting an increase of 10 microg/m3 of formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;Both the Q and I2 statistics indicated a moderate amount of&lt;br /&gt;heterogeneity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions:&lt;br /&gt;The results indicate that there is a significant positive association&lt;br /&gt;between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma.&lt;br /&gt;Given the largely cross-sectional nature of the studies underlying&lt;br /&gt;this meta-analysis, there remains a need for well-designed&lt;br /&gt;prospective epidemiologic studies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Words: asthma, children, epidemiology, formaldehyde,&lt;br /&gt;meta-analysis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acknowledgements and Grant Support: None&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Competing Interests Declaration:&lt;br /&gt;Dr. McGwin has been paid as an expert witness regarding&lt;br /&gt;the health effects of formaldehyde exposure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;List of abbreviations and definitions used in manuscript:&lt;br /&gt;NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)&lt;br /&gt;ppm (parts per million)&lt;br /&gt;ppb (parts per billion)&lt;br /&gt;OR (odds ratio)&lt;br /&gt;CI (confidence interval)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Article Descriptor: asthma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outline of Section Headers&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;Introduction&lt;br /&gt;Methods&lt;br /&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;Discussion&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion&lt;br /&gt;References&lt;br /&gt;Tables&lt;br /&gt;Figure Legends&lt;br /&gt;Figures&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.eyes.uab.edu/directory/mcgwin.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gerald McGwin, Jr., PhD [ photo ]&lt;br /&gt;Professor and Vice Chair of Epidemiology&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Biography | Contact | Publications | Research Program&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Address:&lt;br /&gt;Department of Ophthalmology&lt;br /&gt;University of Alabama at Birmingham&lt;br /&gt;Callahan Eye Foundation Hospital&lt;br /&gt;700 S. 18th Street, Suite 609&lt;br /&gt;Birmingham, AL 35294-0009&lt;br /&gt;Phone: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (205) 325-8117 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Fax: (205) 325-8692&lt;br /&gt;E-mail: mcgwin@uab.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gerald McGwin, Jr. is originally from Portland, Maine.&lt;br /&gt;He received his B.S. degree from the University of Vermont (1993)&lt;br /&gt;majoring in Education.&lt;br /&gt;He received an M.S. degree in Health and Social Behavior from the&lt;br /&gt;Harvard University School of Public Health (1995) and&lt;br /&gt;a Ph.D. degree in Epidemiology from the&lt;br /&gt;University of Alabama at Birmingham (1998).&lt;br /&gt;Throughout his academic training, Dr. McGwin's research interests&lt;br /&gt;focused on injuries, particularly as they relate to elderly populations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 1998 Dr. McGwin has been on the faculty of the&lt;br /&gt;University of Alabama at Birmingham, where he is currently&lt;br /&gt;Professor and Vice Chair of Epidemiology with secondary&lt;br /&gt;appointments in the Departments of Ophthalmology and Surgery.&lt;br /&gt;His current research interests focus on the epidemiology of injuries,&lt;br /&gt;particularly motor vehicle collisions and burns,&lt;br /&gt;aging-related eye diseases, and lupus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John I. Kennedy, Jr., M.D.&lt;br /&gt;Associate Chief of Staff -- Acute &amp;amp; Specialty Care&lt;br /&gt;Chief, Medical Service, Birmingham VA Medical Ctr.&lt;br /&gt;UAB Hospital&lt;br /&gt;1802 6th Avenue South&lt;br /&gt;Birmingham, AL 35249&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;(205) 934-9999&lt;br /&gt;Specialty: Allergy and Asthma, Pulmonary,&lt;br /&gt;Allergy and Critical Care Medicine&lt;br /&gt;Hospital Affiliations: UAB Hospital&lt;br /&gt;Faculty Title: Professor&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine: Southwestern Medical School, 1981&lt;br /&gt;Internship: University of Alabama at Birmingham&lt;br /&gt;From 1981 To 1982&lt;br /&gt;Residencies: University of Alabama at Birmingham&lt;br /&gt;From 1982 To 1984&lt;br /&gt;Fellowships: University of Alabama at Birmingham&lt;br /&gt;From 1984 To 1986&lt;br /&gt;Certifications: American Board of Critical Care Medicine, 1987&lt;br /&gt;American Board of Internal Medicine, 1984&lt;br /&gt;American Board of Pulmonary Medicine, 1986&lt;br /&gt;Diseases Treated/Clinical Interests: Critical care medicine,&lt;br /&gt;interstitial lung disease, COPD, pulmonary thromboembolic disease.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Lin's team looked at the cumulative average beverage intake,&lt;br /&gt;derived from food questionnaires completed in 1984, 1986,&lt;br /&gt;and 1990.&lt;br /&gt;The women replied whether they drank the beverages less than&lt;br /&gt;once a month, one to four times a month, two to six times weekly,&lt;br /&gt;once daily but less than twice, or twice a day or more often."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Aspartame, approved in the USA for beverages in July, 1983,&lt;br /&gt;was by far the dominant artificial sweetener in beverages&lt;br /&gt;in 1984 to 1990. ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3,267 women, median age 67 in 2000, in Nurses Health Study:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"When the researchers compared kidney function of the women&lt;br /&gt;in 1989 and 2000, they found that 11.4% or 372 women&lt;br /&gt;had a kidney function decline of 30% or more.&lt;br /&gt;When they looked at the diet information, they found that the 30%&lt;br /&gt;decline in kidney function was associated with drinking two or more&lt;br /&gt;artificially sweetened sodas a day.&lt;br /&gt;This was true even after taking into account factors such as age,&lt;br /&gt;high blood pressure, diabetes, and physical activity."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.modernmedicine.com/modernmedicine/Modern+Medicine+Now/ASN-Sodium-Swee\&lt;br /&gt;teners-and-Fructose-Raise-Health-Ri/ArticleNewsFeed/Article/detail/638324?contex\&lt;br /&gt;tCategoryId=40137&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;study presented at the American Society of Nephrology's&lt;br /&gt;42nd Annual Meeting and Scientific Exposition,&lt;br /&gt;held from Oct. 27 to Nov. 1 in San Diego&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In separate studies, Julie Lin, M.D., and Gary Curhan, M.D.,&lt;br /&gt;of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and colleagues&lt;br /&gt;examined the effects of sodium and artificial sweeteners&lt;br /&gt;on kidney function among more than 3,000 women&lt;br /&gt;in the Nurses Health Study.&lt;br /&gt;Higher dietary sodium intake was found to be associated&lt;br /&gt;with a greater kidney function decline in women&lt;br /&gt;with well-preserved kidneys, while the odds for kidney decline&lt;br /&gt;doubled for women consuming two or more daily servings&lt;br /&gt;of artificially sweetened soda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"While more study is needed, our research suggests that higher&lt;br /&gt;sodium and artificially sweetened soda intake are associated&lt;br /&gt;with greater rate of decline in kidney function,"&lt;br /&gt;Lin said in a statement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.webmd.com/news/20091102/diet-sodas-hard-on-the-kidneys&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diet Sodas May Be Hard on the Kidneys&lt;br /&gt;Women Who Drink 2 or More Diet Sodas Daily Double&lt;br /&gt;Their Risk of Kidney Function Decline, Study Shows&lt;br /&gt;By Kathleen Doheny&lt;br /&gt;WebMD Health News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD&lt;br /&gt;Nov. 2, 2009 -- Diet soda may help keep your calories in check,&lt;br /&gt;but drinking two or more diet sodas a day may&lt;br /&gt;double your risk of declining kidney function, a new study shows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Women who drank two or more diet sodas a day had a 30% drop&lt;br /&gt;in a measure of kidney function during the lengthy study follow-up,&lt;br /&gt;according to research presented Saturday at the annual meeting&lt;br /&gt;of the American Society of Nephrology in San Diego.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Thirty percent is considered significant,'' says researcher&lt;br /&gt;Julie Lin, MD, MPH, assistant professor of medicine&lt;br /&gt;at Harvard Medical School and a staff physician at&lt;br /&gt;Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.&lt;br /&gt;That's especially true, she says, because most study participants&lt;br /&gt;had well-preserved kidney function at the start of the study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diet Soda and Kidneys: Study Details&lt;br /&gt;The researchers evaluated 3,256 women already participating in&lt;br /&gt;the Nurses' Health Study who had submitted dietary information,&lt;br /&gt;including their intake of sugary beverages -- sugar-sweetened&lt;br /&gt;drinks, sugar-sweetened soda, and artificially sweetened soda.&lt;br /&gt;Sugar-sweetened drinks included soda, fruit juices, punch,&lt;br /&gt;and iced tea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Information was also available on measures of kidney function.&lt;br /&gt;Their median age was 67.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lin's team looked at the cumulative average beverage intake,&lt;br /&gt;derived from food questionnaires completed in 1984, 1986,&lt;br /&gt;and 1990.&lt;br /&gt;The women replied whether they drank the beverages less than&lt;br /&gt;once a month, one to four times a month, two to six times weekly,&lt;br /&gt;once daily but less than twice, or twice a day or more often.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diet Soda and Kidneys: Study Results&lt;br /&gt;When the researchers compared kidney function of the women&lt;br /&gt;in 1989 and 2000, they found that 11.4% or 372 women had&lt;br /&gt;a kidney function decline of 30% or more.&lt;br /&gt;When they looked at the diet information, they found that the 30%&lt;br /&gt;decline in kidney function was associated with drinking two or more&lt;br /&gt;artificially sweetened sodas a day.&lt;br /&gt;This was true even after taking into account factors such as age,&lt;br /&gt;high blood pressure, diabetes, and physical activity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Put another way: the women who drank two or more diet sodas&lt;br /&gt;a day had a decline in their glomerular filtration rate, a measure of&lt;br /&gt;kidney function, of 3 milliliters per minute per year.&lt;br /&gt;''With natural aging, kidney function declines&lt;br /&gt;about 1 mL per minute per year after age 40," Lin says.&lt;br /&gt;No link was found with the other beverages.&lt;br /&gt;And less than two sodas a day didn't seem to hurt.&lt;br /&gt;"We didn't see any association up to two artificially sweetened&lt;br /&gt;beverages a day," Lin says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''A serving was reported as either a glass, a can, or a bottle&lt;br /&gt;of a beverage," Lin tells WebMD.&lt;br /&gt;''It was not more specific than that."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''The mechanisms aren't clear," Lin says of the association&lt;br /&gt;she found.&lt;br /&gt;In another study she presented at the meeting, she found higher&lt;br /&gt;salt intake is also associated with faster kidney function decline.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All of the participants were women, so Lin can't say for sure&lt;br /&gt;that the association holds for men, although she says there is&lt;br /&gt;''no biological reason to think it wouldn't."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 20 million Americans have some evidence of chronic&lt;br /&gt;kidney disease, according to the society.&lt;br /&gt;Kidney disease diagnoses have doubled&lt;br /&gt;each of the last two decades. [4X more in 20 years ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090825/sc_livescience/obesepeoplehavesever\&lt;br /&gt;ebraindegeneration&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obese People Have 'Severe Brain Degeneration'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;livescience.com - Tue Aug 25, 10:35 am ET&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new study finds obese people have 8 percent less brain tissue&lt;br /&gt;than normal-weight individuals.&lt;br /&gt;Their brains look 16 years older than the brains of lean&lt;br /&gt;individuals, researchers said today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those classified as overweight have 4 percent less brain&lt;br /&gt;tissue and their brains appear to have aged prematurely&lt;br /&gt;by 8 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The results, based on brain scans of 94 people in their 70s,&lt;br /&gt;represent "severe brain degeneration," said Paul Thompson,&lt;br /&gt;senior author of the study and a UCLA professor of&lt;br /&gt;neurology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"That's a big loss of tissue and it depletes your cognitive&lt;br /&gt;reserves, putting you at much greater risk of Alzheimer's&lt;br /&gt;and other diseases that attack the brain," said Thompson.&lt;br /&gt;"But you can greatly reduce your risk for Alzheimer's,&lt;br /&gt;if you can eat healthily and keep your weight under control."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The findings are detailed in the online edition of the&lt;br /&gt;journal Human Brain Mapping.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obesity packs many negative health effects, including&lt;br /&gt;increased risk of heart disease, Type 2 diabetes,&lt;br /&gt;hypertension and some cancers.&lt;br /&gt;It's also been shown to reduce sexual activity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;More than 300 million worldwide are now classified as obese,&lt;br /&gt;according to the World Health Organization.&lt;br /&gt;Another billion are overweight.&lt;br /&gt;The main cause, experts say: bad diet, including an&lt;br /&gt;increased reliance on highly processed foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obese people had lost brain tissue in the frontal and&lt;br /&gt;temporal lobes, areas of the brain critical for planning&lt;br /&gt;and memory, and in the anterior cingulate gyrus&lt;br /&gt;(attention and executive functions), hippocampus&lt;br /&gt;(long-term memory) and basal ganglia (movement),&lt;br /&gt;the researchers said in a statement today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overweight people showed brain loss in the basal ganglia,&lt;br /&gt;the corona radiata, white matter comprised of axons,&lt;br /&gt;and the parietal lobe (sensory lobe).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The brains of obese people looked 16 years older than&lt;br /&gt;the brains of those who were lean, and in overweight&lt;br /&gt;people looked 8 years older," Thompson said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obesity is measured by body mass index (BMI), defined&lt;br /&gt;as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the&lt;br /&gt;height in meters.&lt;br /&gt;A BMI over 25 is defined as overweight,&lt;br /&gt;and a BMI of over 30 as obese.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The research was funded by the National Institute on Aging,&lt;br /&gt;National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering,&lt;br /&gt;National Center for Research Resources,&lt;br /&gt;and the American Heart Association.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]&lt;br /&gt;Brain structure and obesity.&lt;br /&gt;Raji CA,&lt;br /&gt;Ho AJ,&lt;br /&gt;Parikshak NN,&lt;br /&gt;Becker JT,&lt;br /&gt;Lopez OL,&lt;br /&gt;Kuller LH,&lt;br /&gt;Hua X,&lt;br /&gt;Leow AD,&lt;br /&gt;Toga AW,&lt;br /&gt;Thompson PM.&lt;br /&gt;Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obesity is associated with increased risk for&lt;br /&gt;cardiovascular health problems&lt;br /&gt;including diabetes, hypertension, and stroke.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These cardiovascular afflictions increase risk&lt;br /&gt;for cognitive decline and dementia,&lt;br /&gt;but it is unknown whether these factors,&lt;br /&gt;specifically obesity and Type II diabetes,&lt;br /&gt;are associated with specific patterns of brain atrophy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We used tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to examine&lt;br /&gt;gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences&lt;br /&gt;in 94 elderly subjects who remained cognitively normal&lt;br /&gt;for at least 5 years after their scan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bivariate analyses with corrections for multiple comparisons&lt;br /&gt;strongly linked body mass index (BMI),&lt;br /&gt;fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels,&lt;br /&gt;and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) with atrophy in frontal,&lt;br /&gt;temporal, and subcortical brain regions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A multiple regression model, also correcting for multiple&lt;br /&gt;comparisons, revealed that BMI was still negatively&lt;br /&gt;correlated with brain atrophy (FDR &amp;lt;5%),&lt;br /&gt;while DM2 and FPI were no longer associated&lt;br /&gt;with any volume differences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model&lt;br /&gt;controlling for age, gender, and race,&lt;br /&gt;obese subjects with a high BMI (BMI &amp;gt; 30) showed&lt;br /&gt;atrophy in the frontal lobes,&lt;br /&gt;anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus&lt;br /&gt;compared with individuals with a normal BMI (18.5-25).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overweight subjects (BMI: 25-30) had atrophy in the&lt;br /&gt;basal ganglia and corona radiata of the WM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overall brain volume did not differ between overweight&lt;br /&gt;and obese persons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Higher BMI was associated with lower brain volumes&lt;br /&gt;in overweight and obese elderly subjects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obesity is therefore associated with detectable&lt;br /&gt;brain volume deficits in cognitively normal elderly subjects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;PMID: 19662657&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122539667/abstract?CRETRY=1&amp;amp;SRETRY=0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cyrus A. Raji 1 2,&lt;br /&gt;April J. Ho 3,&lt;br /&gt;Neelroop N. Parikshak 3,&lt;br /&gt;James T. Becker 4 5 6, beckerjt@upmc.edu&lt;br /&gt;Oscar L. Lopez 6, lopezol@upmc.edu&lt;br /&gt;Lewis H. Kuller 7,&lt;br /&gt;Xue Hua 3,&lt;br /&gt;Alex D. Leow 3, feuillet@ucla.edu&lt;br /&gt;Arthur W. Toga 3,&lt;br /&gt;Paul M. Thompson 3 *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&lt;br /&gt;2 Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&lt;br /&gt;3 Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology,&lt;br /&gt;University of California Los Angeles,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California&lt;br /&gt;4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&lt;br /&gt;5 Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&lt;br /&gt;6 Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&lt;br /&gt;7 Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh,&lt;br /&gt;School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania&lt;br /&gt;email: Paul M. Thompson ( thompson@loni.ucla.edu )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*Correspondence to Paul M. Thompson, Professor of Neurology,&lt;br /&gt;Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology,&lt;br /&gt;UCLA School of Medicine, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South,&lt;br /&gt;Suite 225E, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7332&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cyrus A. Raji and April J. Ho contributed equally to this work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Funded by:&lt;br /&gt;NIA&lt;br /&gt;NIBIB&lt;br /&gt;NCRR; Grant Number: AG016570, EB01651, RR019771&lt;br /&gt;National Institute of Aging; Grant Number: AG 20098, AG05133, AG15928&lt;br /&gt;American Heart Association; Grant Number: 0815465D&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keywords&lt;br /&gt;brain atrophy, obesity, tensor-based morphometry&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Received: 23 April 2009; Revised: 3 June 2009;&lt;br /&gt;Accepted: 3 July 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.1002/hbm.20870&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Addict Biol. 2005 Dec;10(4): 351-5.&lt;br /&gt;Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples during&lt;br /&gt;an experimentally induced alcohol hangover state.&lt;br /&gt;Woo YS, Yoon SJ, Lee HK, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee CT,&lt;br /&gt;Kim DJ.&lt;br /&gt;Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry,&lt;br /&gt;The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/ sysop@catholic.ac.kr&lt;br /&gt;Songsin Campus: 02-740-9714&lt;br /&gt;Songsim Campus: 02-2164-4116&lt;br /&gt;Songeui Campus: 02-2164-4114&lt;br /&gt;http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/sub055.htm eight hospitals&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ Han-Kyu Lee ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A hangover is characterized by the unpleasant physical and&lt;br /&gt;mental symptoms that occur between 8 and 16 hours after&lt;br /&gt;drinking alcohol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After inducing experimental hangover in normal individuals,&lt;br /&gt;we measured the methanol concentration prior to&lt;br /&gt;and after alcohol consumption&lt;br /&gt;and we assessed the association between the hangover&lt;br /&gt;condition and the blood methanol level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A total of 18 normal adult males participated in this study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They did not have any previous histories of psychiatric&lt;br /&gt;or medical disorders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The blood ethanol concentration prior to the alcohol intake&lt;br /&gt;(2.26+/-2.08) was not significantly different from that&lt;br /&gt;13 hours after the alcohol consumption (3.12+/-2.38).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the difference of methanol concentration&lt;br /&gt;between the day of experiment (prior to the alcohol intake)&lt;br /&gt;and the next day (13 hours after the alcohol intake)&lt;br /&gt;was significant (2.62+/-1.33/l vs. 3.88+/-2.10/l, respectively).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A significant positive correlation was observed&lt;br /&gt;between the changes of blood methanol concentration&lt;br /&gt;and hangover subjective scale score increment when covarying&lt;br /&gt;for the changes of blood ethanol level (r=0.498, p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This result suggests the possible correlation of methanol&lt;br /&gt;as well as its toxic metabolite to hangover. PMID: 16318957&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[ The toxic metabolite of methanol is formaldehyde, which in turn&lt;br /&gt;partially becomes formic acid -- both potent cumulative toxins&lt;br /&gt;that are the actual cause of the toxicity of methanol.]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study by Jones AW (1987) found next-morning hangover&lt;br /&gt;from red wine with 100 to 150 mg methanol&lt;br /&gt;(9.5 % w/v ethanol, 100 mg/l methanol, 0.01 %).&lt;br /&gt;Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol --&lt;br /&gt;1,120 mg aspartame in 2 L diet soda,&lt;br /&gt;almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg methanol (wood alcohol).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 Mar; 60(3): 217-20.&lt;br /&gt;Elimination half-life of methanol during hangover.&lt;br /&gt;Jones AW. wayne.jones@RMV.se;&lt;br /&gt;Department of Forensic Toxicology,&lt;br /&gt;University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linkoping, Sweden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This paper reports the elimination half-life of methanol in human&lt;br /&gt;volunteers.&lt;br /&gt;Experiments were made during the morning after the subjects had&lt;br /&gt;consumed 1000-1500 ml red wine&lt;br /&gt;(9.5 % w/v ethanol, 100 mg/l methanol)&lt;br /&gt;the previous evening. [ 100 to 150 mg methanol ]&lt;br /&gt;The washout of methanol from the body&lt;br /&gt;coincided with the onset of hangover.&lt;br /&gt;The concentrations of ethanol and methanol in blood were&lt;br /&gt;determined indirectly by analysis of end-expired alveolar air.&lt;br /&gt;In the morning when blood-ethanol dropped&lt;br /&gt;below the Km of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)&lt;br /&gt;of about 100 mg/l (2.2 mM),&lt;br /&gt;the disappearance half-life of ethanol was 21, 22, 18 and 15 min.&lt;br /&gt;in 4 test subjects respectively.&lt;br /&gt;The corresponding elimination half-lives of methanol&lt;br /&gt;were 213, 110, 133 and 142 min. in these same individuals.&lt;br /&gt;The experimental design outlined in this paper can be used&lt;br /&gt;to obtain useful data on elimination kinetics of methanol&lt;br /&gt;in human volunteers without undue ethical limitations.&lt;br /&gt;Circumstantial evidence is presented to link methanol&lt;br /&gt;or its toxic metabolic products, formaldehyde and formic acid,&lt;br /&gt;with the pathogenesis of hangover. PMID: 3588516&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thrasher (2001): "The major difference is that the Japanese&lt;br /&gt;demonstrated the incorporation of FA and its metabolites&lt;br /&gt;into the placenta and fetus.&lt;br /&gt;The quantity of radioactivity remaining in maternal and fetal tissues&lt;br /&gt;at 48 hours was 26.9 % of the administered dose." [ Ref. 14-16 ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arch Environ Health 2001 Jul-Aug; 56(4): 300-11.&lt;br /&gt;Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;[100 references]&lt;br /&gt;Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. toxicology@drthrasher.org&lt;br /&gt;Sam-1 Trust, Alto, New Mexico, USA.&lt;br /&gt;www.drthrasher.org/formaldehyde_embryo_toxicity.html&lt;br /&gt;full text&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.drthrasher.org/formaldehyde_1990.html full text&lt;br /&gt;Jack Dwayne Thrasher, Alan Broughton, Roberta Madison.&lt;br /&gt;Immune activation and autoantibodies in humans&lt;br /&gt;with long-term inhalation exposure to formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;Archives of Environmental Health. 1990; 45: 217-223.&lt;br /&gt;"Immune activation, autoantibodies, and anti-HCHO-HSA&lt;br /&gt;antibodies are associated with long-term formaldehyde&lt;br /&gt;inhalation." PMID: 2400243&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clin J Pain. 2009 Jun; 25(5): 446-52.&lt;br /&gt;Foods and supplements in the management of migraine headaches.&lt;br /&gt;Sun-Edelstein C, Mauskop A.&lt;br /&gt;The New York Headache Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. drsun@nyheadache.com&lt;br /&gt;[ Alexander Mauskop, MD, Director, 30 East 76th Street, New York, NY 10021&lt;br /&gt;Telephone: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 877-669-4323&lt;br /&gt;Westchester: 99 Maple Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605 Tel:&lt;br /&gt;212-794-3550&lt;br /&gt;http://www.nyheadache.com/blog/ Alexander Mauskop's blog&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.thedailyheadache.com/2008/01/mauskop-blog.html ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;br /&gt;Although a wide range of acute and preventative medications are now&lt;br /&gt;available for the treatment of migraine headaches, many patients will not&lt;br /&gt;have a significant improvement in the frequency and severity of their&lt;br /&gt;headaches unless lifestyle modifications are made.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also, given the myriad side effects of traditional prescription medications,&lt;br /&gt;there is an increasing demand for "natural" treatment like vitamins and&lt;br /&gt;supplements for common ailments such as headaches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here, we discuss the role of food triggers in the management of migraines,&lt;br /&gt;and review the evidence for supplements in migraine treatment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;METHODS:&lt;br /&gt;A review of the English language literature on preclinical and clinical&lt;br /&gt;studies of any type on food triggers, vitamins, supplements, and migraine&lt;br /&gt;headaches was conducted.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RESULTS:&lt;br /&gt;A detailed nutritional history is helpful in identifying food triggers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although the data surrounding the role of certain foods and substances in&lt;br /&gt;triggering headaches is controversial, certain subsets of patients may be&lt;br /&gt;sensitive to phenylethylamine, tyramine, aspartame, monosodium glutamate,&lt;br /&gt;nitrates, nitrites, alcohol, and caffeine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The available evidence for the efficacy of certain vitamins and supplements&lt;br /&gt;in preventing migraines supports the use of these agents in the migraine&lt;br /&gt;treatment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;br /&gt;The identification of food triggers, with the help of food diaries, is an&lt;br /&gt;inexpensive way to reduce migraine headaches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also recommend the use of the following supplements in the preventative&lt;br /&gt;treatment of migraines, in decreasing order of preference: magnesium,&lt;br /&gt;Petasites hybridus, feverfew, coenzyme Q10, riboflavin, and alpha lipoic&lt;br /&gt;acid. PMID: 19454881&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://nyheadache.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=12&amp;amp;Itemid=46&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alexander Mauskop, MD FAAN, DIRECTOR,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Mauskop is the Director and founder of the New York Headache Center. He&lt;br /&gt;is board-certified in Neurology with subspecialty certification in Headache&lt;br /&gt;Medicine.??&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Mauskop has been conducting research in the field of headaches for over&lt;br /&gt;20 years and has published numerous articles in scientific journals. He has&lt;br /&gt;delivered over 400 scientific presentations and lectures and serves as a&lt;br /&gt;reviewer for the New England Journal of Medicine, Neurology, Headache, and&lt;br /&gt;several other medical journals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Mauskop is a Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, Fellow of the&lt;br /&gt;New York Academy of Medicine and member of other professional organization.&lt;br /&gt;He is an Associate Professor of Neurology at SUNY - Downstate Medical&lt;br /&gt;Center, Past-President of the Eastern Pain Association, and, for the past 21&lt;br /&gt;years, has been the Director of an annual educational symposium for&lt;br /&gt;physicians.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over 200 doctors from around the world have visited the New York Headache&lt;br /&gt;Center to learn advanced treatment techniques, such as Botox injections,&lt;br /&gt;magnesium infusions, and other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Mauskop is a licensed acupuncturist and author of The Headache&lt;br /&gt;Alternative: A Neurologist's Guide to Drug-Free Relief, a book published by&lt;br /&gt;Dell and What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Migraines: The Breakthrough&lt;br /&gt;Program That Can Help End Your Pain, published by Warner Books.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He has repeatedly been chosen as one of New York magazine's Best Doctors in&lt;br /&gt;New York, as one of New York Times Magazine's, "Super Doctors" and as Castle&lt;br /&gt;and Connolly's "Best Doctors". Dr. Mauskop has appeared on local and&lt;br /&gt;national television shows, including Tom Brokaw's News Hour, Extra, and PBS&lt;br /&gt;specials, and he has been featured in Vogue, O Magazine, and many other&lt;br /&gt;publications. He has given lectures at institutions such as Cornell,&lt;br /&gt;Harvard, Columbia, NYU and Dartmouth Medical Schools, Mayo and Cleveland&lt;br /&gt;Clinics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christina Sun-Edelstein MD, Headache and Epilepsy Specilist&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Christina Sun-Edelstein is a Board-Certified Neurologist with&lt;br /&gt;subspecialty training and experience in both Headache and Epilepsy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She graduated from SUNY Brooklyn College of Medicine with honors, and then&lt;br /&gt;completed her neurology residency at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Sun-Edelstein subsequently spent a year in Melbourne, Australia as an&lt;br /&gt;Epilepsy Fellow at St. Vincent's Hospital, then returned to New York for her&lt;br /&gt;fellowship training in Headache Medicine at Roosevelt Hospital's Headache&lt;br /&gt;Institute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During her Headache Fellowship, and in clinical practice since then, Dr. Sun&lt;br /&gt;Edelstein has accumulated a great deal of experience in diagnosing and&lt;br /&gt;managing headache patients. She has also participated in research trials,&lt;br /&gt;and has skills in developing and implementing research protocols.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Sun-Edelstein's awards and honors include the American Academy of&lt;br /&gt;Neurology's Resident Scholarship Award, the David Coddon Memorial Award&lt;br /&gt;(given by the Headache Cooperative of New England), the American Headache&lt;br /&gt;Society's Clinical Fellowship Award, and the American Headache Society's&lt;br /&gt;Travel Award. She has also been published in academic journals such as&lt;br /&gt;Archives of Neurology and Headache, and has written multiple headache topics&lt;br /&gt;for the online medical reference UptoDate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00541.x&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research&lt;br /&gt;Volume 31 Issue 12 Page 2114-2120, December 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bhushan M. Kapur, b.kapur@utoronto.ca;&lt;br /&gt;Arthur C. Vandenbroucke, PhD, FCACB&lt;br /&gt;Yana Adamchik,&lt;br /&gt;Denis C. Lehotay, dlehotay@health.gov.sk.ca;&lt;br /&gt;Peter L. Carlen carlen@uhnres.utoronto.ca;&lt;br /&gt;(2007) Formic Acid, a Novel Metabolite of Chronic Ethanol Abuse, Causes&lt;br /&gt;Neurotoxicity, Which Is Prevented by Folic Acid&lt;br /&gt;Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 31 (12), 2114-2120.&lt;br /&gt;doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00541.x&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Abstract&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Background:&lt;br /&gt;Methanol is endogenously formed in the brain and is present as a congener in&lt;br /&gt;most alcoholic beverages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Because ethanol is preferentially metabolized over methanol (MeOH) by&lt;br /&gt;alcohol dehydrogenase, it is not surprising that MeOH accumulates in the&lt;br /&gt;alcohol-abusing population.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This suggests that the alcohol-drinking population will have higher levels&lt;br /&gt;of MeOH's neurotoxic metabolite, formic acid (FA).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FA elimination is mediated by folic acid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Neurotoxicity is a common result of chronic alcoholism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This study shows for the first time that FA, found in chronic alcoholics, is&lt;br /&gt;neurotoxic and this toxicity can be mitigated by folic acid administration.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Objective:&lt;br /&gt;To determine if FA levels are higher in the alcohol-drinking population and&lt;br /&gt;to assess its neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal rat brain slice&lt;br /&gt;cultures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods:&lt;br /&gt;Serum and CSF FA was measured in samples from both ethanol abusing and&lt;br /&gt;control patients, who presented to a hospital emergency department. [ CSF =&lt;br /&gt;Cerebral Spinal Fluid ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FA's neurotoxicity and its reversibility by folic acid were assessed using&lt;br /&gt;organotypic rat brain hippocampal slice cultures using clinically relevant&lt;br /&gt;concentrations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results:&lt;br /&gt;Serum FA levels in the alcoholics (mean ± SE: 0.416 +- 0.093 mmol/l, n = 23)&lt;br /&gt;were significantly higher than in controls (mean ± SE: 0.154 +- 0.009&lt;br /&gt;mmol/l, n = 82) (p &amp;lt; 0.0002).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FA was not detected in the controls' CSF (n = 20), whereas it was &amp;gt;0.15&lt;br /&gt;mmol/l in CSF of 3 of the 4 alcoholic cases.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low doses of FA from 1 to 5 mmol/l added for 24, 48 or 72 hours to the rat&lt;br /&gt;brain slice cultures caused neuronal death as measured by propidium iodide&lt;br /&gt;staining.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When folic acid (1 umol/l) was added with the FA, neuronal death was&lt;br /&gt;prevented. [ umol = micromole ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions:&lt;br /&gt;Formic acid may be a significant factor in the neurotoxicity of ethanol&lt;br /&gt;abuse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This neurotoxicity can be mitigated by folic acid administration at a&lt;br /&gt;clinically relevant dose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Words:&lt;br /&gt;Formic Acid, Folic Acid, Methanol, Neurotoxicity, Alcoholism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the Department of Clinical Pathology (BMK), Sunnybrook Health Science&lt;br /&gt;Centre, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for&lt;br /&gt;Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;St. Michael's Hospital (ACV), Toronto, Canada;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, (BMK, ACV), Faculty of&lt;br /&gt;Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Physiology (YA, PLC), Toronto&lt;br /&gt;Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and University of Saskatchewan (DLC), Saskatchewan, Canada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Received for publication May 1, 2007; accepted September 24, 2007.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reprint requests: Dr. Bhushan M. Kapur, Department of Clinical Pathology,&lt;br /&gt;Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N&lt;br /&gt;3M5, Canada; Fax: 416-813-7562; E-mail: b.kapur@utoronto.ca;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copyright 2007 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. DOI:&lt;br /&gt;10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00541.x&lt;br /&gt;Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2007 Dec.&lt;br /&gt;Alcohol Clin Exp Res, Vol. 31, No 12, 2007: pp 2114-2120&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NEUROTOXICITY AND BRAIN damage are common concomitants findings of chronic&lt;br /&gt;alcoholism (Carlen and Wilkinson, 1987; Carlen et al., 1981; Harper, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The cause of ethanol-induced neurotoxicity is still unclear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We present here a novel hypothesis for neurotoxicity: increased formic acid&lt;br /&gt;(FA) levels produced from methanol (MeOH), whose catabolism is blocked by&lt;br /&gt;ethanol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Axelrod and Daly (1965) demonstrated the endogenous formation of MeOH from&lt;br /&gt;S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in the pituitary glands of humans and various&lt;br /&gt;other mammalian species.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Presence of MeOH in the breath of human subjects was reported by Ericksen&lt;br /&gt;and Kulkarni (1963).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most alcoholic beverages also have a small amount of MeOH as a congener&lt;br /&gt;(Sprung et al., 1988).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As ethanol (EtOH) has a higher affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) than&lt;br /&gt;MeOH, EtOH is preferentially metabolized (Mani et al., 1970).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a result, MeOH accumulation from endogenously produced MeOH, and/or, that&lt;br /&gt;consumed as part of an alcoholic beverage, has been reported in&lt;br /&gt;concentrations up to 2 mmol/l in heavy drinkers (Majchrowicz and Mendelson,&lt;br /&gt;1971).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Toxicity resulting from MeOH consumption is extensively documented in both&lt;br /&gt;humans and animals and has been attributed to its metabolite, FA (Benton and&lt;br /&gt;Calhoun, 1952; Roe, 1946, 1955; Wood, 1912; Wood and Buller, 1904).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rate of formate oxidation and elimination is dependent on adequate&lt;br /&gt;levels of hepatic folic acid, particularly hepatic tetrahydrofolate (THF)&lt;br /&gt;(Johlin et al., 1987; Tephly and McMartin, 1974).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Significantly higher formate levels were obtained when folate-deficient&lt;br /&gt;animals were exposed to MeOH as compared with folate-sufficient animals (Lee&lt;br /&gt;et al., 1994; McMartin et al., 1975; Noker et al., 1980).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To understand ethanol's toxicity, one must consider FA produced from MeOH,&lt;br /&gt;and its elimination mediated by folic acid.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We postulate that in the chronically drinking patient, we will find higher&lt;br /&gt;levels of FA than in the nondrinking population, and that formate is&lt;br /&gt;neurotoxic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We also hypothesize that treatment with folic acid, which is a critical&lt;br /&gt;factor in the catabolism of FA, can prevent or diminish FA neurotoxicity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drug Chem Toxicol. 2008; 31(4): 447-57.&lt;br /&gt;Genotoxicity testing of low-calorie sweeteners: aspartame, acesulfame-K, and&lt;br /&gt;saccharin.&lt;br /&gt;Bandyopadhyay A,&lt;br /&gt;Ghoshal S,&lt;br /&gt;Mukherjee A.&lt;br /&gt;Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of&lt;br /&gt;Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Authors:&lt;br /&gt;Atrayee Bandyopadhyay a; atrayee.banerjee@gmail.com;&lt;br /&gt;Sarbani Ghoshal b;&lt;br /&gt;Anita Mukherjee a&lt;br /&gt;Affiliations:&lt;br /&gt;a Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of&lt;br /&gt;Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India&lt;br /&gt;b Present address: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky,&lt;br /&gt;Lexington, Kentucky, USA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low-calorie sweeteners are chemicals that offer the sweetness of sugar&lt;br /&gt;without the calories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consumers are increasingly concerned about the quality and safety of many&lt;br /&gt;products present in the diet, in particular, the use of low-calorie&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners, flavorings, colorings, preservatives, and dietary supplements.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the present study, we evaluated the mutagenicity of the three low-calorie&lt;br /&gt;sweeteners in the Ames/Salmonella/microsome test and their genotoxic&lt;br /&gt;potential by comet assay in the bone marrow cells of mice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus, were orally administered with different&lt;br /&gt;concentrations of&lt;br /&gt;aspartame (ASP; 7, 14, 28, and 35 mg/kg body weight),&lt;br /&gt;acesulfame-K (ASK; 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight),&lt;br /&gt;and saccharin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) individually.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concurrently negative and positive control sets were maintained.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The animals were sacrificed and the bone marrow cells were processed for&lt;br /&gt;comet assay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The standard plate-incorporation assay was carried with the three sweeteners&lt;br /&gt;in Salmonella typhimurium TA 97a and TA 100 strains both in the absence and&lt;br /&gt;presence of the S9 mix.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The comet parameters of DNA were increased in the bone marrow cells due to&lt;br /&gt;the sweetener-induced DNA strand breaks, as revealed by increased comet-tail&lt;br /&gt;extent and percent DNA in the tail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ASK and saccharin were found to induce greater DNA damage than ASP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, none could act as a potential mutagen in the Ames/Salmonella&lt;br /&gt;/microsome test.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These findings are important, since they represent a potential health risk&lt;br /&gt;associated with the exposure to these agents. PMID: 18850355&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sarbani Ghoshal&lt;br /&gt;Email: sarbanighoshal@uky.edu,&lt;br /&gt;Title: Post-Doctoral Scholar&lt;br /&gt;Department: Pharmaceutical Sciences&lt;br /&gt;Address: 561 Charles T Wethington Building 40536-0200&lt;br /&gt;phone &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 859 323-4993 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; home phone &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 859 323-9610&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.psgcas.ac.in/downloads/FreePaperpresentation.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POSTER PRESENTATION (11.01.2007) THURSDAY&lt;br /&gt;SESSION IX (4.30 TO 6.00 PM)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PP 18 Atrayee Bandyopadhyay, et.al.,&lt;br /&gt;atrayee.banerjee@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;Center for Advanced Study, Cell &amp;amp; Chromosome Research,&lt;br /&gt;Dept. of Botany, Univ of Calcutta , Kolkata&lt;br /&gt;DNA damage induced by Aspartame a low calorie sweet&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PP 10 Ms. Salma Ghosh &amp;amp; Anita Mukherjee,&lt;br /&gt;anitamukherjee28@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;Center of Advanced Study in cell &amp;amp; Chromosome Research,&lt;br /&gt;Dept. of Botany, Univ of Calcutta, Kolkata&lt;br /&gt;Evaluation of DNA damage by ophenylenediamine in Allium assay&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/faculty/marc-weisskopf/index.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marc G. Weisskopf&lt;br /&gt;Mark and Catherine Winkler Assistant Professor of Environmental and Occupational&lt;br /&gt;Epidemiology&lt;br /&gt;Department of Environmental Health&lt;br /&gt;Department of Epidemiology&lt;br /&gt;401 Park Dr., Rm 3-104&lt;br /&gt;Landmark Center, PO Box 15697&lt;br /&gt;Boston, Massachusetts 02215&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;617.384.8872 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; mweissko@hsph.harvard.edu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Education&lt;br /&gt;ScB, Neuroscience, Brown University, 1989&lt;br /&gt;PhD, Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, 1994&lt;br /&gt;ScD, Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/faculty/marc-weisskopf/files/AAN_ALS_chem_press_rele\&lt;br /&gt;ase.pdf&lt;br /&gt;EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE UNTIL 2:00 P.M. CT/3:00 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16, 2008&lt;br /&gt;Media Contacts:&lt;br /&gt;Angela Babb, &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (651) 695-2789 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;, ababb@aan.com&lt;br /&gt;Rachel Seroka, &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (651) 695-2738 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;, rseroka@aan.com&lt;br /&gt;AAN Press Room 179B (April 12â€“18): &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; (312) 791-7053&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3ISwNRe4Xk&amp;amp;feature=related&lt;br /&gt;4:15 minute video by John Gever, Medscape Today&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.4woman.gov/News/English/614428.htm&lt;br /&gt;http://www.healthfinder.gov/news/newsstory.asp?docid=614428&lt;br /&gt;http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=88726&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"...there are only about 5,500 new cases in the United States each year."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde Linked to Lou Gehrig's Disease&lt;br /&gt;By Randy Dotinga&lt;br /&gt;HealthDay Reporter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2008 (HealthDay News) -- New preliminary research suggests&lt;br /&gt;that exposure to the chemical formaldehyde, present in a variety of workplaces,&lt;br /&gt;could greatly increase a person's chances of developing Lou Gehrig's disease.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The findings aren't definitive, and only a few thousand Americans are diagnosed&lt;br /&gt;with the condition -- also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) -- each&lt;br /&gt;year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Still, the study results deserve attention, especially since formaldehyde hasn't&lt;br /&gt;been considered an ALS risk factor before, said study author Marc Weisskopf, an&lt;br /&gt;assistant professor of epidemiology and environmental health at Harvard School&lt;br /&gt;of Public Health. "It's a result that we view as very intriguing and worthy of&lt;br /&gt;follow-up."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The findings were scheduled to be released Wednesday at the American Academy of&lt;br /&gt;Neurology annual meeting, in Chicago.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ALS progressively causes damage to the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.&lt;br /&gt;Patients lose the ability to control their muscles, and they typically become&lt;br /&gt;paralyzed. There's no cure for ALS, and treatments have limited value.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Weisskopf and his colleagues examined statistics from an American Cancer Society&lt;br /&gt;study of more than 1 million people who were followed for 15 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The researchers first examined the participants' responses in 1982 to questions&lt;br /&gt;about exposure to 12 different chemicals, including formaldehyde. Then they&lt;br /&gt;followed up between 1989 and 2004 to see what happened to those people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The researchers found that 617 men and 539 women died of ALS during the study&lt;br /&gt;period. Only those who reported exposure to formaldehyde had a higher risk -- 34&lt;br /&gt;percent higher -- of developing ALS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde is used in the manufacture of a variety of products, including&lt;br /&gt;particle board, clothing, glues, cosmetics and shampoo. People who work in&lt;br /&gt;medical facilities and mortuaries may also encounter it on the job.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pungent chemical has already been linked to higher rates of lung cancer and&lt;br /&gt;leukemia. It was not declared a probable human carcinogen at high exposure&lt;br /&gt;levels by the Environmental Protection Agency until 1987.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those who reported more than 10 years of exposure to formaldehyde were almost&lt;br /&gt;four times more likely to develop ALS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to Weisskopf, the study design didn't allow him to estimate how many&lt;br /&gt;extra people may develop ALS because they are exposed to formaldehyde. However,&lt;br /&gt;he said there are only about 5,500 new cases in the United States each year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers have considered pesticides to be a possible cause of ALS, but&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde hasn't been raised as a villain before, Weisskopf said. It's not&lt;br /&gt;clear how it might be linked to development of the disease, but Weisskopf said&lt;br /&gt;it could set off brain damage by increasing the "stress" caused by oxygen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's possible that other factors besides formaldehyde may be causing ALS in the&lt;br /&gt;study participants. Indeed, Weisskopf said the findings don't confirm a&lt;br /&gt;cause-and-effect relationship: "That's very hard to do. But it does provide an&lt;br /&gt;avenue to get more insight into the disease process, and it may give us insight&lt;br /&gt;that's helpful in determining other avenues to take."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Catherine Lomen-Hoerth, director of the ALS Center at the University of&lt;br /&gt;California, San Francisco, said it's too early for anyone to worry too much&lt;br /&gt;about the findings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The research "means studies can be done in ALS rats or mice to see if&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde worsens the disease process," she said, but, "I don't think we&lt;br /&gt;understand environmental factors very well, and in what way they affect disease&lt;br /&gt;processes."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If we knew more about what causes ALS, we might know more about how&lt;br /&gt;formaldehydes and other chemicals might [play a role]," she added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SOURCES: Marc Weisskopf, Ph.D., assistant professor, epidemiology and&lt;br /&gt;environmental health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Catherine&lt;br /&gt;Lomen-Hoerth, M.D., Ph.D., director, ALS Center, University of California, San&lt;br /&gt;Francisco; April 16, 2008, presentation, American Academy of Neurology annual&lt;br /&gt;meeting, Chicago&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copyright Â© 2008 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Regular formaldehyde exposure increased ALS risk by 34%.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, the longer the self-reported exposure to formaldehyde, the higher&lt;br /&gt;the risk for ALS.&lt;br /&gt;Thus, compared with those reporting no exposure, the adjusted relative risk for&lt;br /&gt;ALS was&lt;br /&gt;1.5 in individuals who reported less than four years of exposure,&lt;br /&gt;2.1 in those with four to 10 years of exposure, and&lt;br /&gt;4.1 in those with more than 10 years of exposure.&lt;br /&gt;Overall, 2.6% of participants reported that they had been exposed to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Nearly 25% of beauticians reported that they were exposed to formaldehyde.&lt;br /&gt;Pharmacists, morticians, radio/lab technicians, dentists, firemen,&lt;br /&gt;photographers, printers, doctors, and nurses also reported high rates of&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde exposure.&lt;br /&gt;Individuals in these high-exposure jobs had a 28% greater risk for ALS."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There are several possible mechanisms for formaldehyde neurotoxicity, said Dr.&lt;br /&gt;Weisskopf.&lt;br /&gt;These include hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons,&lt;br /&gt;reduced excitability of the isolated phrenic nerve,&lt;br /&gt;prefrontal cortex/hippocampal neurotoxicity,&lt;br /&gt;a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity,&lt;br /&gt;an increase in malondialdehyde,&lt;br /&gt;and toxic tau protein misfolding."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"...other factors that might contribute to ALS were controlled for, including&lt;br /&gt;sex, smoking status, military service, level of education, alcohol intake,&lt;br /&gt;occupation, vitamin E supplement use, and exposure to other chemicals."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.neurologyreviews.com/08june/FormaldehydeALS.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Neurology Reviews.Com&lt;br /&gt;Vol. 16, No. 6 June 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde Exposure May Pose Risk for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHICAGO -- Preliminary results suggest that exposure to the chemical&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde may increase the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),&lt;br /&gt;according to a report at the 60th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of&lt;br /&gt;Neurology. Researchers found that people with more than 10 years of exposure to&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde had a 4.1 times increased risk for ALS, compared with those who had&lt;br /&gt;no exposure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;â€œWhile pesticides have been thought to contribute to the development of ALS,&lt;br /&gt;this is the first time that formaldehyde has been identified as a potential risk&lt;br /&gt;factor,â€ &amp;nbsp;commented Marc Weisskopf, PhD, Assistant Professor of Environmental&lt;br /&gt;and Occupational Epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formaldehyde is used in particleboard and other wood products, permanent press&lt;br /&gt;fabrics, glues, photography chemicals, and other household products, such as&lt;br /&gt;cosmetics and shampoo. It is also used as a tissue preservative in medical&lt;br /&gt;laboratories and mortuaries and as an industrial disinfectant. About 20 years&lt;br /&gt;ago, the US Environmental Protection Agency designated high levels of&lt;br /&gt;formaldehyde as a probable carcinogen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS AND RISK FOR ALS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prior research has suggested that environmental toxins, including pesticides,&lt;br /&gt;may be associated with ALS. This notion has been backed by case-control and&lt;br /&gt;genetic studies implicating genes involved in pesticide detoxification, said Dr.&lt;br /&gt;Weisskopf. However, the findings have
